Using a Model-Reinforced VideoUsing a Model-Reinforced Video in Career Counseling & Services: in Career Counseling & Services:

A Tool for PractitionersA Tool for Practitioners

Robert Reardon, Sara Bertoch, Christine RicherRobert Reardon, Sara Bertoch, Christine Richer

Florida State UniversityFlorida State University

OverviewOverview

Rationale for the projectRationale for the project The FYE class and proceduresThe FYE class and procedures Developing the video interventionDeveloping the video intervention Experience with Survey MonkeyExperience with Survey Monkey Project outcomes and next stepsProject outcomes and next steps Questions and discussionQuestions and discussion

BasesBases for Career Interventions for Career Interventions

Using theory or conceptsUsing theory or concepts narrative approachesnarrative approaches RIASEC, SCCT, CIP, behavioral, othersRIASEC, SCCT, CIP, behavioral, others

Using researchUsing research Based on empirical workBased on empirical work Model reinforced learningModel reinforced learning

Drawing upon evidence-based practiceDrawing upon evidence-based practice

Information-Seeking BehaviorInformation-Seeking Behavior

What is model-reinforced learning?What is model-reinforced learning? Krumboltz (1964), Bandura (1969), Krumboltz (1964), Bandura (1969),

Krumboltz& Thoresen (1964), Fisher, Krumboltz& Thoresen (1964), Fisher, Reardon, & Burck (1976)Reardon, & Burck (1976)

Principles of reinforcement and social Principles of reinforcement and social learninglearning

Verbal and nonverbal reinforcement of Verbal and nonverbal reinforcement of modelsmodels

Reinforcement Effects on ISBReinforcement Effects on ISB

Write, observe, read, listen, visit, talkWrite, observe, read, listen, visit, talk ““mm-hm,” “good idea,” “sounds great,” “fine,” mm-hm,” “good idea,” “sounds great,” “fine,”

silence, targeted questionssilence, targeted questions Smile, head nod, forward lean, voice tone, eye Smile, head nod, forward lean, voice tone, eye

contactcontact Type and frequency of ISB increasedType and frequency of ISB increased Counselor prestige and attentiveness unrelated Counselor prestige and attentiveness unrelated

to ISBto ISB Media-mediated reinforced models matteredMedia-mediated reinforced models mattered

First Year ExperienceFirst Year Experience(FYE)(FYE)

Florida State University’s orientation Florida State University’s orientation coursecourse

Founded in fall 1992Founded in fall 1992 Created to address the issue of student Created to address the issue of student

retentionretention Program ran from 1992-2008Program ran from 1992-2008

First Year ExperienceFirst Year Experience(FYE)(FYE)

Integrates students academically and Integrates students academically and socially to the university environment.socially to the university environment.

Students who are more integrated to Students who are more integrated to university surroundings are more likely to university surroundings are more likely to succeed. (Astin, 1984; Tinto, 1987) succeed. (Astin, 1984; Tinto, 1987)

FYE Student PopulationFYE Student Population

Offered to first year and transfer studentsOffered to first year and transfer students Classes were small, personalized, and Classes were small, personalized, and

highly interactivehighly interactive 50-60 sections per year50-60 sections per year Reached 1,000 students annuallyReached 1,000 students annually

Creating the VideoCreating the Video

Provide a career information delivery system that Provide a career information delivery system that was practical, efficient, and effectivewas practical, efficient, and effective

Six types of ISB identified by Krumboltz (1964) were Six types of ISB identified by Krumboltz (1964) were reinforced in the video: reinforced in the video: WriteWrite, , ObserveObserve, , ReadRead, , ListenListen, , VisitVisit, and , and TalkTalk

Adapted the script from the Fisher, Reardon, & Adapted the script from the Fisher, Reardon, & Burck (1976) videoBurck (1976) video

Digital Media CenterDigital Media Center

University library rents AV equipment and provides University library rents AV equipment and provides consultation for educational media developmentconsultation for educational media development

Provides support system for creating digital Provides support system for creating digital images, text, sound, video and services images, text, sound, video and services

Offers facilities, training, and free multimedia Offers facilities, training, and free multimedia authoring supportauthoring support

Provides hardware & software for self-service Provides hardware & software for self-service video and image digitizing, CD-ROM and DVD video and image digitizing, CD-ROM and DVD creation, and textual conversion and markupcreation, and textual conversion and markup

Production TeamProduction Team

Head of the Digital Media Center filmed the video, Head of the Digital Media Center filmed the video, provided AV equipment (video camera, tripod, provided AV equipment (video camera, tripod, spotlight), and acted as consultant for film editing spotlight), and acted as consultant for film editing strategiesstrategies

Actors included two career counselors, one of them Actors included two career counselors, one of them a student, and one a credentialed assistant directora student, and one a credentialed assistant director

Reardon adapted the original script and assisted in Reardon adapted the original script and assisted in replicating the 1976 studyreplicating the 1976 study

Ruff was the lead researcher and coordinator of Ruff was the lead researcher and coordinator of video developmentvideo development

Filming & EditingFilming & Editing

Rough video filmed over 3.5 hours in university Rough video filmed over 3.5 hours in university career centercareer center

Career center moved shortly after filming and study Career center moved shortly after filming and study participants used new career centerparticipants used new career center

Entire editing process took about 28 hours over Entire editing process took about 28 hours over period of 2.5 monthsperiod of 2.5 months

Editing software program, VegasPro, used to do Editing software program, VegasPro, used to do things such as crop, fade, zoom, and splitthings such as crop, fade, zoom, and split

