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SLIC WG MACHEX SUB-WG “Use of Portable Ladders”

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USE OF PORTABLE LADDERS

Machex Sub-WG: Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands,

Portugal, Spain and UK.

Machex 2017_12

2018_05_A


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Index

Objective 3

Time Schedule 3

Legal Background 4

Requirements Stated in the Directive 5

References 6

National Practices for the Use of Portable Ladders 10

Index of Acronyms 36

Annex A - Step-by-step Diagram for the Use of Portable Ladders 37

Annex B - Checklist for the Use of Portable Ladders 42

Annex B1 - Examples of National Requirements from EU Member´s and

Norway which may be included in the Checklist 56

Annex C - Examples of Good Practices Regarding use of Portable Ladders, not

included in the WEDIR 59


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Machex Sub-WG: Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands,

Portugal, Spain and UK.

Objective

As agreed at the Machex meeting 2-3 March 2016 (agenda item 8) it was

decided to form a group to produce an informative document with the practices of the Member States, for comparison.

The group is comprised of Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK.

The working group compared the national requirements in force in 24 Member States and Norway.

KSS was used to exchange information between the Member States and the

Sub-WG through a questionnaire. The group decided to prepare two informative documents with the good

practices of the Member States: a step-by-step diagram - see in Annex A, and a checklist for the use of portable ladders - see in Annex B. Both of them are

non-binding guides.

After receiving the national practices from 24 Member States and Norway, the group decided to highlight examples of good practices regarding use of

portable ladders not included in the WEDIR. These requirements may be taken into account in a potential future review of the WEDIR, and eventual revision of

the Member States legislation.

Time Schedule

Work by email / SubWG comments Till 20.12.2016

Work by email / SubWG comments – 2-ª round

Till 25.01.2017

1st SubWG meeting 07.03.2017 (day before Machex meeting)

First Draft – Machex Meeting 8-9 March 2017

Machex Members comments Till 30.04.2017


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Till 15.09.2017

2nd SubWG meeting 26.10.2017


15.12.2017

SubWG Chair will send the document to the Machex Chair for comments from the

Machex Members by 15.02.2018

15.01.2018

Work by email / Chair will send final

document to the subgroup– 5-ª round

28.02.2018

Work by email / SubWG comments 14.03.2018

3nd SubWG meeting 20.03.2018 (morning)

Final document 21.03.2018

SLIC approval 2018

Document available to the public

(Commission website)

End of 2018

Legal background

“DIRECTIVE 2009/104/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 September 2009 concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work (second

individual Directive within the meaning of Article 16 of Directive 89/391/EEC).

ANNEX II - PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT

4. Provisions concerning the use of work equipment provided for temporary work at a height.

4.1. General provisions

4.1.1. If, pursuant to Article 6 of Directive 89/391/EEC and Article 3 of this Directive, temporary work at a height cannot be carried out safely and under

appropriate ergonomic conditions from a suitable surface, the work equipment most suitable to ensure and maintain safe working conditions must be selected. Collective protection measures must be given priority over personal

protection measures. The dimensions of the work equipment must be appropriate to the nature of the work to be performed and to the foreseeable

stresses, and must allow passage without danger.

The most appropriate means of access to temporary workplaces at a height must be selected according to the frequency of passage, the height to be

negotiated and the duration of use. The choice made must permit evacuation


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in the event of imminent danger. Passage in either direction between a means of access and platforms, decks or gangways must not give rise to any additional risks of falling.

4.1.2. Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a height only under circumstances in which, given point 4.1.1, the use of other, safer work

equipment is not justified because of the low level of risk and by reason of either the short duration of use or existing features on site that the employer cannot alter.

4.2. Specific provisions regarding the use of ladders

4.2.1. Ladders must be so positioned as to ensure their stability during use.

Portable ladders must rest on a stable, strong, suitably sized, immobile footing so that the rungs remain horizontal. Suspended ladders must be attached in a secure manner and, with the exception of rope ladders, in such a way that

they cannot be displaced and swinging is prevented.

4.2.2. The feet of portable ladders must be prevented from slipping during use

by securing the uprights at or near their upper or lower ends, by any anti-slip device or by any other arrangement of equivalent effectiveness. Ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude sufficiently beyond the access

platform, unless other measures have been taken to ensure a firm handhold. Interlocking ladders and extension ladders must be used in such a way that

the different sections are prevented from moving relative to one another. Mobile ladders must be prevented from moving before they are stepped on.

4.2.3. Ladders must be used in such a way that a secure handhold and secure

support are available to workers at all times. In particular, if a load has to be carried by hand on a ladder, it must not preclude the maintenance of a safe

handhold.

Requirements stated in the Directive

Number 1 – General Requirements

The most appropriate means of access to temporary workplaces at a height

must be selected according to the frequency of passage, the height to be negotiated and the duration of use.

Number 2 – Ladders used as work stations

Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a height only under circumstances in which, given point 4.1.1, the use of other, safer work

equipment is not justified because of the low level of risk and by reason of either the short duration of use or existing features on site that the employer cannot alter.


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Number 3 – Ladders Stability

Ladders must be so positioned as to ensure their stability during use.

Number 4 – Base and immobilization of the ladder

Portable ladders must rest on a stable, strong, suitably-sized, immobile footing so that the rungs remain horizontal.

Number 5 – Suspended ladders

Suspended ladders must be attached in a secure manner and, with the exception of rope ladders, in such a way that they cannot be displaced and

swinging is prevented.

Number 6 - Access point and the ladder

Ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude sufficiently beyond the access platform, unless other measures have been taken to ensure a firm handhold.

Number 7 – Interlocking ladders and extension ladders

Interlocking ladders and extension ladders must be used in such a way that

the different sections are prevented from moving relative to one another.

Number 8 – Mobile ladders

Mobile ladders must be prevented from moving before they are stepped on.

Number 9 – Secure handhold and secure support

Ladders must be used in such a way that a secure handhold and secure support are available to workers at all times. In particular, if a load has to be carried by hand on a ladder, it must not preclude the maintenance of a safe

handhold.

Number 10 – Prevention of slipping

The feet of portable ladders must be prevented from slipping during use by securing the uprights at or near their upper or lower ends, by any anti-slip device or by any other arrangement of equivalent effectiveness.

References:

2009_104 (n.d.) DIRECTIVE 2009/104/EC OF THE EUROPEAN

PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 September 2009 concerning


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the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work

equipment by workers at work (second individual Directive within the

meaning of Article 16).

Non-binding guide to good practice for implementing Directive

2001/45/EC (Work at a height) (2006).

EN 131-3. (n.d.) - Ladders - User Instructions. Requirements for the use of portable ladders – Doc. 2016-07 – CIRCABC

Presidential Decree 155/2004 (GR).

Presidential Decree No. 778/1980 (GR).

Presidential Decree of 22/29th-12-1933 (GR).

Pres. Decree 1073/1981 (GR).

The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (UK).

Working at Height- A Brief Guide (INDG401 rev. 2, April 2013) (UK)

Safe Use of Ladders and Stepladders – A Brief Guide (INDG455 January

2014) (UK).

Executive order number 1109 of 1992 December 15th Annex I (DK)

ACT (2015) Oficio-Circular n.º 12/DirACT/15 – Utilização de Escadas

Portáteis na Construção Civil e Obras Públicas (PT).

ACT Decreto 41821 (1958) - Regulamento de Segurança no Trabalho da

Construção Civil (PT).

ACT Portaria 53 (1971) - Regulamento Geral de Segurança e Higiene do

Trabalho dos Estabelecimentos Industriais (PT).

