USER EXPERIENCE REPORT

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DG304 DESIGNING FOR THE USER EXPERIENCE MANUEL SUAREZ DAVID KAPPE JOANNE PEK

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Transcript of USER EXPERIENCE REPORT

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DG304

DESIGNING FOR

THE USER EXPERIENCE

MANUEL SUAREZ

DAVID KAPPE

JOANNE PEK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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WEEK 1 jordan’s pleasures

maslows herarchy of needs

WEEK 2 diary

case scenario storyboard

WEEK 3 storyboard 2.0

personas

concept story

sessions

WEEK 4 thematic anlalysis

group sessions results

WEEK 5 & 6 final concept story

conclusions

individual reflections

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jordan’s need pleasures and

pleasures of appreciationNeed pleasures are driven by a negative motivation: pre-venting to become discontent. Pleasures of appreciation are driven by a positive motiva-tion: experiencing some extra pleasure, no matter what the current level of the contentment.

Jordan’s pleasures in relation to

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

In Maslow’s hierarchy, the deficiency needs are described, which are strongly related with the need pleasures of Jordan. Namely, the deficiency needs and the need pleasures are both driven by the negative motivation of preventing to become discontent. Except for the need of self-actualization, that is driven by the positive experience, and in that way related with the pleasures of appreciation of Jordan. The need pleasures that belong to the phys-io-pleasures mentioned in Jordan’s frame-work of pleasures, are related with the physiological/biological needs mentioned in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Both the phys-io-pleasures as the physiological needs derive from the sensory organs. Also the need pleasures that belong to the socio-pleasures are related with the belong-

ingness and love needs. These pleasures and needs derive from the relationship with other people. The need pleasures that belong to the psy-cho-pleasures are related with the safety needs, belongingness and love needs and es-teem needs, in which emotions play a role to satisfy them. At the same time, psycho-plea-sures that are pleasures of acceptance, can be related with the self-actualization need, in which cognitional development play a role to derive the need or pleasure. The ideo-pleasure is related with the self-actu-alization need, in the way that people search for competence and autonomy. However, the ideo-pleasure goes beyond the self-actual-ization need, because the ideo-pleasures are also based on peoples values.

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2 DAY DIARY

LEISURE DAY

WORK DAY

Wake up late: Autonomy-independent, pleasure-stimulation.

Go to Decathlon to see shoes: self-actualizing - meaning, security - control, money - luxury, and pleasure - stimulation.

Siesta: autonomy - independence, pleasure - stimulation.

Clean my rooms and living room: autonomy - independence, competence - ef-fectiveness, self-esteem – self respect.

Watch Real Madrid VS Barcelona: influence – popularity, pleasure – stimula-tion.

Wake up very early: Competence – effectiveness.

Spend all morning in presentations/ meetings: competence – effectiveness, self-actualizing – meaning, physical thriving – bodily.

Go to the gym and for a run: autonomy – independence, physical – bodily, pleasure – stimulation, security – control.

Work on assignments: competence – effectiveness, self-actualizing – meaning.

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CASE SCENARIOS

People at home will be able to eat food from all over the world. Food is programmed all over the world and people at home download the programs and print them at home. The programs are community based. Scientists and engineers are probably first adaptors but eventually it should become like cooking when programming. Maybe just doing minor alteration before printing each day. At first, in early stages of the tech, it might just be for special occasions like fondue and stone grilling. You could have Ja-mie Oliver memory cards with his recipes. Dishes would be very special, exiting new textures and taste combinations. Enabling people to taste all parts of the world. Print-ing is still very much a notion that does not directly sound comforting when speaking about food.

Top print chefs will enable you to eat their creations at home. It might not resemble wholesome daily food but it will be very interesting.

True avant-garde gastronomic top restaurants like el-bully use the printing technique to build very special recipes to test the boundaries and limitations of the technique.

Do it yourself restaurant. You will be able to do alterations in dishes before they get printed. You will have an ipad and have curtain levers to edit.

Some sweetshops will build truly inventive sweets. Sweets will cost a bit but they will be editable on commission.

People will do workshops printing their own sweets.

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CHOSEN CASE SCENARIO

People at home will be able to eat food from all over the world. Food is programmed all over the world, and people at home down-load the programs and print them at home. The programs are community based. Sci-entists and engineers are probably first adaptors but eventually it should become like cooking when programming. Maybe just doing minor alteration before printing each day. Dishes would add to currently for households available foods in being very special with exiting new textures and taste

combinations. Enabling people to taste all parts of the world. Printing is still very much a notion that does not directly sound com-forting when speaking about food.

We chose this scenario because, although other scenario’s seem more plausible and nearby in the future, this scenario gets into the daily life experience of the user. Con-fronting people with a truly very different way of having dinner, doing a task that is culturally fixed for some time now.

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STORYBOARD

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STORYBOARD 2.0

After the feedback, I chose to make the first storyboard less specific, by leaving the im-ages of a person at work out. Not everybody works, so people could have difficulties by identifying themselves with the storyboard. I only showed them the image of a person on a bicycle that thinks of food. After the sessions, I learned that even this image could have been less specific. One test per-son did not recognize the situation, because she was never hungry when she ride a bicy-cle. Next time, I would just show a person that thinks of food, so users can add in which situations they feel hungry.

For the second storyboard, I chose to re-place the image of a person with an iPad kind of product. I added an image of a per-son behind a table. I wanted to prevent that people would think of a product the already know: the iPad. I wanted to give them more freedom in which functions the new kitchen machine could have and how the interaction with this machine would be and therefore I showed the image of a person behind an intelligent table.

The storyboards I used in my sessions:JOANNE

STORYBOARD 1

STORYBOARD 2

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Using Joannes experience with her first storyboard, I decided to focus the first part of the storyboard slightly differently. I changed the working environment to a sport environment. The people that I used this storyboard with had sometime experience this type of situation when after making sports they felt hungry, for this it was easier for them to continue with the storyboard and identify them-selves with it.

The storyboard I used in my sessions:manuel

STORYBOARD

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After the feedback, I chose to make the first storyboard less specific, by leaving the im-ages of a person at work out. Not everybody works, so people could have difficulties by identifying themselves with the storyboard. I only showed them the image of a person on a bicycle that thinks of food. After the sessions, I learned that even this image could have been less specific. One test per-son did not recognize the situation, because she was never hungry when she ride a bicy-cle. Next time, I would just show a person that thinks of food, so users can add in which situations they feel hungry.

For the second storyboard, I chose to re-place the image of a person with an iPad kind of product. I added an image of a per-son behind a table. I wanted to prevent that people would think of a product the already know: the iPad. I wanted to give them more freedom in which functions the new kitchen machine could have and how the interaction with this machine would be and therefore I showed the image of a person behind an intelligent table.

The storyboards I used in my sessions:david

STORYBOARD 1

STORYBOARD 2

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comparison different storyboards

JOANNE

MANU david

ADVANTAGES: No extra information about the actions people do before getting hungry, so people could identify themselves more easily.DISADVANTATES: Because the proposed situation is less specific, people could have troubles to imagine themselves in a specific situation. -Not all people could identify themselves with riding a bicycle.

ADVANTAGES: It was a good approach to find out how people would want the device to work, concerning the interface.DISADVANTATES: The shape of the prod-uct is already determined (a table) which reduces the possibilities people do come up with.

ADVANTAGES: The storyboard was a good first try. It led us to the insight of even better personalization of our test.DISADVANTATES: The storyboard shows a person sitting behind his or her desk and cycling home. There are people that cant relate to this everyday scene. Our vision was to get as personal as possible so this was not ultimate.

ADVANTAGES: People do not immedi-ately think of a medium they already know: an iPad. DISADVANTATES: The shape of the prod-uct is already determined (a table) which reduces the possibilities people do come up with.

STORYBOARD 1 STORYBOARD 2

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PERSONAS

JOANNE

Persona 1: The busy business lady Lydia van der Wal30 years oldWorking at the a lawyer’s officeLives in AmsterdamHobbies are reading magazines and chatting with friends on the terrace.

“I want to get good, varied dinners”

Lydia works fulltime at the lawyer’s office in Amsterdam. When she has a busy period, she eats her dinner in the restaurants of Amsterdam. She earns enough money to do so, and she likes to vary dinner. The kitchen in her house is barely used. Cooking is not something she wants to spend much time on. When she cooks, she makes some-thing that needs little preparation time and is easy to make. Her cooking skills are not sufficiently developed to make a more extended dinner and to try out new combina-tions for dinner. If she could get the most delicious and extensive food served, why would she cook by herself?

Values: Independency, efficiency and self-actualization.

