USGS Approach to Water Indicators - ACWI · 2008 Heinz Center Report on the State of the Nation’s...
Transcript of USGS Approach to Water Indicators - ACWI · 2008 Heinz Center Report on the State of the Nation’s...
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USGS Approach to Water IndicatorsDonna Myers
NWQMC Steering Committee Meeting December 9, 2008
Reston, VA
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VISION
Try to use EPA and State Data to enhance breath and scope of
water indicators
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Multiple Tools RequiredDesign/Tool Questions they can answer --Probabilisticsurvey
• What percentage of the Nation’s water resources meet the goals of the Clean Water Act?
• What percentage of the Nation’s water qualitygetting better or worse?
Modeling and landscape analysis
• Can we predict water quality conditions in space and time?
• Can we extrapolate from sampled to un-sampled locations?
Targeted monitoring
• What are the causative and associative human and natural factors that effect water quality?
• What is the water quality in a watershed or at a location and is it changing over time?
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Changes with season, over time, and with streamflow
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1992-2001
0
20
40
60
80
100
1992-1998, n=106 1992-2001, n=186
PERC
ENT
OF S
ITES
WIT
H IN
DICA
TED
NUMB
ER O
FCO
NTAM
INAN
TS D
ETEC
TED
IN E
ACH
SAMP
LE
1 or 23 or 45 or more
EXPLANATIONNumber of contaminantsdetected in each sample
Contaminant Occurrence in National Stream Water
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1992-2001
020406080
100
1992-1998,n=106
1992-2001,n=186
PERC
ENT
OF S
ITES
EXCE
EDIN
G IN
DICA
TED
NUMB
EROF
BEN
CHMA
RKS
no benchmark exceeded12 or 34 or more
EXPLANATIONNumber of contaminantsexceeding benchmarks
1992-2001
0204060
80100
1992-1998, n=106 1992-2001, n=186
Human Health Aquatic Life
Contaminants in National Stream Water Exceeding Human-Health and Aquatic-Life Benchmarks
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< 2 mg/L2 to < 6 mg/L6 to < 10 mg/L
10 mg/L or More
1992-2003
>_
Less than 2 mg/L 2 to 6 mg/L
6 to 10 mg/L 10 mg/L or more
1992 - 2003
Nitrate Concentration in Farmland, Forest, Urban, and Grassland Ground WaterPE
RCEN
T OF
GRO
UND
WAT
ER S
ITES
WIT
HIN
DICA
TED
NIT
RATE
CON
CENT
RATI
ON
EXPLANATIONNitrate concentration
0
20
40
60
80
100
Farmland Forest Urban Grassland
FarmlandEcosystem Comparison
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Total Nitrogen(pounds of nitrogen per square mile per year)
Less than 1010 - 599600 - 1,4991,500 - 2,999More than 3,000
2001-20051996-2000
Five-Year Mean-Annual Incremental Yield of Total Nitrogen From Major Watersheds
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Annual Nitrate Load Discharged to Coastal Waters
ANNU
AL N
ITRA
TE L
OAD,
IN T
HOUS
AND
LONG
TON
S PE
R YE
AR
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000YEAR
Mississippi RiverSusquehanna RiverSt. Lawrence RiverColumbia River
Detail
0
50
100
150
1970 1980 1990 2000
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NAWQA site with nutrient-load estimate
Based on
NAWQA sites only
+ 55% + 30%
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on all sites
Prediction Error
NAWQA: 44Other USGS: 174 Other agency: 586(matched to USGS gage)
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Assessment of Total Nitrogen Concentration
Mean concentration, in 2002
> 0.7 mg/L61 %
< 0.7 mg/L39 %
Percent of 72,000 stream miles
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Source Shares Delivered to Sensitive Coastal Areas
Atmospheric depositionAgricultural sourcesRunoff from developed landPoint-source discharge
Mobile BayCape Fear
EstuarySavannah
River Estuary
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NAWQA Ecological Data
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1800 National River and Stream Assessment Sites
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2008 Heinz Center Report on the
State of the Nation’s Ecosystems
BiologicalCommunity
Integrity in Streams
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VISION: Combine USGS and EPA data
Example:Example:
• Combined NAWQA & EPA datafacilitated regional assessmenttool that is broadly applicable (Carlisle & Hawkins, in press)
• NAWQA assessmentsin regional context
• Direct comparisons ofassessments among river basins
• Similar tools developed for Eastern U.S. (Meador et al.,
approved)