Decreto-Lei 50/2005 (2005) – Prescrições mínimas de segurança e

saúde na utilização de equipamentos de trabalho (PT).

Article 7.23a - Working Conditions Decree (NL).

Order of 2012 – P.I: 131/2012 - Code of Practice for Work at Height

(CY).

RD 1215/97, reformado 2005. Reglamento por el que se establecen las

disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud para el uso de trabajadores

de equipos de trabajo. Anexo II - Uso de equipos de trabajos temporales

en altura. (ES).

Convenio Colectivo Nacional para el sector de la construcción (2012),

Capitulo II, Uso de Equipos de trabajo en altura. (ES).

Guía técnica del INSHT para la evaluación y prevención de los riesgos

laborales relativo a la utilización de equipos de trabajo. (ES).

BetrSichV Anhang. (DE).

Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (General Application) Regulations

2007 – Regulations 100. (IE).

Work at Height Regulations Guide. (IE)

Information Sheet - Using Ladders Safely. (IE)

AFS 2006:4 Provisions of the Swedish Work Environment Authority on

Use of Work Equipment. (SE)

http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Retail/Gen_Apps_Work_at_Height.pdf

http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Construction/Using_Ladders_Safely_-_Information_Sheet.pdf


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AFS 2004:3 Provisions of the Swedish Work Environment Authority on

Ladders and Trestles. (SE) - https://www.av.se/en/work-environment-

work-and-inspections/publications/foreskrifter/.

Governmental Decision nr. 1146/2006 regarding minimum health and

safety requirements for the using of technical equipments by workers at

the workplace. (RO)

General Regulations on Use of Work Equipment, approved by the

Minister of Social Security and Labour, on 22/12/1999. (LT)

Safety and Health Regulations in Construction DT 5-00, approved by the

Chief State Labour Inspector of the Republic of Lithuania, on

22/12/2000. (LT)

Rules on health and Safety requirements for the use of work equipment.

(SI)

Royal Decree of 31 August 2005 on use of work equipment for

temporary works at a height. (BE)

Legal reference: Art. 55(3); Art. 57; Art. 58 (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6)

and (7) of Decree No. 10/2016. (IV. 5.) NGM issued by the Minister for

National Economy. (HU)

Ordinance No 2 of 22 March 2004 concerning the minimum

requirements for safety and health at work, carrying out general

construction work. (BG)

"Labor protection requirements working at heights" adopted on 18 March 2014. (LV)

§8a (1) point 4 of the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 30 October 2002 on minimum occupational safety and health requirements

when operating machinery by workers at work. (PL) AM-VO … Arbeitsmittelverordnung (Regulation for work equipment).

(AT)

ASchG … ArbeitnehmerInnenschutzgesetz (Health and Safety at Work Act. (AT)

Government of the Republic established 11.01.2000 regulation „Occupational health and safety requirements for the use of work equipment “which regulates also use of ladders. (EE)

Government Decree on the Safe Use and Inspection of Work Equipment (403/2008). (FI)

In the Construction Sites, the Government Decree on the Safety of Construction Work (205/2009) is being applied (implementing Directive 92/57/EEC). (FI)

In all sectors of working life the Occupational Safety and Health Act (738/2002) (implementing Directive 89/391/EEC). (FI)

Regulation of the Government of the Slovak Republic No. 392/2006 Coll. on the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of working equipment. (SK)

Government Decree No. 362/2005 of the Czech Code Collection (Decree on Detailed Requirements for Occupational Health and Safety in

https://www.av.se/en/work-environment-work-and-inspections/publications/foreskrifter/



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Workplaces with a Danger of a fall from Height or into a Depth, Appendix III – The Use of Ladders). (CZ)

Regulations concerning the Performance of Work, use of work

equipment and related technical requirements of 21. June 2016, chapter

17 Work at Height. (NO)


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Requirements of

Directive 2009/104/EC National Practices for the use of portable ladders - National approach

Number 1 – General Requirements

The most appropriate means of access to

temporary workplaces at a height must be selected

according to the

frequency of passage, the height to be negotiated

and the duration of use.

(UK) Every employer, in selecting work equipment for use in work at height, shall:

(a)give collective protection measures priority over personal protection measures; and

(b)take account of:

(i) the working conditions and the risks to the safety of persons at the place where the work

equipment is to be used;

(ii) in the case of work equipment for access and egress, the distance to be negotiated;

(iii) the distance and consequences of a potential fall;

(iv) the duration and frequency of use;

(v) the need for easy and timely evacuation and rescue in an emergency;

(vi) any additional risk posed by the use, installation or removal of that work equipment or

by evacuation and rescue from it; and

(vii) the other provisions of these Regulations.

(NL) Article 7.23, section 1, Working Conditions Decree - If temporary work at height is

not safe and can be performed under appropriate ergonomic conditions from a suitable

surface, the most suitable work equipment is to be adopted to ensure safe working

conditions and to be enforced. To achieve this, one is required to get collective

security priority over personal protection. One chooses the most appropriate means

of access to the temporary workplace at height depending on the use, the height and the

duration of use.

(CY) According to the provisions of the legislation, the portable ladders can be used


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Requirements of Directive 2009/104/EC

National Practices for the use of portable ladders - National approach

based on risk assessment and only for short duration work with very low risk and where

the existence of technical limitations does not allow the use of other safer equipment.

(DE) The most appropriate means of access to temporary workplaces at a height must

be selected, the height to be negotiated, the kind of use, the duration of use and the

frequency of use.

(IE) An employer shall:

(a) in selecting work equipment for use in work at height give collective protection

measures priority over personal protection measures, and take account of the following:

(I) the working conditions and the risks to the safety and health of

employees at the place where the work equipment is to be used;

(II) in the case of work equipment for access and egress, the distance

and height to be negotiated;

(III) the distance of a potential fall and the risk of personal injury;

(IV) the duration and frequency of use of the equipment;

(V) the need for easy and timely evacuation and rescue in an

emergency;

(VI) any additional risk posed by the use, installation or removal of that work

equipment or by evacuation and rescue from it;


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(VII) the other requirements of this Part, and

(b) select work equipment for work at height that has characteristics, including

dimensions that are appropriate to the nature of the work to be performed and the

foreseeable loadings, allows safe passage, and in other respects, is the most suitable work

equipment, having regard in particular to Regulation 98.

(HU) The same as the original Directive 2009/104/EC. In addition: In case of danger,

the possibility to escape and rescue shall be ensured.

(EE) § 12 section 5, states that ladders may be used as work stations for work at a

height only in exceptional cases under circumstances in which the use of other, safer

work equipment is not justified because of the low level of risk and by reason of either the

short duration of use or existing features on site that the employer cannot alter.

(AT) Leaning ladder: just short time working allowed in space within reach and workers

must be trained, skilled and physically fit (§ 36/6 AM-VO). Stepladder: If standing height

> 3m: just short time working allowed in space within reach and workers must be trained,

skilled and physically fit (§ 37/4 AM-VO).

(LV) According to the Cabinet Regulations the following conditions shall be taken into

account:

- the performance of height, surmountable height and access opportunities to the

workplace;

- the type of work, working conditions and the intended changes;


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- the duration of work and workers frequency of movement;

- durability of work surface, protective equipment installation options, including security point strength as well as specifics of work equipment used;

- flammability, explosiveness, electrical hazards and other risk factors probability;

- rescue possible in exceptional circumstances;

- weather conditions;

- worker’s state of health.