Source image: http://www.essentialkids.com.au/preschoolers/preschooler-education/wiggles-shake-up-female-backup-dancer-joins-as-three-members-retire-20120517-1yt3z.html

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PERSONAS

JOANNE

Persona 2: The elderly ladySascha Leinze75 years oldWidow Lives in her apartment in EindhovenHobbies are listening to classical music and to receive visitors like her children and grandchildren.

“It becomes difficult to keep the overview in the kitchen”

Sascha has cooked her whole life. As little child, she helped her mother in the kitchen, and later she prepared food for her own man and children. She has good developed cooking skills and she knows a lot of recipes by heart. Cooking is something that is part of her everyday tasks, and she has good nor bad feelings for cooking. Cooking is something she has always done, and will always do. However, the latest years it be-comes more difficult to keep the overview in the kitchen. She forgets if she already have turned the furnace on and where she has put the saucepan. She feels uncertain about this and does not dare to make her extensive, delicious dishes anymore. She would like to keep preparing her own food, but she has her doubts if she keeps able to do so.

Values: Caring, bonding, connecting, surveyability, independency.

Source image: danrouthphotography.blogspot.com

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PERSONAS

DAVID

The following persona’s are based on almost complete fantasy they have barely any ground in reality in any way. Human values are taken and a story is thought up around them. The shame of it being fictional is that they have to be tested to in any way be powerful input for a design sequence. They will now add to a hypothesis. To verify what is learned from actual user testing.

Peter sees it as the most convenient, and clean kitchen everPeter: “To be honest I hate doing the dishes. My parents would always make us do it and when we had done something bad we would have to do it for a week. I would love to get fully rid of it. Of course I have a dish washer, but I still have to clean the kitchen, the pans and the furnish. But you would probably still have dirty dishes right? Haha… you should also take care of that.”

Jack sees it as ultimate health controllerMy name is Jack “I am kind of an athlete, haha. Did you know I ran a marathon in un-der 2:30?!” So although I am not an absolute top athlete, I need to balance what goes in. I mean, I can really feel it in my performance and in my body when I have eaten Mac Don-ald’s. I try to effectively balance eating just enough proteins, calories, fats and fibers as much as I can. This could be for me the opti-

mal way to have tasty, interesting and chang-ing dishes. I could see my food being a more constant factor in my diet and sporting pro-gram, leading to even better results.

Laura sees it as optimal supporter of cooking abilitiesLaura feels not in control over her own dish-es. The consistency, the combinations of in-gredients, the taste, and textures are often not spot on this frustrates her. She does not have the natural feeling for it and she was not brought up a kitchen princess. Somehow she does not have the urge to put an amazing load of effort in developing her skills. She sees this machine as a solution to easily control this and in this way feeling able to put a good dish on the table for the people she loves. “They will be happy and I will be happy!”Jeroen sees it as ultimate lazyness and feel-ing supportedJeroen has no affection with cooking what-

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PERSONAS

DAVID

soever. He laughingly sais: “I have no special interest in eating veggies and fresh ingredi-ents”. Eating is to be full and serves as fuel as long as it tastes good. “With this machine I would have my own personal chef and I would love it.”

Gerard sees it as help in the kitchen to pro-vide the foodI am older now and I have never cooked for myself. She always did. Now she is gone I can-not develop the skills for it. I always boil an egg. Could this machine enable me to make food for myself?

Suzanne sees it as ultimate relief takes a care out of her hands.Suzanne: Cooking is important because the family deserves a good meal but my work does not allow me to put a lot of effort in it. Sometimes I love to slave away in the kitchen but mostly my interest is with other things. If it were possible that somebody else would cook a good variety of healthy food for us this would be amazing.

Wouter sees it as most special experience every day, the real foodieWouter sees himself as the real nerd, a hob-byist or as he calls it a chef or food engineer. He belongs to the avant-garde and has his own blog. He prides himself in having mas-tered the tool in every single aspect. He can literally sculpt the most wonderful variety of dishes tasting like they come from the mag-ic master el bully himself. “I started cooking in college, it would always be good with the ladys.” He spent many weekends to find the newest ingredients available and the new-est techniques. Also he has a friend who has written a bit programming for him so he can add bubbles to his own special sauce. “Food is very important! So in many ways this is the ultimate creative process.”

Yasmin sees the machine as additional cook-ing device. How can she see it as a full chang-er. Combination between old and new

Marcel sees it as the most ultimate and ful-ly equipped kitchen ever, all tastes, textures, looks possible

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PERSONAS

DAVID

John thinks caring about food is feminine. It is not a job for men. The machine does what he does not need to do.

Person sees it as a way to eat something different every day

Person sees it as ultimate time saver

The personas are not very realistic because they are all based on just one value. There are combinations possible and real life will show these combinations and examples.

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

PERSONAL PROFILE

KK works for a housing agency full time. Often he has to work 7 days a week, depending on how the sales are going. His schedule is very unpredictable. He has been married 2 years and his wife is 3 months pregnant. She works as a nurse and she usually gets home earlier that KK does.

KK enjoys sharing meals with his wife, but with his constant change of schedule he barely can share two or three meals a week with her. He is working hard this year because he wants to get promoted to a position that he can work less and spend more time with this wife and fu-ture baby.

His wife loves cooking but since she never knows when KK is coming home, she usu-ally leaves what she has cooked that day on the table and let his husband see it when he comes. The meal is always cold and not as good as if it was just made.

KK does not like having supper alone, but usually when he comes his wife is already in bed. KK believes that heating his food in the microwave takes the nutrients away from the food, so he has to either put it in the oven or heated up in a pan. This gets KK very frustrated.

Kevin Ketler

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

BACKGROUND

- 30 years old- Comes from a low class family- Believes in hard work- His mother died when he was 15- Likes to spend time with his dad and his wife

ATRIBUTES

- He is not happy with his body since he has no time to work out- He expects his boss will recognise his work soon- He used to play video games, but now his wife beats him in FIFA- Wants to surprise his wife with a meal

he used to prepare when they use to date- He still remembers the smell of fresh cookies made by his mom.

CUSTOMER NEEDS

- Would like a system that he could cook a meal digitally and have it ready the day after for his wife, while he is still at work.- Would like to implement smell in the interface of a digital cooking device.- Would like to have a app in his phone to know what will be his dinner when he gets home and time it so its fresh when he gets home.

Kevin Ketler

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

PERSONAL PROFILE

Mervin used to be a semi-professional tennis player. When he was 12 he moved to a different city to a high performance tennis centre. There, Mervin and 15 other kids had one cook that made them all their meals. After several years, he start-ed traveling with his coach around Europe to play tournaments. At the beginning he loved the room service from the different hotels, but after 3 years of traveling the got sick of it and just had sandwiches for dinner. When he turned 21, the spon-sors went away and he couldn’t afford to keep competing so he moved back to his parents house for one year where all he did was tennis coaching. Now, with the money he saved he moved to London 4 months ago and it trying to learn English to get to the level he needs to get a full scholarship in the US.

BACKGROUND

- 22 years old- Comes from a mid class family- He lives in London with one other friend in the flat- He is starting a relationship, but he doesn’t want to get too attached because next hear he is expecting to go to USA and he heard that American girls are amazing.- He appreciates good food, especially lasagne. But he has no patience to make an elaborate meal.- He does not like vegetables or other green things on the plate.- He always had someone else to cook for him.

Mervin Simpson

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

ATRIBUTES

- Is tired of fighting and often stays home all day doing nothing- He is jealous from his younger sister, he believes that she gets everything she asks and his parents never spend money on him. - He would like to be a good cook, but he doesn’t want to show his parents be-cause he wants them to feel guilty be-cause they never told him how to cook- Whenever he starts to loose control of something, he often turns around and leaves that behind.- He loves watching the cheese get toast-ed when putting a pizza in the oven.

CUSTOMER NEEDS

- Mervin doesn’t want to think too much on what to put on a meal, he would like a system that measures his mood, and depending on how he feels the machine would cook one meal or another.- He would like to have a machine that shows the process when making a meal, transparent material so he can spend time observing the “magic”- He wants a machine that can previous-ly cut the meal in pieces so he does not have to cut anything, just grab and eat, while he watches X Factor.- Since he doesn’t like hovering every time he eats something, he wants the food not to have crumbs

Mervin Simpson

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

PERSONAL PROFILE

Kelli is married to a very powerful busi-nessman. Her husband has accepted a job as CEO of a big company, but unfor-tunately he has to work in a different country. He comes during the weekends to see Kelli and their three daughters. She doesn’t need to work because with the money her husband make, they have more than enough to live a very confort-able life.

