Use of Recycled Glass in Concrete -...
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Use of Recycled Glass in Concrete
as a cement and fine aggregate replacement
Joshua Flanders
In collaboration with Cairns Regional Council, Pioneer North Queensland, and James Cook University
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Coarse
AggregatesWater
14 – 21 % 65 – 80 %
Cement
7 – 15 %
Fine
Aggregates
Second most consumed product in
the world after water
Globally, 25 billion tonnes produced annually
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of global CO2 emissions8%One tonne of CO2
per tonne of cement produced
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Depletion of natural river sands
Costs - collection and transportation
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Recycling of Glass1.5 million tonnes of waste glass per year
60%crushed and sent to landfill
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crushed &
pulverised crushed
Fine Aggregate Replacement
Recycled Glass Sand - RGS
4 mm
Cement Replacement
Recycled Glass Powder - RGP
75𝛍𝐦
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10% 20% 30% 20% 40% 60%
Glass Powder Glass Sand Fly Ash
25%
Constituent Mix Proportion (kg/m3)
GP Portland Cement 336
20 mm Coarse Aggregate 981
4 mm Coarse Sand 632
2 mm Fine Sand 270
Water Reducer 60 mL
Water 163 L
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Particle Size Distribution
Particle Composition and Shape
Specific Gravity
Physical
Properties
GP Portland Cement
Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) Recycled Glass Sand (RGS)
Natural Sand
1 mm
1 mm
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Concrete
Properties:
Fresh
Density
Slump
Glass Powder Workability
Density
Glass Sand Workability
Density
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Concrete
Properties:
Hardened
Compressive Strength
Flexural Strength
Tensile Strength
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
Control 25% Fly
Ash
10%
RGP
20%
RGP
30%
RGP
20%
RGS
40%
RGS
60%
RGS
28 Day Compressive Strength (MPa)
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• Strength development cement replacement higher than control – pozzolanic reaction
• Equal developments from RGS – no pozzolanic contribution
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“Corrosion of steel
reinforcement is
the most common
problem affecting
the durability of
reinforced concrete
structures” CCCA
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Concrete
Properties:
Durability
Chloride
Resistance
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Control 25% Fly
Ash
10%
RGP
20%
RGP
30%
RGP
20%
RGS
40%
RGS
60%
RGS
CH
AR
GE
PA
SS
ED
(C
OU
LO
MB
S)
Chloride Resistance – 28 Day
High
Moderate
Low
Very Low
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Recycled waste
collected
MRF - glass separated
Crushed glass stockpiled
(ready for use)
Glass crushed through series
of machines
Electricity usage:
3.1 kWh/tonne
Crushed glass
pulverised
Electricity usage:
124 kWh/tonne
Life Cycle
Analysis:Environmental
Benefit
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Cement Replacement
Control
10% RGP
20% RGP
30% RGP
Global Warming
(kg CO2 eq)
Eutrophication
(kg PO4 eq)
Ozone Depletion
(kg CFC-11 eq x 106)
Water Use
(m3 H2O)
Fossil Fuels
(kg oil eq)
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Coarse Sand Replacement
Control
20% RGS
40% RGS
60% RGS
Global Warming
(kg CO2 eq)Eutrophication
(kg PO4 eq)
Ozone Depletion
(kg CFC-11 eq x 106)
Water Use
(m3 H2O)
Fossil Fuels
(kg oil eq)
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Cost of Materials ($/tonne)
267.9
216.4
20.3
0.50
38.8
78.8
45.1
GP Portland
Cement
GB Portland
Cement
Recycled
Glass Powder
(RGP)
Recycled
Glass Sand
(RGS)
Coarse Sand Fine Sand 20 mm
Aggregate
Life Cycle
Analysis:Economic
Benefit
Cost of Materials ($/tonne)
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Cost of Concrete Mixes ($/m3)
180
163
172
163
155
175
170
166
Control 25% Fly
Ash
10% RGP 20% RGP 30% RGP 20% RGS 40% RGS 60% RGS
Life Cycle
Analysis:Economic
Benefit
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INNOVATIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT PROVIDING
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
FOR THE TROPICAL NORTH QUEENSLAND REGION
Provide
Education and
Awareness
Reduce Waste
Maximise
Resource
Recovery
Secure our
Future Needs
Advocacy and
Collaboration
Vision – Cairns Regional Council
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Huge potential of using recycled waste glass in concrete
• Glass as a Cement Replacement
• Significant reductions in environmental impacts
• Cost saving
• Strength decreases rapidly as replacement level increases
• Feasible for applications where early strength isn’t critical
Glass as a Cement Replacement • Glass as a Coarse Sand Replacement
• Small reductions in environmental impacts
• Significant cost saving
• Potential to use large amounts of waste glass
• Replacement level up to 60% feasible
• No adverse decrease in strength as replacement level increases
Glass as a Coarse Sand Replacement
Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
Use of Recycled Glass in Concrete as a
Cement and Fine Aggregate Replacement
Joshua Flanders
Questions?