(PL) §8a (1) point 4 of the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of 30 October 2002 on

minimum occupational safety and health requirements when operating machinery by

workers at work: If temporary work at height may not be performed safely and in accordance with ergonomic conditions from appropriate surface, then the most

appropriate means enabling safe access to temporary workplaces at height shall be selected, adequately to: the difference in height, the frequency of passage and the

duration of use of the selected means.

(FI) The employer shall, taking the nature of the work and activities into account,

systematically and adequately analyse and identify the hazards and risk factors caused by the work, the working premises, other aspects of the working environment

and the working conditions and, if the hazards and risk factors cannot be eliminated, assess their consequences to the employees’ safety and health.

(CZ) A ladder may be used to work at a height only if the use of other safer devices is not reasonable and practical with respect to risk assessment or if local conditions related


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to the work at a height make the use of such devices impossible

(NO) Employer shall, when planning and performance of work at height, assess the risk to ensure the work is performed in a safe manner.

The risk assessment shall especially consider that:

a) collective fall protection shall be prioritized before personal fall protection;

b) the work equipment is dimensioned for the work that shall be performed and for predictable loads;

c) scaffoldings are stable and the base have a sufficient load capacity to take the loads that will be charged;

d) the work is carried out according ergonomic principles from a suitable surface. If this is not possible shall the employer chose the work equipment which in a

best possible way maintain safe work conditions;

e) access routes shall be adapted according to how often the employees move,

the period for which it will be used, and the height of the access route;

f) access routes can be used for evacuation in an emergency situation;

g) there must be no risk of falling when moving between the access route and the

work platform, scaffolding decks and gangways;

h) safeguards shall be installed to prevent falls where necessary. Collective fall arrest

guards may only end where access is provided by ladder or stairs.

When it is necessary in connection with a particular task to remove guard rails or other

collective fall protection, safety measures shall be implemented to compensate for this


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before the task is carried out. When the task is finally completed or temporarily

suspended, the collective fall protection shall be reinstalled.

(GR) / (DK) / (PT) / (ES) / (BE) / (SE) / (RO) / (BG)/ (LT) / (HR) / (SK) / (SI)

- The same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.

Number 2 – Ladders used as work stations

Ladders may be used as work stations for work at

a height only under circumstances in which,

given point 4.1.1, the use of other, safer work

equipment is not justified

because of the low level of risk and by reason of

either the short duration of use or existing features

on site that the employer cannot alter.

(GR) The nature of the work that can be done with the use of a portable ladder has been

briefly described in the 2001/45 EC Directive. Regarding especially the construction

works, in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 778/1980, portal ladders can be used in

“light and limited” works as the responsible person has considered provided that this can

be done safely

(UK) Every employer shall ensure that a ladder is used for work at height only if a risk

assessment under regulation 3 of the Management Regulations has demonstrated that the use of

more suitable work equipment is not justified because of the low risk and:

(a) the short duration of use; or

(b) existing features on site, which he cannot alter.

(ES) The use of a ladder may be justified when, as a result of the risk assessment, it

follows that the risk is low. One factor to consider is the type of site in which the work is

to be carried out. For example, a space reduced may be a limitation for the use of another

type of work equipment (guide of INSHT).

(DE) Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a height …only under

circumstances in which:

a) the use of other, safer work equipment is not justified because of the low level of

risk and either the short duration of use and


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b) the result of the hazard assessment is that the work can be done safely.“

(IE) An employer shall ensure that a ladder is used for work at height only if the risk

assessment has demonstrated that the use of more suitable work equipment is not

justified because the level of risk is low, and the duration of use is short, or existing

features at the place of work cannot be altered.

(SE) A ladder may only be used as an access route and for brief work from the ladder.

Work from a ladder may only take place is the risks associated with using a ladder are

so small that other and safer equipment is not justified.

(BG) 2.1. Based on risk assessment and where the choice in relation to the above-said

cases is not justified, it is allowed to use ladders for workplaces at a height for short

duration of the work or in case of existing features on the work site that the employer

cannot alter.

Portable ladders shall be used to carry out general construction work, where :

- it is impossible or inappropriate to use stationary ladders, mechanically driven

ladders, scaffoldings, working platforms and other more comfortable and safer

facilities ;

- there is no ban on their use to carry out the respective type of work in accordance with

Ordinance No 2 of 22 March 2004 ;

- the task does not involve holding of bulky or heavy loads (shuttering, beams,

boards, etc.);

- no loads are carried that are heavier than 0.2 kN (in case of extension ladders –


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more than 0.1 kN), or it is not necessary to hold the load with both hands ;

- they are not placed in the immediate vicinity of openings in floors and walls,

close to sharp protruding objects, open containers with dangerous liquids and

chemicals, etc., due to which the scale of the injuries may increase ;

- the nature of the task does not require simultaneous execution by more than

one person on the same ladder ;

- the weight of the person, using the ladder with or without extra load, does not

exceed its carrying capacity.

(AT) Leaning ladder: just short-time working allowed in space within reach and

workers must be trained, skilled and physically fit (§ 36/6 AM-VO). Stepladder: If

standing height > 3m: just short-time working allowed in space within reach and

workers must be trained, skilled and physically fit (§ 37/4 AM-VO).

(LV) Working at a height, ladders may only be used if the risk to the safety and health is

minimized and where the equipment is used for a short time or working area has specific circumstances those an employer cannot be able to change or modify. Choosing ladders’

type required for work, in addition to the working environment risk assessment, the following factors shall be taken into account:

- surmountable height difference between the base and the working area and the frequency of movement on ladders;

- the duration of the work on ladders and working conditions; - ladders’ load-bearing capacity and the expected workload, including

weight and parameters of mobile materials and tools; - power lines or other electrical existence, which can cause risk of


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electrical shock.

(FI) A leaning ladder may not be used as work platform. The use of ladders must be planned in an appropriate manner. Leaning ladders may only be used as temporary

means of access, for securing and loosening lifting accessories and for other similar one-time work of short duration. The length of the leaning ladder may not exceed 6

metres. The employer must assess the risks involved in the used of ladders and the significance of the risks. Workers using ladders must be provided with training and

instructions on the safe use of ladders and the risks involved in their use.

(CZ) Only short-term works that are not physically demanding may be conducted on

a ladder; hand tools shall be used to conduct the works. Any works that require any use of dangerous equipment or tools (such as portable chainsaws or hand

compressed-air tools) shall not be conducted on a ladder.

(DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (CY) / (EE) / (BE) / (PL) / (RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (HU) /

(SK) / (SI) / (NO) - The same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.

Number 3 – Ladders Stability

Ladders must be so positioned as to ensure

their stability during use.

(GR) There is no specific guideline concerning this matter. For portable ladders settled

in pavements, corridors etc., where there is frequent passage of people, a

manual supplementary support by one or more workers is needed, (Presidential

Decree of 22/29th-12-1933).

(CY) For the installation of portable ladders, the rule regarding the shape 1

(distance) x 4 (height) is a requirement.

(ES) The ladders are placed, as far as possible, at an angle of 75 degrees to the

horizontal.


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(DE) Ladders must be so positioned as to ensure their stability and accessibility during

use. Ladders must be additionally prevented from turning over if so warranted by

the type of work to be performed.

(AT) Ladders must be so positioned as to avoid sliding away and falling over (§

34/2/3, 4 AM-VO). Leaning ladder: tilt must be between 3:1 and 4:1. Length must

not exceed 8 m, except special measures against falling over were taken. The

length of single stepped ladders may not exceed 4 m. If the standing height

exceeds 5 m and no PPE against fall is used, constructive measures to stabilize

the ladder must be taken (§ 36/1 and § 36/7/2 AM/VO).