Kelli comes from the USA and tends not to trust people very much. She has a girl working full time at her house taking care of the kitchen and the 3 girls. The girls play volleyball with the school team, golf at a private club and they also go to swimming lessons. Kelli spends all morn-ing working out in the gym and running. She likes to be very fit and feeling good with her body.

Now that her daughters are growing up, she doesn’t need a girt to take care of them and the girl she had full time had a better job and left recently.

BACKGROUND

- 41 years old- Comes from a high class family- She loves her husband and have con-stant contact with him through whatsapp- She has always loved to go to expensive restaurants although she does not appre-ciate that much the food, she just likes it show high status.- In important dinners, she always gets a private cooking staff to come to her house and cook.- She is starting to feel interested about cooking since her daughters like to cook pastry in the weekend, when they don’t compete in the sports they practice.

Kelli Robertson

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PERSONAS

MANUEL

ATRIBUTES

- Kelli doesn’t want to hire someone full time just for cooking because she doesn’t trust strangers to come into her house, and is very negative with recommenda-tions from friends.- She wants to know what their daugh-ters eat and if its good for their growth.- After going to the gym, she usually calls a restaurant where they know her and make them cook for her and take the meal to her house just on time when she arrives.- Since she has three daughters and on the weekends they all do different sports competitions, she never gets so eat with all of them, expect some Saturdays for dinner.

CUSTOMER NEEDS

- Kelli wants a system that is synchro-nized with her iPhone that can smartly create healthy and varied food for her daughters. She always wants to keep up-dated with what they eat at school and not to repeat a meal in 10 days.- Kelli would like the system to contact her when she is away, to as her if she approves the meal that their daughters want, the system will only go on if she approves, automatically it shows other several suggestions that are most suit-able for her girls on that meal.- Since Kelli spends most of her time in the car on the weekends, traveling with the girls taking them to competitions, she would like to have a small platform inside the car that can deliver some energetic food with fast digestion for the girls so they can be hydrated and full of energy right before their competition.

Kelli Robertson

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CONCEP STORY

Olle is hanging around on the couch and discovers he is quite hungry and wants to eat something. He wants to make a nice meal, without putting too much effort in it.

Therefore, he walks to a high table. The surface is a screen and is white at first. While he leans on the surface, all kinds of textures and flavors appear on the surface. He can choose what kind of texture and flavor he wants by making “grab” movements in the air above the table. He starts combin-ing the textures and flavors on the table, shapes them and colors them by making the natural cooking movements in the air. He feels in control and feels able to make very nice food. He can develop himself in designing his food more precisely and he can keep making new combinations, which strengthens his creativity. When he is finished with combining and shaping his meal on the table screen, his food design is made in a kitchen device and he starts enjoying his nice meal. He likes that he has his own designed food that tastes good, and did not take too much effort to make.

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PILOT SESSIONSMANUEL

For the pilot sessions I already started using the storyboard. I did the sessions with 5 different users. Instead of having myself telling them what to do I gave them the freedom to design their own 3d cooking machine. My main goal, was to see how they would react and see what where their preferences. The storyboard was half full, so they all could get in the situation and have a better the concept. Since the storyboard was about making sports, all of my users had at some point of the near past gone through that situation. I had very good insights and ideas about how the users wanted to use them and why, this made me realize some of the weaknesses of our concept or some of our strong points. Here I show pictures of the results of the storyboards:

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I recorded two pilot sessions, since I realized that I was missing a lot of information by not recording the first three. Here are the recordings:

USER 1

I ask the user how important is the food he eats every day. For the user the food is a need and does not link it too much as something you can get much pleasure out of.He is more interested if the food is healthy or not, instead of looking for something he enjoys eating. I ask why he doesn’t see the food as something he can get pleasure, he says that of course he gets pleasure but now at this stage of his life where he studies and sports a lot he leaves the “enjoyable” food for special occasions.

He defines his meals just in breakfast, lunch and dinner; the rest is just small snacks. That explains why he would prefer an interface that gives you a starting point of which meal is he going to have.

He likes the feeling of touch screen, but he says that since he does not like to cook that much he would care if he had to do this the rest of his life. I ask if he would prefer to have both experiences, touch

screen but with 3D visuals so he could give them shape. The user just likes the smoothness of the touch screen.

Then, the user draws in the next step a way to choose different ingredients and with different amounts. He says that he would also like to choose the level of cooked each ingredient would have. I ask why does he goes for separate ingredients instead of choosing a whole recipe, he an-swers that in the recipe most of the time he doesn’t really believe all the nutritional facts and by choosing an ingredient one by one he can keep track of that with more precision.

The user does not say much about how the execution of the making the food physical. He just says that he would like it to send the file to the printer machine like a normal file we send to a normal printer so print documents. I ask why does he prefer that, but his answer is not very clear, he says that he cannot imagine oth-er way of creating something made from a digital interface.

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USER 2

I ask the user if she likes and enjoys food, she answers that she loves food. I now focus the next question about what is the favourite tool for her to cook; she says that she enjoys making cupcakes and then put the in the oven.

I as her to start drawing on how the interface would work if she had a big touchscreen to design her own meals. While she is drawing she states that she like traditional rec-ipes but sometimes she gets tired especially on how they look. She does not want to experiment too much with flavours, but with colours and shapes. She also finds it import-ant to have Internet access where you can see other recipes of other people that used the same cooking system. I ask why, she finds cooking a very social experience where can bring people together.

Moving on to the next step, I ask her how would she like her food to be made within this system, she answers that it would be creative in a way that she can physically give shape with her hands to the meal through a 3D hologram with a basic template.

She imagines the machine to be like a big box with a screen on the side that has all the touch experience. This box can be compared with the machine that makes minced meat, that she puts the ingredients on one side and on the other side the final product comes out. I ask why she prefers to place the ingredients herself instead of having the ma-chine make them, she ways that at least there would be some tradition-al experience within the cooking; this is going to the supermarket and choosing the ingredients herself.

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PILOT SESSIONSDAVID

In my pilot sessions I asked people about their current experience with cooking. Their likes and dislikes, in essence what they felt was valuable and not so valuable to them in their current situation. Then working towards the concept asking them about printing food and how they would see this working for them and how they would see daily use.

These are small transcripts of the first sessions.

Student oneHe likes to cook every day. He loves spend-ing time in the kitchen and he loves fresh ingredients. He does not like the thought of microwave meals. He could see himself implementing the machine much like he would do witTh every other cooking uten-sil. He could see himself creating parts of a dish with the printing machine. However he would not like the machine to make his entire dish. This proved for then also due to shortage of information a showstopper working towards an everyday full utensil.

ThemesFresh ingredientsIntegrated in current cookingLiking the cooking processNot having whole dish printedDaily machine as cool extra

Student twoHe really does not like to spend time in the

kitchen and sees it as time that could be spent doing other things. He sees cooking as a chore. He does like microwaved food. He sees it as easy tasty and it makes him feel full. He does not really care about fresh ingredients. He could see the machine be very useful for he could spend no time on cooking and still eat whatever he wanted. The influence in cooking would increase for him.

ThemesBeing able to eat what he wanted, “being able to cook”.Having something different every timeNo time spent on cooking, doing thing he likes,Seeing cooking as a choreNot caring about fresh foodEating for fillDaly machine use is a door to being cooked for and eating tasty food that you choose yourself

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JoanneEnabling competence perspective.She has difficulty with making tasty dishes for herself. She sees the ma-chine as something to help making tasty and good dishes, good every time. She does not like the thought of printed food and certainly not every-day. The quality must resemble current foods. Losing fresh foods is a problem.ThemesEnabling her to serve a good dish, Made wellTastyFresh foodsDaly machine use is not ok because of unnatural not fresh foods

LearnedI learned from these first quick sessions that my approach worked really well. The amount of data and the depth of the answers for just five minutes inter-view is amazing. This was al very un-structured so I would have to improve on this to be able to make a good com-parison between data later on. Also in the next tests I made an appointment and took far more time for the inter-view. I used the questions that seemed powerful in this sessions and I took the approach to personalize the sensitizing story as far as I could to the next ses-sions.

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PILOT SESSIONS

JOANNE

I chose to do a pilot session with a friend, because I had few time to arrange a meeting with another group before I had my real ses-sions. I learned two important things in the pilot session: I formu-lated the concept with the term “intelligent table”. However, the concept was better understood by using the term: A table that could help you with everything during the preparation of food in the kitchen. The other thing I learned was that people found it more easily to first start talking about a dinner that was very nice, instead of a dinner that was less than expected. Therefore, I switched the order of situation 1 (a bad meal) and situation 2 (a good meal when you had to rush) in the interview.