““Fast forward,” “Complex,” and “Zooming” Fast forward,” “Complex,” and “Zooming” TechniquesTechniques

Editing TechniquesEditing Techniques

You Tube video shows examples of how You Tube video shows examples of how the VegasPro editing system was used in the VegasPro editing system was used in this projectthis project

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-sYEIZQ2LU&feature=channelsYEIZQ2LU&feature=channel

Photo GalleryPhoto Gallery

Photo GalleryPhoto Gallery

Photo GalleryPhoto Gallery

Survey MonkeySurvey Monkey

An online network used for data collectionAn online network used for data collection Information can be gathered from Information can be gathered from

participants at their leisure via individual participants at their leisure via individual Web addressWeb address

Started in 1999 in Portland, OregonStarted in 1999 in Portland, Oregon Used by over 80% of the Fortune 100 Used by over 80% of the Fortune 100

companiescompanies

Three Peer Reviewed Articles Three Peer Reviewed Articles Reported Response Rates Using Reported Response Rates Using

Survey MonkeySurvey Monkey 72% 72% 26 responded out of the 39 (Horn et al.,2007)26 responded out of the 39 (Horn et al.,2007)

30%30% 46 responded out of the 152 (Ingram et al.,2005)46 responded out of the 152 (Ingram et al.,2005)

25%25% 152 responded out of the 600 (Bell et al.,2008) 152 responded out of the 600 (Bell et al.,2008)

30%30% Average for online questionnaires Average for online questionnaires

Study ProceduresStudy Procedures

Randomly assigned 25 FYE classes to Randomly assigned 25 FYE classes to two conditionstwo conditions

Experimental group saw the videoExperimental group saw the video Control group had standard presentationControl group had standard presentation Career Center feedback via Career Center feedback via

Survey MonkeySurvey Monkey

Survey ResultsSurvey Results

27 total respondents = 5% response rate27 total respondents = 5% response rate 13 experimental group; 14 control group13 experimental group; 14 control group

3 questionnaires in Survey Monkey: 3 questionnaires in Survey Monkey: Information-Seeking Behavior (ISB) Information-Seeking Behavior (ISB) Career Exploratory Plans or Intentions Career Exploratory Plans or Intentions

(CEPI) (CEPI) Career Exploratory Survey: Environmental Career Exploratory Survey: Environmental

Exploration (CES-EE)Exploration (CES-EE)

Number of Hours Engaged in Activity (ISB)Number of Hours Engaged in Activity (ISB)

ReadingReading WritingWriting ObservingObserving VisitingVisiting TalkingTalking ListeningListening

ExperimentalExperimental **** 12.412.4 12.312.3 9.99.9 14.414.4 12.912.9

ControlControl **** 0.40.4 0.40.4 1.61.6 10.110.1 1.21.2

Percentages of Respondents who Endorsed Percentages of Respondents who Endorsed AgreeAgree or or Strongly AgreeStrongly Agree (CEPI) (CEPI)

ExperimentaExperimentall

ControlControl

I intend to spend more time learning about careers than I I intend to spend more time learning about careers than I have been.have been.

75%75% 35.7%35.7%

I plan to talk to lots of people about careers.I plan to talk to lots of people about careers. 50%50% 57.2%57.2%

I am committed to learning more about my abilities and I am committed to learning more about my abilities and interests.interests.

91.7%91.7% 71.4%71.4%

I intend to get all the education I need for my career I intend to get all the education I need for my career choice.choice.

91.7%91.7% 85.7%85.7%

I plan to talk to advisors and counselors in my college I plan to talk to advisors and counselors in my college about career opportunities for different majors.about career opportunities for different majors.

100%100% 71.5%71.5%

Percentages of Respondents who Endorsed Percentages of Respondents who Endorsed More More than Averagethan Average or or A Great DealA Great Deal (CES-EE) (CES-EE)

ExperimentalExperimental ControlControl

Investigated career possibilities.Investigated career possibilities. 33.3%33.3% 28.6%28.6%

Went to various career orientation programs.Went to various career orientation programs. 0%0% 28.6%28.6%

Obtained information on specific jobs or companies.Obtained information on specific jobs or companies. 16.7%16.7% 16.7%16.7%

Initiated conversations with knowledgeable individuals in Initiated conversations with knowledgeable individuals in my career area.my career area.

16.7%16.7% 21.4%21.4%

Obtained information on the labor market and general job Obtained information on the labor market and general job opportunities in my career area.opportunities in my career area.

0%0% 7.1%7.1%

Sought information on specific areas of career interest.Sought information on specific areas of career interest. 16.6%16.6% 42.9%42.9%

The Low Response RateThe Low Response Rate

1.1. Saturation of survey requestsSaturation of survey requests

2.2. Holidays and exam preparationsHolidays and exam preparations

3.3. Unseen relevance Unseen relevance

4.4. E-mail issuesE-mail issues

5.5. Lack of timeLack of time

6.6. Technical problemsTechnical problems

7.7. Lack of participation incentiveLack of participation incentive

Implications Implications Career services can be infused Career services can be infused

effectively into FYE-type courseseffectively into FYE-type courses Model reinforced video learning is an Model reinforced video learning is an

example of an evidence-based practice example of an evidence-based practice in career guidancein career guidance

Web-based surveys can present unique Web-based surveys can present unique problemsproblems

The present study merits replication and The present study merits replication and extensionextension

Questions and Comments Questions and Comments

Thank you for your attention and interestThank you for your attention and interest Additional information about this study is Additional information about this study is

available at:available at:

www.fsu.edu.career.edu/techcenterwww.fsu.edu.career.edu/techcenter