(BG) Ladders shall be selected by type and size to be comfortable and safe while used.

Ladders shall be positioned in a safe way, guaranteeing their stability and not

allowing their displacement during use. Ladders shall have sufficient strength

and shall be safeguarded, properly maintained and used on the appropriate

locations in accordance with their purpose. Portable ladders shall be used to

carry out general construction work, where:

- the terrain or the floor is flat and non-slippery and it is not necessary to hold

by hand any of the arms of two-armed ladders;

- they are secured against rollover.

(FI) Ladders must be placed in such a way that they stand steadily during the use. Leaning ladders must not be used as work platform.

(UK) / (DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (IE) / (SE) / (BE) / (EE) / (RO) / (LT) / (LV) / (HU) / (PL) / (HR) / (SK) / (SI) / (CZ) / (NO) - The same as the Directive


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2009/104/EC.

Number 4 – Base and immobilization of the

ladder

Portable ladders must

rest on a stable, strong, suitably-sized, immobile

footing so that the rungs remain horizontal.

(GR) According to Presidential Decree of 22/29th-12-1933, portable ladders must either

have anti-slip safety feet at the bottom of their side rails or be firmly supported on the

ground in general, if they exceed the height of 3 m.

(UK) Any surface upon which a ladder rests shall be stable, firm, of sufficient strength and of

suitable composition safely to support the ladder so that its rungs or steps remain horizontal, and

any loading intended to be placed on it.

A portable ladder shall be prevented from slipping during use by:

(a) securing the stiles at or near their upper or lower ends;

b) an effective anti-slip or other effective stability device; or

(c) any other arrangement of equivalent effectiveness.

(CY) According to the provisions of the legislation, the portable ladders must be secured

both at lower and at the upper part in order to avoid slipping or topple during use aced on a

strong, stable, horizontal and non-slippery ground. There must be enough free space around

the ladder.

(AT) Ladders must stand at sustainable ground or at a base, which spreads the load (§

34/2/3, 4 AM-VO).

(DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (ES) / (DE) / (IE) / (BE) / (SE) / (EE) / (RO) / (BG) / (LT)

/ (HR) / (HU) / (LV) / (PL) / (FI) / (SK) / (SI) / (CZ) / (NO) - The same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.


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Number 5 – Suspended ladders

Suspended ladders must be attached in a secure

manner and, with the exception of rope ladders,

in such a way that they cannot be displaced and

swinging is prevented

(DE) Suspended ladders must be protected against being unhooked inadvertently.

They must be attached in a secure manner and, with the exception of rope ladders, so

that they cannot be displaced and so that swinging is prevented.

(BG) Suspended ladders must be attached in a secure manner, not allowing swinging

movements. Suspended metal ladders with a length exceeding 5 m shall be

equipped with protective metal hoops, linked vertically. In case of general

construction work, the use of suspended ladders shall be allowed, by way of

exception, with the permission of the Technical Manager, provided they are

metallic, accompanying documentation from the manufacturer is available and

they are attached in a secure manner, at the upper end, to a suitable structural

component. No use of suspended metal ladders shall be allowed, where the

worker is not safeguarded with a safety harness, attached to a structural

component or to the ladder.

(CZE) A hanging ladder shall be fixed using a safe method and secured against moving or swinging except for rope ladders.

(GR) / (UK) / (DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (CY) / (ES) / (IE) / (SE) / (AT) / (BE) /

(RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (PL) / (LV) / (HU) / (EE) / (FI) / (SK) / (SI) / (NO) - The

same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.

Number 6 - Access

point and the ladder

Ladders used for access

must be long enough to

(GR) All ladders that are used for access to an upper floor or a roof should extend at

least 80 cm above the floor or the roof, as indicated in Presidential Decree of 22/29th-

12-1933. In case of an excavation in a construction site, a ladder must extend at


22



protrude sufficiently

beyond the access platform, unless other

measures have been taken to ensure a firm

handhold.

least 1 m above the edge of an excavation, according to Pres. Decree 1073/1981.

(PT) (DL 50/2005) Ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude at least

90 cm beyond the access platform, unless other measures have been taken to ensure a

firm handhold.

(NL) Article 7.23a, section 2b, Working Conditions Decree - Access ladders must protrude at

least 1 meter beyond the access platform, unless other measures are taken to ensure a grip.

(CY) The portable ladders should exceed at least 1m the landing or the top step.

(ES) Portable ladders for access purposes shall be of the length necessary to protrude at least 1

meter from the work plane accessed.

(EE). Ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude at least 1 meter beyond the

access platform, unless the ladder is permanently fastened.

(LV) Ladders used for access to the workplace at height shall be placed so that the upper part of it extends across the edge of the work platform at least 1 meter at height, if

there is no other safe possibility to hold on.

If the ladders height or it use can cause the risk of falling, the employer shall

equip ladders with the collective safeguards or ensure the use with the personal protective equipment. If the ladders height is more than 5 meters, the work

from the ladders may be carried out only using collective safeguards or collective and personal protective equipment together. If ladders are not

equipped with safety platform or another means of fall prevention are not carried out, it is forbidden to work using the upper last rungs of portable

ladders.

(BG) Ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude beyond the access


23



platform to ensure a firm handhold of the workers using them, unless other measures

have been taken to ensure a firm handhold. To get into and out of an excavation,

ladders shall be placed with a width of at least 0.7 m, so that their upper end

shall protrude to a height of 1.0 m above the terrain.

(HU) A ladder used for access shall be long enough to protrude sufficiently above the

place of landing to which it provides access, unless other measures have been taken to

ensure a firm handhold. In addition: The overhang of the ladder must be at least 1 meter. Legal reference: Art. 58 (3) of Decree No. 10/2016. (IV. 5.) NGM issued by the

Minister for National Economy

(CZ) If ladders are used for ascending (descending), their upper ends shall

overlap the exit (entrance) platform by at least 1.1 m. This overlap may be replaced

using fixed handles or another fixed structural part onto which the ascending

(descending) employee may hold reliably. The ladder inclination shall not be less

than 2,5:1; an unobstructed space of at least 0.18 m shall be behind the rungs

and an unobstructed space of at least 0.6 m shall be kept at the bottom of the

ladder on the access side.

(NO) A ladder used to access a roof, platform or similar, shall extend at least 1 m above the

roof or platform.

When a ladder is to be used for access, it must always be secured at the

top.

(UK) / (DK) / (DE) / (BE) / (IE) / (SE) / (AT) / (PL) / (RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (FI)

/ (SK) / (SI) - The same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.


24



Number 7 -

Interlocking ladders and extension ladders

Interlocking ladders and extension ladders must

be used in such a way that the different sections

are prevented from moving relative to one

another.

(GR) According to PD of 22/29th-12-1933, every extension ladder must be equipped

with a pawl, i.e. a locking mechanism preventing the upper section of the ladder from

sliding backwards.

(CY) Interlocking ladders and extension ladders must be installed and mounted so as not

to slip and wobble. It is prohibited to climb into such portable ladders if the mechanism

that stabilizes the fold of them is not correctly loaded. The portable ladders must not

extend beyond the level specified by the manufacturer.

(EE) §122 section 4 - Interlocking ladder and extension ladder must be used in such a

way that the different sections are prevented from moving relative to one another. Single

ladders must not be tied, clued or connected together using screw or nails

except when it is specified in user’s manual.

(AT) Workers are obliged to use work equipment in a correct way as they were instructed

(§ 15/2 ASchG). Employ (ers) have to take care that manuals for work equipment

are noticed (§ 35/1/2 ASchG).