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SESSIONSMANUEL

After my pilot sessions with the storyboard I decided to run interview ses-sions already knowing what I wanted to get out of that interview. The pilot sessions gave me useful information, but it was not very much focused on the purpose of the CCS. The interface was a useful thing to find out but now it was not the best moment to dig deeper into that surface. I did a thematic analysis with the pilot session to have a clearer idea about what was the information I wanted from my users for the sessions. I did two interviews, one with a 24 year old Dutch computer engineering student and the other one with a 40 year old woman that works as a nurse.

SESSION 1Do you want printed food?Depends on a couple of parameters: Is the food still natural? If it’s not natural I don’t want 3D printed food.

What do you call natural?Honest products, with no e-numbers, no additives.

How do you usually cook?I start with two or three ingredients, and then I decide the flavour or taste. I don’t want something with nuts, because of aller-gies.

Is it more important for you the ingredients and the flavours than how the meal will look?Yes, I also like going to restaurant and see nice presented food but most of the stu-dents won’t make his dish look like in a restaurant.

So when you go to restaurants, you give more importance to how it looks rather than its ingredients and how healthy it might be?Yes, when I go to McDonald’s or other restaurants I don’t care about the quality, my expectations regarding quality are lower, but I adapt to that.

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Are McDonald’s burgers still tasty for you even though they are not healthy?They are less tasty than a burger that I will cook at home, but its quick, easy and cheap; those facTTtor also play a role when eating food.

When you go to the supermarket, which are your parameters when choosing your food products?I try to avoid buying these packages that you have to just put water and its ready in a short amount of time.

Then you prefer spending more time cook-ing?I don’t decide the time of cooking; the food decides the time. I don’t care about the time.

What happens when you are in a hurry? Would you still be making self-made elabo-rate dish?Yes, but maybe not spending 2h cooking but 15-30min cooking. That’s possible, the dish will not be as tasty but it will still be good and healthy.

What is the core of you wanting to eat healthy or cooking elaborate dishes?I have a mother that is vegetarian and all her

life she has been buying biological products, my GF is also semi-vegetarian and my sport life have all contributed for caring about healthy food. As a consequence I like to cook.

If your mom or GF wouldn’t have been vegetarian do you think you would still like that type of food?Yes, I think so. But them being vegetarian gives me more possibilities of cooking. Be-cause having them sharing meals with me helps. Maybe if I would have been with somebody that likes fast food I maybe adapt to what they like.

Is your decision based on the people around you?They have a strong influence. If it’s in my house I have complete influence to oth-er people, but when I go to other peoples house I adapt to what they eat.

What happens when you invite people to your house and they bring frozen pizza? Would you eat that?Yes, because I consider that a generous offer and the social aspect behind it is more im-portant that the food.

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SESSION 2

Do you consider food an important part of your life?Yes. Two main reasons why; pleasure I have eating, and I consider it very important to my own health.

Which parameter is more important for you: pleasure or healthy eating?Healthy eating first, a couple of years ago it would have been pleasure. Now when I eat something it has to be because it’s healthy, before I did not care if it was healthy or not.

But you will still be eating things that you like? Or would you eat something that you don’t like the taste but it’s healthy for you?I would always eat something that I like, be-cause the things I don’t like I know I can eat other things with the same nutritional facts.

How do you know that what you are eating is healthy?I know it’s healthy because I buy the ingredi-ents from the supermarket myself having a look at the nutritional facts, I cook it myself and eat it calmly and with a good environ-ment.

Do you prefer buying ready-to-cook food or cooking yourself?I prefer cooking the food myself.

But when you buy cooked food why do you do it?Because where I buy it I know in which conditions the food was cooked, I have seen that they cook with olive oil and specially because they use similar ingredients as I use for cooking.

Isn’t the real reason a matter of saving time? Since you said you prefer cooking food yourself?Yes, the main reason is because I save a lot of time, and also because in my opinion the quality of the food is similar to the one I cook.

Would you the food from a machine that would be able to cook the food that you like, with the quality as you liked and still very healthy?Yes, as long as it’s with the same ingredients.

Then cooking your food it’s not as import-ant as the end result of the dish itself?If I had the choice of not cooking, I would rather do other things as long as the food I eat is the quality and as healthy as I want-ed. I mean, if I had the money to have somebody to cook at my house everyday that would be great. I EAT FOR PLEASURE, I DON’T COOK FOR PREASURE.

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What is the main reason of cooking then? Why spending that much time?I do it for the end result; I don’t enjoy cook-ing as much as the end result, which is a tasty and healthy meal. But if I could, I would have someone to cook for me at home with my ingredients.

When you invite people home, do you buy food or cook yourself?Depends of the level of confidence and re-lationship with my guests, if I have a strong relationship I will cook myself because is a more personal way to show how I care. If my relationship with the guests is not that strong, maybe I would buy some food.

If you are a guest in another house, and you get served not very natural and healthy food would you eat it?I would eat it because if not would be impo-lite.

Do you go often to restaurants? Why?I don’t go very often, the main reason is be-cause the food is bad and the second reason is because even though I don’t cook, it takes much more time than cooking and eating at home.

Do you consider also having dinner out re-lated to social relationships?Yes, Is also one of the reasons why. The so-

cial part is also very important.

When you say that it is not healthy is it be-cause you don’t know what is in the meal?Yes, I like to know every ingredient I eat.

In the daily basis, do you give big impor-tance to variety within your meals?Not really, if its cooking for myself I don’t mind cooking a big meal and having it for 3 or 4 days. When I have to cook for someone else, then I make sure there is enough vari-ety.

When you cook, you cook thinking in the end result? Or you do it to become a better cook every day and improve your skills?I don’t have any challenge to become a bet-ter cook; I do it to have a good meal. I know how I like the meals and I know what I am good at so that’s it. Of course I always try my best but my goal is not to become a better cook.

When you are watching TV and there is a food program, do you watch it to learn new recipes?Yes, I like learning new stuff but its not one of my priorities. Sometimes when there is a conversation about food I am proud that I know certain types of recipes.

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SESSIONSDAVID

The setup for my test was to arrange an in-terview with people. I interviewed two of my roommates and one teammate Manuel. Instead of giving the users a pre-set story I will construct their own story with them. I would ask them about the current equiva-lent of the concept. In our case of printing food this would be cooking also with engi-neered foods like vegetarian meet and eat-ing prepared food like in restaurants, mi-crowaving and MacDonald’s. Questions are then how they go by in general. What the like about this way of doing and what the dislike, what goes well and what needs work, what does not go so well. Also because our concept was to be used in normal day life I would ask them about a ordinary day for them. What do they do and when do they start thinking of food.

Then I would simply feed them back their own story asking them how they would like being cooked for. Using their specific values derived from what they currently like and dislike. Then slowly coming to the point of the fact that the food and the way in gener-al would be different from what they know at this moment and all the other aspects of

the concept where it will differ from their current experience and how they would appreciate that and if not directly appreci-ated if they could see themselves adjusting or finding true breakpoints for using a food printer for normal day life.The first trials to construct people their own stories and letting them think of our envi-sioned future were done just a few minutes after the idea was thought of. These were yet unstructured and uninformed sessions. Later on I realized that the better informed about all the reasons, comparisons and alternative the questioner gets the better it is possible to guide the person down every possibility to do think about the envisioned future. The amount of data you get from this is amazing also how surprizing and signif-icant the data is, is amazing. I think this is because it is very easy for people to identify with their own story. Later on seeing other groups having great problems with finding these results I also think it is because peo-ple think it is easy to think about their own values. It is just them telling you what they like and dislike and they can manage and they find it engaging for you show interest in them.

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The quality of a personal perspective I think is always better because people know their own situation best. Being able to handle a personal perspective with your interviewees depends on the assumptions and the opinion or how judgmental you are. In the presentations people described that elderly people did not like to be called lonely or isolated. This is I think because they do not like this thought about them. Instead it is easy to just describe their situation. A skill is then to not judge them show you accept their situation for what it is. Do not name it but keep an open space around this situation. Then you will create the space for people to talk about their situation. It gave me the possibility to get really personal information.

SESSION 1

Noortje

She really loves cooking and she is very good at it. She loves to experiment with in-gredients, combinations and tastes. She likes the process she really feels it is a cre-ative process where you can fully put your focus on, to set your mind on. In this way she is able to use it as a distraction and a break of things she does for her work. She is very interested in the concept of printing food. She sees herself experimenting with the technique inviting friends to have fun with the machine. However if the machine would take over cooking or even parts of the process for her she is directly put off. She was time and time again asked if the concept would enable her to make even more tasty and creative foods it would work for her but the answer was no because she likes the way it is now she enjoys playing with ingredients to much and I agree that this would probably be compensated in the printing concept. Maybe the concept should focus on people that do not find the current situation so wonderful.