(FI) Lockable multi-element combined ladders and extendable ladders must be used in such a way that the steps, limiters, joints and locking hooks remain strong and

durable in the working conditions, and that the parts cannot move in relation to each other.

(UK) / (DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (ESP) / DE) / (IE) / (SE) / (BE) / (PL) / (HU) /

(BG) / (LV) / (RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (SK) / (SI) / (CZ) / (NO) - The same as the

Directive 2009/104/EC.

Number 8 - Mobile (LV) Mobile ladders before stepping must be secured in such way that mobile ladders


25



ladders

Mobile ladders must be prevented from moving

before they are stepped on.

cannot move, and to be sure of their safety and stability. It is prohibited to move the

ladders if worker is on.

(BG) Ladders shall be positioned in a safe manner, guaranteeing their stability and not

allowing their displacement during use.

(FI) The risk of movable ladders falling or their legs sliding must be prevented

by fastening their upper or lower end, using a device against sliding, or by some

other means similarly effective. Ladders on wheels must be placed in an immobile

position before stepping on them.

(GR) / (UK) / (DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (CY) / (ES) / (DE) / (IE) / (SE) / (EE) /

(PL) / (BE) / (HU) / (RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (AT) / (SK) / (SI) / (CZE) / (NO) - The

same as the Directive 2009/104/EC.

Number 9 - Secure

handhold and secure support

Ladders must be used in such a way that a secure

handhold and secure support are available to

workers at all times. In particular, if a load has to

be carried by hand on a ladder, it must not

preclude the maintenance of a safe handhold

(GR) According to Presidential Decree of 22/29th-12-1933, workers must not hold

hand tools or other materials while ascending portable ladders, but carry them

in handbags fitted on their bodies. They should not leave tools or other materials on

the ladders’ steps.

(UK) Every ladder shall be used in such a way that:

(a) a secure handhold and secure support are always available to the user; and

(b) the user can maintain a safe handhold when carrying a load unless, in the

case of a step ladder, the maintenance of a handhold is not practicable when a

load is carried, and a risk assessment under regulation 3 of the Management

Regulations has demonstrated that the use of a stepladder is justified because of:

(i) the low risk; and


26



(ii) the short duration of use.

(CY) Even though there is no legal requirement for secure handhold and secure support,

the Cyprus Legislation states that it should be ensured that all persons at work during

ascending or descending to portable ladders must always have three contact

points (1 hand + 2 feet or 2 hands + 1 foot).

(ES) Work done more than 3, 5 meters high, from the point of operation to the

ground, that requiring movements or stresses dangerous to the stability of the

worker, must be carried out if an individual fall protection equipment is used or

other equivalent protection measures. Always the workers must grip the ladder and face

the ladder rungs while climbing or descending. Carry things is forbidden when the

weight of the load or the dimension can compromise the safety of the worker.

(IE) An employer shall ensure that a ladder is used in such a way that a secure handhold

and secure support are always available to the employee and, the employee can maintain a safe handhold when carrying a load unless, in the case of a stepladder, the maintenance

of a handhold is not practicable when a load is carried, and the risk assessment has demonstrated that the use of a stepladder is justified because the level of risk is low, and

the duration of use is short.

(CZ) When climbing a ladder, climbing down a ladder or working on a ladder, the

employee shall face the ladder as well as the employee shall have a reliable

support and a possibility of gripping the ladder safely at every moment.

(DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (DE) / (BE) / (SE) / (EE) / (PL) / (LV) / (HU) / (BG) /

(RO) / (LT) / (HR) / (AT) / (FI) / SK) / (SI) / (NO) - The same as the Directive


27



2009/104/EC.

Number 10 – Prevention of slipping

The feet of portable

ladders must be prevented from slipping

during use by securing the uprights at or near

their upper or lower ends, by any anti-slip device or

by any other arrangement of equivalent

effectiveness

(GR) In addition to the aforementioned in Number 4 Paragraph and concerning portable

ladders which are laid against pillars or horizontal wide pipes etc., their upper

ends must have the appropriate shape or fittings so as to ensure the ladder’s

firm support, e.g. a semicircular shape (Presidential Decree of 22/29th-12-1933).

(CY) During the physical installation of portable ladders a protection at the lower and the

upper part of the ladder should be provided in order to avoid slipping or toppling thus

achieving greater stability.

If the ladder is not adequately stabilized then a second person standing on the

ground holding the ladder is required.

(SE) A ladder or trestle, which cannot be erected securely, shall be braced or

anchored.

To prevent the ladder slipping on the underlay, it is important to choose the right sort of

anti-skid devices. Examples of different types of anti-skid devices for different

surfaces are shown in figure 10 - 1) Slippery surfaces 2) Soft surfaces 3) Rough surfaces.


28



The following types of ladder may be used only if braced or anchored.

- A leaning ladder exceeding 5 m in length;

- A standing stepladder with a platform and knee rest, the platform height being more

than 2 m;

- Any other stepladder exceeding 3 m in height.

(BG) Slipping of the feet of portable ladders during use shall be prevented by securing

the uprights at or near the upper and/or lower ends of the ladders, by any anti-slip device

or by any other arrangement of equivalent effectiveness. Where the said measures are

not applicable, single ladders shall be secured against slipping by a man holding

the ladder from the front or from one side of it.

(CZ) Unless otherwise specified in special legal regulations, only loads of a weight less

than 15 kg may be taken up (down) on a ladder. More than one person may not climb (climb down) a ladder or work on a ladder at the same time. An employee

may work on a ladder only if he/she is in a safe distance from the ladder top. Safe distances shall be as follows: in case of a leaning ladder, the employee´s

feet shall be at a distance of least 0.8 m from the ladder top and in case of


29



stepladders, the employee´s feet shall be at least 0.5 m from the ladder top.

When working on a ladder, the employee shall be secured using personal protective devices against a fall if the employee´s feet are at a height greater

than 5 m. The employer shall ensure that ladders are inspected in accordance with their operating instructions.

(NO) Ladders shall be secured against slipping and falling sideways or coming away from

the structure.

(UK) / (DK) / (PT) / (NL) / (ES) / (DE) / (IE) / (BE) / (EE) / (RO) / (LT) / (HR)

/ (PL) / (LV) / (HU) / (AT) / (FI) / (SI) / (SK) - The same as the Directive

2009/104/EC.

Other prescriptions which are not present

in the Directive

(PT) (Portaria 53/71) : Industry

Ladders must be rigid and constructed of solid materials and free of defects and in good condition.

The wooden parts of the ladders cannot have an opaque finish that covers defects.

Double ladders should not exceed 3m. The double ladders shall be provided with articulated or other systems which prevent their sudden closing, as well as the

opening beyond the angle for which they were intended;

Portable ladders used for access must be long enough to protrude at least 1m

beyond the access point;

The articulation or attachment of two or more ladders shall be prohibited unless

they are constructed with the appropriate devices for the purpose;

It is prohibited to use ladders when surfaces are not horizontal support or don’t


30



offer enough resistance;

(PT) (Decreto 41821/58) - Construction Sector

In the construction sector is legally permissible use ladders:

Only at heights up to 2.5 meters;

In ditches or trenches, up to heights of 6 meters;

At heights over 2.5 meters - without being in ditches or trenches - always

depends on the evaluation of risk exposures, and their use is restricted to

situations where the work does not justify the use of safer equipment

because of the low level of risk, short duration of use or existing features

that the employer cannot change.

(ES) Ladders shall not be used by two or more persons simultaneously. Painted

wooden ladders are forbidden (difficulties to detect defects). In construction sector

only can be used ladders made under standard. It is only allowed to go up or down

facing the ladder.

(IE) An employer shall ensure that where a ladder, or run of ladders, rises a

vertical distance of 9 m or more above its base, sufficient safe landing areas or

rest platforms are provided at suitable intervals where reasonably practicable.

(SE) The Provisions of the Swedish Work Environment Authority on Ladders and Trestles,

AFS 2004:3, are accessible on the SWEA: website https://www.av.se/en/work-

environment-work-and-inspections/publications/foreskrifter/. They contain product

requirements for ladders as well as requirements for use of ladders. The parts regarding

use are placed in sections 10-18. There are some requirements which are not parts




31



of the directive, mainly placed in the sections 12-14 and in section 18:

Section 12 Only a light and manageable load may be handled on a ladder or trestle. A portable

ladder may only be climbed by one person at a time. When working from a ladder or trestle, only such tools and implements may be used as

can be safely handled from the ladder or trestle. Section 13

A ladder and trestle shall be of a length and height suitable for the purpose. When a ladder is used as an access route, access shall be possible in a safe manner. The ladder

shall be sufficiently higher than the platform to be reached with the aid of the ladder,

unless other devices already make it possible to hold on safely. Section 14

A projecting ladder at the top of a standing stepladder may not be stepped on.

Section 18

Ladders and trestles shall be maintained well and continuously inspected.

They may not be used if their mechanical strength or their safety in any other

respect is impaired.

(EE) Others statements from our legislation concerning ladders:

§ 122 Regulates use of ladders.

(1) A ladder may only be used as and how the user’s manual states.

(6) Working standing on ladder is not permitted more than 30 minutes at the

time and not more than 1/3 of the length of the working day. It is forbidden to

stand higher than on third rung or step from the top. Generally, it is not


32



permitted to work on a ladder higher than 5 meters from the ground.

§ 125 section 2 states that an employer guarantees that ladders and

scaffolding is checked according to regulation established 08.12.1999 by the

Government of the Republic no 377 “Occupational health and safety regulations in

constructions” § 7 section 3. Ladders must be checked at least once a month.

§ 7 section 3 of regulations about occupational health and safety requirements in

constructions states that checks for scaffolding, ladders and working platforms

must be carried out before usage in construction site and also if they are

exposed to strong wind, heavy equipment or heavy loads or has not been

used for more than one month. Special attention must be paid to support and

protection formwork.

(PL) Regulation of the Minister of Labour and Social Policy of 26 September 1997 on

general occupational safety and health provisions. In case of works performed from

the ladder at the height exceeding 2 m above the ground or floor, it should be

ensured that workers apply measures against falls from height, appropriate to

the type of performed work, such as safety harness with a lanyard attached to

the solid parts of the structure (§110 (1) point 2).

Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure of 6 February 2003 on occupational safety and

health in construction works. In construction works with the use of a ladder, the following

requirements shall be met:

it is allowed to perform paining work from stepladders only up to the

height of 4 m above the floor level. Ladders shall be secured against slipping

and spreading and their stability shall be ensured (§ 48);

performance of masonry and plastering works from leaning ladders is


33



prohibited (§ 189);

carpentry works may only be performed from ladders if this is done at the

height of up to 3 m (§ 194);

in the course of setting struts, performance of welding works, detachment

of pre-fabricated elements from slings and concreting of contacts, only

mounting platforms or stepladders shall be used.

(LV) Ladders installation, use and dismantling are carried out in accordance with the

employer's and the manufacturer's instructions. It is prohibited to use the ladders on the scaffoldings, and separately as a scaffoldings or a bridge without securing or

without appropriate protective measures with the exception of the ladders included in construction of scaffoldings. Maximum vertical static load on the ladders shall not exceed

the manufacturer's specified maximum load on working position.

(HU) The ladder should be visually inspected before use. Damaged, distorted, incomplete ladder cannot be used. The leaning ladder has to close an angle of

60–75° with the horizontal axis, depending on the type of a ladder. Legal reference: Art. 58 (6) and (7) of Decree No. 10/2016. (IV. 5.) NGM issued by the Minister for

National Economy.

(BG) In case of a highly slippery floor and where it is impossible to secure single

ladders against slipping and rollover, two-armed ladders or platform stepladders

shall be used instead of single ladders.

The following is not allowed:

1. Extension of single or double portable ladders, except where it is provided

for by the manufacturer ;

2. Use in working position of two-armed ladders or platform step ladders, as


34



single ones ;

3. Handling of loads while moving on a ladder, except where it is impossible

or inappropriate to carry them in any other safer manner – using a rope,

lifting devices, directly passing then from hand to hand, etc. ;

4. Moving of a ladder with a worker or objects on it ;

5. Moving of a two-armed ladder with unfolded arms, or with the effort of the

worker on it ;

6. Standing on a ladder on one leg, the other leg hanging to the side or

stepped on another object ;

7. Standing underneath a ladder, on which work is done ;

8. Placing and leaving tools, etc. on the steps of the ladder ;

9. Tossing of handheld power tools, products and the like, to a person

standing on a ladder ;

10. For a ladder to have a step as its lower and/or upper point of

support ;

11. Supporting a single ladder tilted sideways ;

12. Movement and work on ladders, where the steps are coated with

substances or stuff facilitating slipping ;

13. For the person, performing a work operation from a ladder, to take

positions that may bring it out of balance ;

14. Work from a ladder, at a height of more than 3 m from the footing of

the ladder, where the work is performed by a person not fastened with a

safety harness to a robust and secure structure.

In case of general construction work, it is not allowed to use :


35



1. Portable ladders to perform tasks on walls and ceilings at a height of more

than 3.5 m and to lift loads (bricks, stones, etc.);

2. Unstable, moving structures or ones not ensuring stability (freshly painted

or frozen walls, gutters, round columns, masts, pillars, corners of buildings,

pipes, etc.) as an upper point of support to a single ladder.

(FI) In the Construction Sites, the Government Decree on the Safety of Construction

Work (205/2009) is being applied (implementing Directive 92/57/EEC). See especially

section 32.

(NO) Portable ladders higher than 6m shall not be used. Portable interlocking

ladders higher than 4m shall not be used.

In response to the questionnaire on the use of portable ladders - national practices for the use of portable ladders, we

obtained answers from 25 countries.


36

Index of acronyms:

AT – Austria

BE – Belgium BG - Bulgaria

CY – Cyprus CZ – Czech Republic DE – Germany

DK - Denmark EE – Estonia

EN – European Standard ES – Spain FI – Finland

GR – Greece HR – Croatia

HU - Hungary IE – Ireland LT – Lithuania

LV – Latvia NBG – Non-binding guide (Directive 2001/45/EC) (work at height);

NL - The Netherlands NO - Norway

NR – National Requirements (from EU Members and Norway); PL – Poland

PPE - Personal Protective Equipment PT – Portugal

RO – Romania SE – Sweden SI – Slovenia

SK – Slovakia UK - United Kingdom

WEDIR – Work Equipment Directive (Directive 2009/104/EC);


37

Annex A

Step-by-Step Diagram for the Use of Portable Ladders


38


Step-by-Step Diagram


39


FOR ACCESS AS A WORK PLACE

LEVEL 1

IS IT POSSIBLE TO WORK

FROM THE GROUND?

IS IT POSSIBLE TO USE

WORK EQUIPMENT WITH

COLLECTIVE PROTECTION?

IS IT POSSIBLE TO USE

WORK EQUIPMENT WITH

COLLECTIVE PROTECTION?