Loves cooking processDaily use is not ok because of loss of tangible cooking

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SESSION 2

SESSION 3

Cas

Cas is an engineer. He has a very busy existence working a job and a university study simultaneously He is also very pragmatic. He sees the food as a possibility. Difficulty’s he might now have concerning the quality of the food will, disappear over time. He sees it for now as a possibility to ease a little of his packed schedule.

Time scheduleFamiliar with printing stuffSees himself adjusting to eating printed food, he would take the time to program for a couple of hours. Way to incorporate other interests with cooking maybe compe-tence.

Manu

Research question: would you like to see yourself eating 3D printed food on a daily bases?

What does a typical day for you look like? Manu has played tennis with Nadal years ago.

For Manu his schedule is important. He knows what he wants to do and he does a lot on a day. Breakfast Manu starts ev-ery day with the same breakfast. He has a stroop wafel and four times of Choco

serials.SchoolSport6:30 chicken filet and cheese sandwichSchoolwork8:30 start cooking Takes 10 minutes Four different dishes always the same Frozen vegetables with chicken, salmon or another Omelette with onions and other things in there

You say you care about the amount of

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time you put in there. Why than do you cook your food and do not take micro-wave food. Because I think fresh food is healthier and I want to be good for my body.

He knows about food though. He comes from a Spanish Bolivian background both cultures where food plays a big role in comparison to the Dutch culture. Also when his girlfriend comes he sais “When my girlfriend comes she has to take everything from the supermarket white wine and everything, she ruins me (fi-nancially) so, I have to eat cheap stuff the rest of the month.” With his girl friend he will spend an hour cooking.

How would you see a machine that pre-pares your food? Well that is just like now. An oven, a mi-crowave and even a pan cook your food. How would you like a machine that makes your food for you? I would like that. Do you want more control? For now

I do not need more control in the pro-cess. What if your food would look more like the chicken filet you eat at the end of the day? Well for me that would be ok. But it depends on the history of a person with food. For instance my mom made me drink fruit shakes and I hated that. My brother makes ultra healthy vegan-istic shakes and I hate them to. What if the machine would know exactly what I ate my whole life, what I liked and what I disliked. It would then be able to make a suggestion shat I would not even know that I wanted to eat but it would be per-fect. Interview ended. In shortManu eats like a sports man. First calling the main sources of proteins, a technical approach of getting the right stuff in the body. He can see the envisioned future be to his likes because it will give him what he wants from food. Fitting in his schedule, healthy, good tasting food for his body.

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SESSIONSJOANNE

Set up of the test: I showed and explained the first storyboard, after which I did an interview with the participant about two situations in the past: the last situ-ation they had prepared a bad meal and the last situation that they prepared a good meal when they had to rush. I also asked the participant to act out the way they had prepared the meal in their own kitchen and speak out loud the steps they did and the thoughts they had. I showed and explained the second storyboard of our concept (in the shape of a table), after which I did an interview with the participants about a situation in the future, where they would have such a table. I also placed a white piece of paper on the surface of the kitchen (the table) and asked people to act out the way they would use the table in the kitchen. They could draw on the paper to show how the table would look like and spoke out loud what the table had to do.

SESSION 1

Marijn Marijn Vos25 years oldWorking as a ZZP’er and designs podia, showrooms and building extensions. Lives in a student house in EindhovenHobbies are dancing hiphop, walking outside and reading books.

Storyboard 11) Herken je je in de situatie? Wat her-

ken je in de situatie? Ja. Ik ga op de fiets boodschappen doen en meestal heb ik dan al honger. Dan bedenk ik me wat ik ga eten. Mijn vraag is om na te denken over de laatste keer dat je eten had bereid waarbij het gerecht minder goed was dan je van te voren had gehoopt. 2) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was?Ik ging bladerdeegflapjes maken, maar ze waren te vochtig, omdat ik de creme

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fraiche er te snel bij had gedaan.3) Wat waren je verwachtingen voordat je begon met eten bereiden?4) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en bes-chrijven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Eerst alles klaar zetten. Samenwerken met Luuk, afstemmenBij afgieten al de kruiden en creme fraiche weg. 5) Wat viel je tegen aan het resultaat van het eten bereiden? Te sappig. Ik nam het mezelf helemaal niet kwalijk dat het mislukt was.

6) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vor-men van je mening over het resultaat? Ik had geen haast, alleen te snel de creme fraiche erbij gedaan. Mijn volgende vraag is om na te denken over de laatste keer dat je weinig tijd had om eten te bereiden en waarbij je zeer tevreden was over het gerecht dat je ge-maakt had. 7) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was?Ik moest dansen. Toen had ik heel snel iets gekocht en gemaakt. Het was in drie mi-nuten klaar.

8) Wat waren je verwachtingen voordat je begon met eten bereiden? Ik had erge honger, dus ik verwachte dat het lekker was. 9) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en bes-chrijven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Alles wat je nodig hebt klaar zettenEerst afwassen van pannen: Dat valt te-gen.Wachten tot het klaar is.

10 ) Wat maakte je tevreden over het resultaat van het eten bereiden? Het smaakte lekker.

11) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vormen van je mening over het resultaat?

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Ik had een simpele maaltijd gekozen, die toch lekker was, omdat ik haast had. Soms neem ik wel heel veel tijd om eten te bereiden. Vind ik ook leuk.

Storyboard 2Stel je voor dat je dit nieuwe keukenapparaat gehad in de eerste situatie die je vertelde 12) Wat zou er anders gegaan zijn? Ik zou niet met mijn vrienden in de keuken hebben gestaan, de avond zou er heel anders uit hebben gezien. Het zou een beetje als een magnetron maaltijd hebben gevoeld. Ik zou tijd hebben over gehouden voor andere dingen. 13) Kan je de situatie in het verleden vergeli-jken met je voorgestelde situatie met dit nieuwe keuken apparaat? Nu had ik het zelf gemaakt, en ook al was het niet helemaal gelukt, het maakte het niet tot een minder geslaagde avond. De avond zou er totaal anders hebben uitgezien. 14) Wat waardeer je in iedere situatie? 15) Wat zijn de dingen die je ongerust maken in beide situaties of die je niet fijn vind?Ik wil graag zelf met mijn eigen eten bezig zijn.

16) Wat zou de toegevoegde waarde zijn van de ene situatie in vergelijking met de ande-re?Tijd voor andere dingen. <-> zelf met mijn eten bezig zijn. 17) Wat zijn de nadelen van iedere situatie? Minder tijd voor andere dingen <-> niet zelf met mijn eten bezig zijn. 18) Welke situatie zou je over het algemeen prefereren en waarom? In welke situaties zou je het concept prefereren?

19) Kan je uitbeelden hoe jij het nieuwe keu-kenapparaat zou willen gebruiken?Een tafel die je ondersteund, en waar je niet per se naar hoeft te luisteren. -Inhoud van de koelkast aangeven, zodat je niet vergeet wat je al in huis hebt.-Recepten aangeven, of laten zien welk recept je kan maken van de verschillende producten-Laten zien welke kruiden erbij passen-Tips tijdens het koken: Hoe kan ik dit het beste snijden? Op deze manier leer je steeds beter koken tijdens het koken. -Wedstrijd van maken: Snij snelheid bij houd-en

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SESSION 2

Lia Vos67 years oldLives as a housewife and is married with an electrical engineer. Lives in a detached house in a little village nearby Helmond: BakelHobbies are working in the garden, sculp-turing and Tai Tsji.

Storyboard 11) Herken je je in de situatie? Wat her-ken je in de situatie? Ik herken me niet in de situatie, want ik zit nooit op de fiets als ik honger heb. Meestal ben ik niets aan het doen en heb dan trek in iets. Mijn vraag is om na te denken over de laatste keer dat je eten had bereid waarbij het gerecht minder goed was dan je van te voren had gehoopt. 2) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was?Ik had een recept uitgekozen en daaraan bleek zeer weinig smaak te zitten. Het was niet pittig.

3) Wat waren je verwachtingen voor-dat je begon met eten bereiden?Ik heb meestal geen verwachtingen, ik probeer het gewoon uit.

4) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en bes-chrijven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Moeilijk alles tegelijkertijd klaar. Tussen-door allerlei stappen doen.

5) Wat viel je tegen aan het resultaat van het eten bereiden? Flauwig. Ik neem het het recept kwalijk.

6) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vormen van je mening over het resultaat? Hier speelde het geen rol.

Mijn volgende vraag is om na te denken over de laatste keer dat je weinig tijd had om eten te bereiden en waarbij je zeer tevreden was over het gerecht dat je ge-maakt had. 7) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was?Vorige week had ik weinig tijd omdat ik naar Tai Tsji moest. Het smaakte omdat ik honger had. 8) Wat waren je verwachtingen voor-dat je begon met eten bereiden?

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Dat het snel klaar zou zijn.9) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en beschri-jven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Ik was blij dat ik alle ingrediënten in huis had.

10) Wat maakte je tevreden over het resultaat van het eten bereiden? Het smaakte goed en het was op tijd klaar.

11) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vor-men van je mening over het resultaat? Nee gebeurd niet altijd. Meestal sta ik één uur in de keuken.

Storyboard 2

Herken je de situatie?12a) Hoe vind je het concept?Het zou lijken alsof je naar een restaurant gaat. Ik zou de tafel soms wel gebruiken om alles klaar te maken, maar soms zou ik het ook zelf klaar maken. Als ik laat thuis ben zou ik vragen of de tafel het klaar maakt.

12b) Wat vind je goed aan het concept en wat vind je minder goed?De tafel kan soms het eten maken als ik geen zin heb. Maar na een tijd zou dat gaan verve-len.

Stel je voor dat je dit nieuwe keukenappa-raat gehad in de eerste situatie die je vertel-de12c) Wat zou er anders gegaan zijn? Ik hou ervan om een beetje te kunnen variëren en tijdens het proces nog wat aan te passen. Dan zou ik er de hele tijd bij moet-en blijven, en dat wil ik niet. Het is wel een voordeel als je haast hebt. 13) Kan je de situatie in het verleden vergelijken met je voorgestelde situatie met dit nieuwe keuken apparaat? 14) Wat waardeer je in iedere situatie? 15) Wat zijn de dingen die je ongerust maken in beide situaties of die je niet fijn vind?Wat voor invloed heeft het op je eten? Ik wil weten wat hij gaat doen, geen magnetron-stand bijvoorbeeld. Daarover wil ik controle hebben. Hij moet goed de groente uitwassen en snijden en hij moet aangeven wat er alle-maal inzit. Overleggen zal moeilijk zijn. Als ik het pittig wil, hoe weet hij dan HOE pittig?. 16) Wat zou de toegevoegde waarde zijn

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van de ene situatie in vergelijking met de andere?17) Wat zijn de nadelen van iedere situ-atie? 18) Welke situatie zou je over het al-gemeen prefereren en waarom? In welke situaties zou je het concept prefereren?Als ik haast heb.

19) Kan je uitbeelden hoe jij het nieuwe

keukenapparaat zou willen gebruiken?Ik schrijf op de tafel wat ik wil hebben, voor hoeveel personen en welke ingrediënten. Dan maakt hij dat voor mij.Later tijdens het echte koken: “Ik vind het altijd zo lastig om alles tegelijkertijd klaar te hebben en welke stappen ik moet nemen. Tafel, giet de rijst even af. Tafel, roer even in de pan.

SESSION 3

Joep Slagter21 years oldStudent Industrial Design. Lives in a student appartment in EindhovenHobbies are building on his car, squashing, drinking a beer with friends.

Storyboard 11) Herken je je in de situatie? Wat her-ken je in de situatie? Ja. Ik fiets aan het eind van de middag wel eens door de straten en ruik allerlei lekkere dingen. Daar krjig ik dan honger van. Mijn vraag is om na te denken over de laat-ste keer dat je eten had bereid waarbij het gerecht minder goed was dan je van te voren had gehoopt. 2) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was?Het valt eigenlijk nooit tegen. Of trouwens,

van noedels word ik altijd teleurgesteld.3) Wat waren je verwachtingen voordat je begon met eten bereiden?Bij noedels denk ik van te voren hmmm, ja. 4) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en beschri-jven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Ik pak de noedels, zet water op. Gooi het bij elkaar. De geur is dan al twijfelachtig, en als ik eet valt de nasmaak me tegen. 5) Wat viel je tegen aan het resultaat van het eten bereiden? De smaak6) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vor-men van je mening over het resultaat? Nee. Het is makkelijk te bereiden, en daarom eet ik het soms. Eigenlijk ben ik geen fan van

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een snelle hap.Mijn volgende vraag is om na te denken over de laatste keer dat je weinig tijd had om eten te bereiden en waarbij je zeer tevreden was over het gerecht dat je gemaakt had. 7) Kan je beschrijven welke keer dat was? Dan moet ik even nadenken, want ik kook pas een half jaar zelf. Als ik kook heb ik bijna nooit haast. Als ik haast heb koop ik meestal snel iets op het station. Maar is bak wel eens een eitje tussen door als ik haast heb. 8) Wat waren je verwachtingen voordat je begon met eten bereiden? Ik heb bijna nooit verwachtingen als ik ga koken. Al weet ik dat het lekker zal worden als ik zout bij mijn omelet doe. 9) Kan je uitbeelden hoe het bereiden van dit gerecht in zijn werk ging en beschri-jven tegen welke zaken je opliep tijdens het bereiden en welke zaken meevielen tijdens het bereiden? Ik zet de pan op het fornuis, doe het vet erin. Soms vergis ik me in welke pit ik aansteek, de knoppen zijn onduidelijk. Dan doe ik de eieren erbij. Ik draai hem om, of ik hussel het door elkaar als het niet zo goed lukt. Dan schep ik het op een bord en ga eten. 10) Wat maakte je tevreden over het resultaat van het eten bereiden? De smaak en het is simpel te bereiden. Ik denk ook dat het gezond is. 11) Speelde de tijd die je genomen had om het eten te bereiden een rol in het vor-men van je mening over het resultaat?

Het duurt even lang als de noedels, en is een stuk lekkerder. Daarom koop ik ook iedere maand nieuwe eieren, en de noedels liggen er al 4 maanden.

Storyboard 2Stel je voor dat je dit nieuwe keukenappa-raat gehad in de eerste situatie die je vertel-de12) Wat zou er anders gegaan zijn? Bij de noedels zou ik de tafel gebruikt heb-ben. Eieren bakken is namelijk verschillende handelingen doen, en noedels is alleen wa-ter erbij gooien. Dat wil ik best helemaal aan de tafel overlaten. 13) Kan je de situatie in het verleden vergelijken met je voorgestelde situatie met dit nieuwe keuken apparaat? 14) Wat waardeer je in iedere situatie? Zonder tafel ben je lekker bezig. Beweging is goed. Ook leer je koken door het te doen. Bij de tafel hoef je niet per se iets te kunnen. Je wint er tijd mee en geeft je meer mogeli-jkheden. 15) Wat zijn de dingen die je ongerust maken in beide situaties of die je niet fijn

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vind?De tafel zou me erg lui maken. Het voelt ook kunstmatig en onnatuurlijk. Waarom zoud-en we perfect eten willen? Het leven is niet perfect. 16) Wat zou de toegevoegde waarde zijn van de ene situatie in vergelijking met de andere?17) Wat zijn de nadelen van iedere situ-atie? 18) Welke situatie zou je over het al-gemeen prefereren en waarom? In welke situaties zou je het concept prefereren?Bij haast zou ik de tafel wel eens vragen om een gerecht voor me te maken. Als ik geen haast heb blijf ik het liever zelf doen.

19) Kan je uitbeelden hoe jij het nieuwe keukenapparaat zou willen gebruiken?Ik zou het fijn vinden als ik mijn afwas op de tafel zet, hij opklapt en het schoon maakt. Ik hou namelijk niet van afwassen.

Ook zou het fijn zijn als ik snel op kon zoeken hoe lang aardappelen moeten koken. Dan zou ik een menu hebben op de tafel, en kan zo informatie zoeken door in te typen en in het menu titels aan te klikken. Er kunnen dan filmpjes starten met uitleg. Die filmpjes moeten wel groot zijn, zodat ik het makkelijk kan zien en niet hoef te bukken. Ook zou het een snijplank, kookplaat en tab-let in één kunnen zijn. Op de tafel staat het recept , wat het voordeel heeft dat het niet als een kookboek tijdens het bereiden vies kan worden. Daarnaast snij je alles. Erboven zet je de pannen neer. De tafel herkent wat erin zit en zorgt dat het precies zo lang kookt en niet aanbrand. Ook kan de tafel voor een prettige ambiance zorgen, door de keuken mooi te belichten. Ik zou ook experimenteren met andere ingewikkeldere recepten, zoals een oosters recept. Er kan namelijk niets mis gaan.