?

DO YOU HAVE TO CARRY LOAD WITH HIGH WEIGHT /

VOLUME?

YES YES

NO

LADDER MAY

BE SUITABLE –

GO TO LEVEL 2

LADDER

MAY NOT BE

SUITABLE

LADDER

MAY NOT BE

SUITABLE

EXAMPLES: EXTENDABLE

TOOLS, LOWERING THE

INTERVENTION OBJECT, etc.

EXAMPLES: SCAFFOLDS, MOBILE

ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS,

etc.


40

IS THE WORK TAKING PLACE

AT HIGH LEVEL?

IS IT LONG DURATION

WORK?

YES

LADDER

MAY NOT BE

SUITABLE

IS THE WORKING DISTANCE

GREATER THAN ONE ARM´S

LENGTH?

IS THE WEIGHT/VOLUME OF

THE LOAD HIGH?

DOES THE ACTIVITY

REQUIRE A LOT OF EFFORT?

LEVEL 2

DO I NEED FREQUENT

ACCESS?

IS IT LONG DURATION

WORK?

AM I WORKING AT A HIGH

LEVEL?

YES

NO

LADDER

MAY NOT BE

SUITABLE

(National requirements may

apply) (National requirements may

apply)

DOES THE WORK INVOLVE

USING DANGEROUS

EQUIPMENT OR TOOLS?

LADDER MAY

BE SUITABLE –

GO TO LEVEL 3


41

LEVEL 3

USE EQUIPMENT THAT MINIMIZES THE

CONSEQUENCE OF A FALL,

IF POSSIBLE

USE INDIVIDUAL FALL

PROTECTION EQUIPMENT, IF

POSSIBLE

LOOK AT THE INFORMATIVE GUIDE (CHECK LIST) FOR

THE USE OF LADDERS

(National requirements

may apply)

EXAMPLE: SAFETY NETS,

SOFT LANDING SYSTEMS

(National requirements

may apply)

EXAMPLE: FALL ARREST

SYSTEM USING A HIGH

ANCHOR POINT

Available in: http//www…


42

Annex B

Checklist for the use of portable ladders


43

CHECKLIST FOR THE USE OF PORTABLE LADDERS

Examples of conditions that can be verified by labour inspectors, employers and workers, according to their national practices, regarding the use of portable ladders.

WEDIR – Work Equipment Directive (Directive 2009/104/EC) NR – National Requirements (from EU Members and Norway) NBG – Non-binding guide (Directive 2001/45/EC) EN – European Standard (EN 131-3) C – COMPLIANT NC – NOT COMPLIANT NA – NOT APPLICABLE

Check first if the ladder is the proper equipment to be used, following the step-by-step

diagram.

General Requirements C NC NA Comments/photos

WEDIR The most appropriate means of access to temporary

workplaces at height was selected according to the frequency of passage;

WEDIR The most appropriate means of access to temporary workplaces at height was selected according to the

height to be negotiated;

WEDIR The most appropriate means of access to temporary workplaces at height was selected according to the

duration of use;

NR The hazards and risk factors caused by the work

have been identified;


44

NR Measures are defined in the case of any flammability, explosiveness, electrical hazards

and other likely risk factors.

NR

The selection of the work equipment for work at height has characteristics, including dimensions

that are appropriate to the nature of the work to be performed and the foreseeable loadings, which

allows for safe passage;

NR You have considered the distance and

consequences of a potential fall;

NR You have verified whether it was possible to adopt

collective protection measures and, if not, personal protection measures;

NR You have considered the need for easy and timely

evacuation and rescue in an emergency;

NR You have verified the weather conditions (ex.

windy conditions);

NR You have considered worker’s state of health;

NR The workers have training and instructions on the safe use of ladders and the risks involved in their use.

Ladders used as work stations C NC NA

WEDIR

Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a

height only under circumstances in which the use of other safer work equipment is not justified because of

the low level of risk;


45

WEDIR

Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a height only under circumstances in which the use of

other safer work equipment is not justified because of the short duration of use;

WEDIR

Ladders may be used as work stations for work at a

height only under circumstances in which the use of other safer work equipment is not justified because

the existing features on site that the employer cannot alter;

NR The task does not involve holding bulky or heavy loads;

NR The work station is not placed in the immediate

vicinity of openings in floors and walls, close to sharp protruding objects, open containers with

dangerous liquids and chemicals (in which case the scale of the injuries may increase);

NR The nature of the task does not require simultaneous execution by more than one person

on the same ladder;

NR The work on a ladder does not involve dangerous

equipment or tools (such as portable chainsaws or hand compressed-air tools);

NR Work on a ladder is carried out at a safe distance

from the top of the ladder;

NR The weight of the person, using the ladder with or

without extra load, does not exceed its maximum


46

load capacity;

NR You have checked whether there are any power lines

or other electrical elements that could cause a risk of

electric shock;

NR There is enough free space around the ladder;

NR It is not allowed to stand under a ladder while the work is going on;

NR Leaning ladders must not be used as work

platform;

EN131 Use non-conductive ladders for unavoidable live

electrical work.

Ladder used for Access C NC NA

WEDIR

Ladders used for access must be long enough to

extend sufficiently beyond the access platform, unless other measures have been taken to ensure a

firm handhold;

NR Access ladders must extend at least 1 meter beyond the access platform;

NR A portable ladder may only be climbed by one person at a time;

NR You have considered the height difference between


47

the base and the work area and the movement frequency on the ladder;

Ladder Inspection C NC NA

NR The ladder was inspected in accordance with the

operating instructions;

NBG Checks were carried out by a competent person;

NBG Check the attachment of the rungs to the stiles

(tight, rigid assembly);

NBG Check the sound condition of welds;

NBG Check the absence of cracks and knots;

NBG Check if there is no damage to the rungs due to

attachment of the locking system;

NBG Check the condition and attachment of any pull

rope;

NBG Check the condition of anti-splay devices;

NBG Check the condition of anti-slip devices in both the

upper and lower parts of the ladder;

NBG Check if there are detached rungs;

NBG Check the condition of extension attachments on an


48

extension stepladder;

NBG Check the condition of the stabilizing system of a

telescopic ladder;

NBG Check if the wooden ladder is painted;

EN131 Remove any contamination from the ladder, such

as wet paint, mud, oil or snow.

Base and immobilization of the ladder C NC NA

WEDIR The portable ladder rests on a stable footing;

WEDIR The portable ladder rests on a strong footing;

WEDIR The portable ladder rests on a suitably-sized

footing;

WEDIR The portable ladder rests on immobile footing;

WEDIR The portable ladder rungs remain horizontal;

EN131 The ladder shall be on an even, level and unmoveable base.

Prevention of slipping C NC NA

WEDIR The feet of portable ladders must be prevented

from slipping during use by securing the uprights


49

at or near their upper or lower ends, by any anti-slip device or by any other arrangement of equivalent

effectiveness;

NR For portable ladders which are laid against pillars or horizontal wide pipes, etc., their upper ends must

have the appropriate shape or fittings so as to ensure the ladder’s firm support (e.g. a semicircular

shape);

NR To prevent the ladder from slipping into the base, the

right kind of anti-slip devices were chosen, e.g.:

Image from SE

NR If the ladder cannot be adequately stabilized (e.g. it is not possible to secure the uprights at or near their

upper end) then a second person standing on the ground holding the ladder is required;

NBG

If the upper part of the ladder cannot be tied into

place, consider: rubber pads, hooks or rubber facade

rollers.


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Image from NBG

Ladders Stability C NC NA

WEDIR Ladders must be so positioned as to ensure their stability during use.