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THEMATIC ANALYSIS

What are the needs, pleasures

or values that play a role when

people prepare food?

Hungry before buying food.Expecting good food because of hungriness.Good experience because of hungriness.Good taste/ good tasteWorking with your handsTouch and smell of foodGetting hungry during relaxation.Hungriness by smelling.Smell influences experience. Taste influences experience.HealthyWorking with your hands.Exercising

Biological need

VARIATION

Thinking which food to eat before buying/prepar-ing it.Trying new things.Adjusting recipes

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Structure/StructureOverview/OverviewNot blaming yourself/ Not blaming yourselfAll ingredients were easily availableFinished on timeAdjusting the idea for the meal during backing.

Biological need

SOCIO PLEASURES

Steps of

preparation

Time not related

with bad result

Working togetherSocial aspectAtmosphere evening

What goes wrong when

people prepare food?

Moving through the steps too fast.Spilling ingredients

Rush did not play a role/ Rush did not play a role.

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DEPENDENCY

personal taste

Expectations

Confusion tools

operating.

Cleaning dishes housemates before cooking

Wrong recipeSpecific ingredient gives a bad result.

Different expectations on forehand.

Confusion in use of a kitchen machine.

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What is the extent to which people are comfortable in relin-

quishing the preparation of food to an intelligent system ?

How would people want to use an intelligent system that

helps preparing food in future?

unnatural feeling/ Unnatural feelingKnow the influence on food.Understanding of working system.HealthyNo need for perfectness.

Natural and

healthy food

Saving time/Saving time/Saving timeRush/RushCleaning

Control/ Control/ControlEasily communicationSafe environment

Take on tasks/ Take on tasksUnderstanding of working system.

Saving time

KEEP CONTROL

Keep the overview

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ServingNot want to cook sometimes.Take on tasks.Buying food if you have to rush.Easy actions can be done by an intelli-gent system.

Serving

Extended memoryExtended information preparing food/ Extended information preparing food. Know the influence on food.Understanding of working system.

Development cooking skillsDevelopment cook skills.

Take on tasks/ Take on tasksUnderstanding of working system.

INFORMATION

Development cooking

skills

Keep the overview

Trying new things.Adjusting recipesMore possibilitiesSafe environment. Experimenting

Variation

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THEMES CONDENSED

Natural and healthy foodSteps of preparationPersonal tasteExpectations

Keep the overviewGet served (negative control)InformationSteps of preparationDependencyConfusion

ChallengesInformationDevelopment Cooking SkillsCompetitionBoringConfusion

Saving timeGet servedEfficient use of space

Get servedGood atmosphereDependency

Biological pleasure

Control

Self-actualization

need

EFFICIENCY

SOCIO PLEASURE

Natural and healthy foodVARIATION

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GROUP SESSIONS RESULTS ANALYSIS

We decided to take the themes that came out of the thematic analysis of Joanne as hypothesizes, because the analyzes of Jo-anne were quite complete. First, we con-densed the themes from the analyzes of Joanne from 24 to 6. We looked at which themes had the common underlying needs, values and pleasures, and chose to take these six needs, values and pleasures as the main themes. In attachment x, we show how the themes are merged. The final themes that contain of values, needs and pleasures

• Biological pleasure• Efficiency• Socio pleasure• Self-actualization need• Control• VariationThe themes, based on the thematic analysis of Joanne, became the hypothesizes. David and Manuel confirmed these hypothesiz-es by checking if their results fitted in the themes or not. The final overview of the themes, in combination with quotes and the consequences for the concept can be found in the exercises of week 5 and 6.

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FINAL CONCEPT STORY

In the first version of the concept story, we inspired Olle (the character in the story) on a person who eats microwave meals nowadays and who find efficiency very important. After the Co-Constructing Sessions, our expecta-tions of giving value to people’s everyday life in satisfying the value of efficiency, is confirmed. See also the results shown in the next exercise. Because our expectations were confirmed, we chose to make the con-cept story of Olle even more focusing on ef-ficiency. We also chose to focus more on the experience of the main character, instead of describing the features of the device. Below, you can find the second version of the con-cept story.Concept story 1:Olle is an electrical engineer student, for who efficiency is important. He likes to chill on the couch and to have no stress. When he comes back from university, he enters is house and puts his stuff on the ground. He

wants to make a nice meal, without putting too much effort in it. He walks to the new kitchen machine, chooses his meal with the interface and waits just a few seconds. He feels in control and feels able to make very nice food within a few steps. His food design is made in a kitchen device and he starts enjoying his nice meal. He likes that he has a quick meal,that tastes good, and did not take too much effort to make.

The Co-Constructing Story sessions and the thematic analysis have broaden our view on the functionality of the concept. The device could not only satisfy the value of efficiency, but also the other 5 values, needs or plea-sures that came out of the thematic analysis. In this way, the device would be valuable for a bigger target group. As example, we made a concept story about Claire, in which the social need and the self-actualization need play a big part.

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Concept story 2: Claire is a young woman, working part time as secretary for the city of Eindhoven. She finds it important to live healthy and to have a rich social network. She has a day off and she starts thinking about the meal she would like to prepare this evening. She walks to the new kitchen machine. She decides to experiment with different ingredients, textures and tastes, and the machine gives her tips and gives her extra cook information. Claire likes that the machine helps her to devel-op her cooking skills. She prints little tests samples of her new creations and tastes it. When she is happy with

the result, she saves her creation dig-itally with the interface. She invites her friends through a social network integrated in the device. Those friends can see what she is going to serve this evening and accept the invitation. When all friends are at Claire’s house, the machine starts to print the meals. Claire uses the time that she saves in being with the friends invited and that way build a stronger relationship with them. Her friends are positively surprised by the taste of Claire’s new creation and she shares the digital rec-ipe her friends through the same social network she used to invite them.

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CONCLUSIONSAs a final overview of our results, we show the themes with related quotes of the Co-Constructing story sessions and show how these themes influence the further de-sign of the concept. We show the demands for the concept, to fulfill the need pleasures of users, and we show the added value of our concept compared with preparing food nowadays, which is related with the plea-sures of acceptance.

Biological pleasure

Quotes:” I want to have natural and healthy food.” “The meal was good, because it tasted good.”“I like cooking, because I can work with my hands.”“The direct touch and smell of the ingredi-ents is important to me.”

Demands for the concept:- A highly inter-sensible interaction with the interface: The touch, smell, sight, feel and taste have to be triggered in the phase of creating the meal. - The printed meals have to be from

good quality, have to be healthy and have to taste good.

Concept creates extra value:- Enabling people to have new taste experiences: new combinations of textures, flavors, taste and shapes. Efficiency

Quotes:“I cook this meal more often, because the preparation consists of a small amount of steps.”“I liked the end result of my cooking, be-cause it tasted good and it did take little effort to prepare the meal.”“When I have to rush, I do not cook, but buy my meal at the station.”“I go shopping once a week to buy micro-wave meals for the whole week. Microwave meals are prepared very quickly, so I do not have to wait too long.”

Concept creates extra value:- The kitchen machine enables people to prepare a meal quickly in a few, simple steps.

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Socio pleasure

Quotes:“When a friend passes by, we cook together and talk about all kind of things.”“I find it important to create a nice atmo-sphere while cooking.”“When I have to rush, I eat alone, because it is faster”

Concept creates extra value:- The kitchen machine enables people to have an overview of which friends are cooking this evening and gives people the opportunity to easily invite friends to have dinner together.- The kitchen machine enables peo-ple to share digitally saved creations with friends. - The kitchen machine enables people to easily cook for big groups of people.- The kitchen machine enables peo-ple to design a meal on forehand, so when friends come in, the preparation time of food can be used to sit together and chat.

Self-Actualization need

Quotes:“I want to develop my cooking skills by trying new combinations of ingredients, and trying new recipes.”“I would like to learn which herbs I could use to make the food more tasty.”

Concept creates extra value:- The kitchen machine enables people to learn about good combinations of ingredi-ents, textures, tastes and flavors by showing tips when people design their meal. - The kitchen machine enables people to learn from others, by sharing digitally reci-pes with friends.

Control

Quotes:“Sometimes, I have troubles to keep the overview of the steps I have to do when I prepare food.”“I want to know exactly which ingredients are used and how these ingredients are pre-pared.”“I want to be able to adjust for example the ingredients during the preparation of my food.”“I like to get my food served.”

Demands for the concept:- The interface have to give a good overview of the preparation steps and the information of the ingredients.- The people have to be able to influ-ence every step in the preparation process. - People have to understand the work-ing of the machine easily.

Concept creates extra value:- The machine can serve a meal within a few steps, so people feel being served.

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- The kitchen machine enables people with little cooking skills to have control over the preparation of their food.

Variation

Quotes: “I like to try new recipes.”“I would like to experiment with differ-ent meals more often.”“When I am in the supermarket, I do not know the recipes for new meals, so I make a meal I already knew.”“I eat the same microwave meal every weak”

Demands for the concept: - The kitchen machine has to en-

able people to vary meals every day.- The kitchen machine has to en-able people to easily print the meals they want to eat more often.

Concept creates extra value:- The kitchen machine enables peo-ple to try new recipes every day. - The kitchen machine enables peo-ple to print meals, created by others. - The kitchen machine enables peo-ple to adjust recipes of others.- The kitchen machine enable peo-ple to digitally save meals they like, and print these meals easily every time peo-ple want these meals.

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PERSONAL REFLECTIONS

JOANNE

Goal: My main goal for B2.2 is to design an intel-ligent system that behaves adaptively on the users’ needs and desires. In the assign-ment Designing for the User Experience, I want to learn theories about influencing the user experience and learn how I could apply this theories in a design process. This knowledge will help me in the project to do research on the user’s expression of his needs and desires.

Reflection:

This assignment satisfied my goals that I had described on forehand. I learned from the pyramid of Moslov, the psychological needs of Sheldon and the pleasures of Gordan what needs and desires people have in general. The theories gave me insight in the reason why I do the things I do, and how a product could add value to the everyday life of a user. In future, I want to think more about the functionality of the concepts in my design process, by

keep asking myself why the concept would add value to the everyday life of the user. I will apply the method of the Co-Construct-ing Stories in my following design process to discover the user’s needs, values and pleasures that play a role in the context of the concept. In future, I would connect the results of the Co-Constructing story sessions to the needs of Moslov, the values of Sheldon and the pleasures of Gordan, rather than translate the results in a con-cept story. In this assignment, I namely connected the results of the Co-construct-ing Stories to the needs of Moslov, the values of Sheldon and the pleasures of Go-rdan. In this way, I discovered which need pleasures the concept had to fulfill and how the concept could create extra value by fulfilling pleasures of acceptance. This method helped me to see which demands the concept had to fulfill and to discover new possible features of the concept. (User Focus and Perspectives, Design and Research Processes)

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The image of the firm’s network for radi-cal innovation from Verganti was a revela-tion to me. On forehand, I was struggling how I could integrate my wish for de-signing for closing the life cycles and the material cycles into my design process. It is a radical innovation to bring products on the market that are produced locally and that can be disassembled to materials that can be recycled without losing qual-ity, or can be biodegraded. As designer, I am not able to make such a product on my own. After seeing the image of Ver-ganti, I realized that I want to talk with people of different disciplines, bring them together and share the different insights, so that new possibilities can be discov-ered. I want to use this insight during my internship in B3.1. During my internship, I want to get to know people from dif-ferent disciplines, talk with people who already take into account closing the life and material cycles in their work field, talk with people who do not take the cycles into account, discover which thresholds play a part in changing the production and design process, and together see new possibilities for integrating a new way of production and designing in everyday life.(Designing Business Processes, Social Cul-tural Awareness)

Within the assignment team, I experi-enced a new way of working together. Normally, I look at the exercises we have to do for the assignment, briefly discuss what the group is going to do and divide the tasks. In this way, the group works efficiently. Within my current team, there was a different approach. My teammates discussed a lot, and did not talk only about subjects that were directly related with the exercises. They took a broader perspective on the assignment. Subjects that seem to be not related with the exer-cises on forehand, sometimes led to new insights for our concept, which took our concept to a higher level. The disadvan-tage was that the approach of this team was very time consuming and that the work of my teammates gave less concrete material to put in the report. Discussions without clear conclusions and future steps are namely difficult to put in the report. From this team, I learned that I would leave more space for discussion in my design process in future. It will bring the concept to a higher level. However, keep an eye on the direction the process has to go and draw clear conclusions after the discussions. (Teamwork and Communication)

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PERSONAL REFLECTIONS

DAVID

When I started with this assignment I have finished my HBO studies with quite extensive qualitative usability research on product level. At the TU/e I followed the assignment user research methods and simultaneous with this assignment I did the user testing assignment.

Overall I can say the assignment gave me insight in:Placing usability in context, knowing how there could be something beyond Academic thinking, thinking out of the usability paradigm. Handling personal data, the value of per-sonal data, tools to obtain and work with large amounts of data.Creating empathyDesigning for value,User involvement

I think as a designer I have grown to see haw valuable it is to keep in mind that what we should do is make tools to create the strongest empathy with

user possible. In line with this we should create ways and find out how to connect to peoples values and what values to connect to.

In one of the lectures it was explained that in market research the publics opin-ion on the possible success or demand of a concept should not always be lead-ing. Some of the greatest innovation like the mobile phone would have not come by if developers and designers would have had listened to the public. Market research in that days showed people did not need a mobile phone for they were fine without one.

A thought on why there could be such a big discrepancy between what people thought they wanted and what they ac-tually wanted was that it is hard for peo-ple to see in the future. People are not in general good at envisioning the future in a truthful way. Also of course nobody can envision the future truthfuly for it is

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the future. As so it is even impossible for people to tell the truth about the past for the description of the past depends on the person that sees it and their angle and perspectives. The future is of course per definition unknown.

The assignment made me think on mak-ing a success of a product. Because it makes designing what people want so tangible. Seeing with my own eyes how different people are when it comes to their values made me see that you just need the right users for your test. I showed me the importance of designing for a group that wants your product. Also you can design your first usergroup by finding just the right people for whoem the value is greatest in your early stages so you can start adding value for peo-ple straight away even in testing phase, maybe even generating revenue from the first moment. This goes in place of me always wanting to create such a good product that everybody should simply love it. Now I know I did not even know what to aim for. I could see myself doing this in a company.

The assignment gave me insight in know-ing what values are closest to the human core, core values. Also showing the value range and how and when they are im-

portant to people. This gives a designer a framework to structure the findings. As a consequence you are able to say some-thing about what products will be suc-cessful. Also being able to see obvious fails if products are just aimed wrong. Trying analyse products from kickstarter did not yet work so well. Enabling me to design for value. Being able to say some-thing about what aim a product develop-ment cycle should have.

This assignment gave me the tool co-con-structing stories to very quickly get pow-erful data on a concept from virtual any user.

Down sides- A lot of work- Long time to arrange- Not sure on data

Advantages- Pictures say more then a thousand words- Large amounts inspiring and personal data

CULTURAL PROBES

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Co-constrUcting stories

Down sidesNo pictures (could do like Joanne and Manu)

Advantages- Large amounts of inspiring and personal data.- Great for finding values- Great for creating empathy- Ability to steer the process during the test. - Forming questions along the way.- Easier to processed and les work to pro-cess data.

Thinking out of the usability paradigm. This is very important for somebody that came from HBO. In this assignment we were shown how to enhance a thought struc-ture so that it fits where you think prob-lems occur. In this case it is obvious that making something usable in general is not good enough. The thing you make usable is more important. This looks obvious but is very powerful. Also the way to deal with collecting the data is very interesting.

It gave me the insight that you can take models like in this instance the usability testing methods and improve on them from a theoretical perspective. In this case

looking at how the professor approached and broke down the problem of only us-ability and going beyond these problems. It was very interesting to see how he was still struggling with the material but also how he made wonderful progress in find-ing ways to do so.

I used the building a concept from values method in my project but you should al-ways keep in mind the functional aspects. My focus was so much on the values that when I discussed my concept with other students they pointed out that I forgot the simple usability factors.

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PERSONAL REFLECTIONS

MANUEL

One of my conditions this semester is related to the UFP competence. Last semester I had a lack of development in the User Focus related part of the proj-ect. The reasons of choosing this assign-ment were pretty obvious because of that, and because I am very curious since it’s my first assignment in the UFP com-petence area focused assignment.

My main goal for this assignment was to try to get closer to the user and try to understand his/her needs and feelings about products.

Throughout the assignment every lec-ture had a high amount of content in the presentations. There was a lot of information to process, especially for me since my development in this compe-

tence was not as substantial as the rest competences.

The basic content of Moslov, Sheldon and Gordan had made me understand the human behaviour and reactions. One good thing that this assignment made me relate and connect the change in design of the products have been by the hand with the change in human society.

Concerning the team, I worked very confortable with Joanne and David. This is the assignment that I have learned the most from my teammates. Their vision on design and their values have also helped me to understand better the assignment and to reflect on things that before I would never had thought.

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