NR The installation of portable ladder should follow, as far

as possible, the rule 1 (distance) x 4 (height);


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Image from NBG

NBG

If you have to place a ladder in a passageway, on the public highway, etc., taking into account risk of

collision with the ladder, take appropriate measures such as fencing, markings, signs or locking any

doorway. In some cases, a second person should stand guard and/or hold the foot of the ladder so that work

can be carried out in complete safety;

EN131

When positioning the ladder take into account risk of collision with the ladder e.g. from pedestrians,

vehicles or doors. Secure doors (not fire exits) and windows;

NR If the type of work can cause the ladder to rotate,

shift or slide and fall, additional safety measures were implemented;

NBG The ladders is positioned so that worker will not have to overreach. Never reach beyond an arm’s


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length when stretching a hand out to the side (the ladder should be moved if necessary);

NBG Never go beyond the fourth highest rung, so as to

have adequate support during work;

EN131 The ladder shall never be repositioned from

above;

Secure handhold and secure support C NC NA

WEDIR

Ladders must be used in such a way that a secure handhold and secure support are available to

workers at all times. In particular, if a load has to be carried by hand on a ladder, it must not preclude

the maintenance of a safe handhold;

NR During ascending or descending to portable ladders must always have three contact points (1 hand +

2 feet or 2 hands + 1 foot);

NR Whenever possible, workers should not hold

hand tools or other materials, while ascending

portable ladders, but carry them in handbags fitted on their bodies;

NR The weight or the dimension of the load carried will not compromise the safety of the worker;

NR The worker is facing the ladder when he uses it;


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NBG Never climb a ladder two rungs at a time;

NBG Wear suitable boots, cleaned of mud, etc.

Interlocking ladder and extension ladder C NC NA

WEDIR

Interlocking ladders and extension ladders must be

used in such a way that the different sections are prevented from moving relative to one another.

NR The extension ladder is equipped with a pawl, i.e. a locking mechanism preventing the upper

section of the ladder from sliding backwards;

NR The portable ladder does not extend beyond the

level specified by the manufacturer;

NR Single ladders are not tied, glued or connected

together using screw or nails except when it is specified in user’s manual;

NR The steps, limiters, joints and locking hooks

remain strong and durable in the working conditions;

NBG When an extension stepladder is extended, do not climb on the top four rungs;

NBG Do not move from extension stepladder to other

workstations or walkways.


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Mobile ladder C NC NA

WEDIR Mobile ladders must be prevented from moving

before they are stepped on;

NR The mobile ladder will not move if worker is on

it;

Suspended ladders

C NC NA

WEDIR

Suspended ladders must be attached in a secure

manner and, with the exception of rope ladders, in such a way that they cannot be displaced and

swinging is prevented;

NR Suspended ladders are protected against being unhooked inadvertently.

Stepladder C NC NA

NBG The stepladder is fitted with robust locking device;

NBG Before each use, check that the stepladder is in sound

condition (damaged stepladders should not be used).

NBG Position the stepladder correctly with the locking


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devices, and secure it so that it cannot slide or tilt.

NBG In order to use this type of ladder on stairs or a

sloping surface, use sliding extensions and fix them to at least two points on each side.

NBG Erect the stepladder properly and do not climb onto the last step unless there is a safety bridge [rail]

or a securing device.

NBG In places where there is traffic, protect by means of barriers.

NBG Always indicate the presence of workers in an appropriate manner.

NBG Stepladders must not be used as single ladders;


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Annex B1

Examples of national requirements from EU Member´s and Norway, which may be included in the checklist

NR (PT)

Ladders must be rigid and constructed of solid materials and free of defects and in good condition;

NR (ES)

Work done more than 3, 5 meters high, from the point of operation to the ground, that require movements or stresses dangerous to the stability of the worker, must be

carried with an individual fall protection equipment;

NR (PL)

In case of works performed from the ladder at the height exceeding 2 m above the ground or floor, it should be ensured that workers apply measures against falls from

height, appropriate to the type of performed work, such as safety harness with a lanyard attached to the solid parts of the structure;

NR (CZ)

When working on a ladder, the worker shall be secured using personal protective devices against a fall if the worker´s feet are at a height greater than 5 m;

NR

(BG)

Is not allowed to work from a ladder, at a height of more than 3 m from the footing of

the ladder, where the work is performed by a person not fastened with a safety harness to a robust and secure structure;

NR It is not permitted to work on a ladder higher than 5 meters from the ground;


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(EE)

NR

(NO)

Portable ladders higher than 6m shall not be used. Portable interlocking ladders

higher than 4m shall not be used.

NR

(AT)

The length of single stepped ladders may not exceed 4 m. If the standing height

exceeds 5 m and no PPE against fall is used, constructive measures to stabilize the ladder must be taken;

NR (LV)

If the ladders height is more than 5 meters, the work from the ladders may be carried out only using collective safeguards or collective and personal protective

equipment together;

NR (BG)

Is not allowed to use portable ladders to perform tasks on walls and ceilings at a height of more than 3.5 m and to lift loads (bricks, stones, etc.);

NR

(EE)

Working standing on ladder is not permitted more than 30 minutes at the time and

not more than 1/3 of the length of the working day;

NR (CZ)

Only loads of a weight less than 15 kg may be taken up (down) on a ladder;

ECR

(PL)

Performance of masonry and plastering works from leaning ladders is prohibited;

ECR (PL)

In the course of setting structures, performance of welding works, detachment of pre-fabricated elements from slings and concreting of contacts, only mounting

platforms or stepladders shall be used;

ECR (BG)

Is not allowed to use portable ladders on unstable, moving structures or ones not ensuring stability (freshly painted or frozen walls, gutters, round columns, masts, pillars,

corners of buildings, pipes, etc.) as an upper point of support to a single ladder;


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ECR (EE)

It is forbidden to stand higher than on third rung or step from the top;

ECR

(BG)

Is not allowed to move a two-armed ladder with unfolded arms, or with the effort

of the worker on it;

ECR

(BG)

Is not allowed tossing of handheld power tools, products and the like, to a person

standing on a ladder;


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Annex C

Examples of good practices regarding use of portable

ladders, not included in the WEDIR

After receiving the national practices from 24 Member States and Norway, the group decided to

highlight examples of good practices regarding use of portable ladders not included in the WEDIR.

These requirements may be taken into account in a potential future review of the WEDIR, and

eventual revision of the Member States legislation:

1. The ladder should not be placed in the immediate vicinity of openings in floors and walls,

close to sharp protruding objects, open containers with dangerous liquids and chemicals.

2. The work on a ladder should not involve dangerous equipment or tools.

3. Work on a ladder must be carried out at a safe distance from the top of the ladder.

4. In places with electrical hazards, equipment appropriate to that risk must be used, including non-conductive ladders.

5. The ladder should be inspected in accordance with their operating instructions by a competent person.

6. Portable ladders which are laid against semicircular shape elements, their upper ends must

have the appropriate shape or fittings so as to ensure the ladder’s firm support.


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7. The installation of portable ladder should follow, as far as possible, the rule 1 (distance) x 4 (height).

8. The positioning of a ladder in places near a walkway, door, window or vehicles in circulation shall have appropriate measures, such as fences, markings, signs or blocking of windows or

doors. Avoid using ladders near emergency exit.

9. The ladders should be positioned so that worker will not have to overreach.

10. If the weight or the dimension of the load carried compromise the safety of the worker, the ladder should not be used.

11. Do not climb onto the last step of a stepladder unless there is a safety rail or a securing device.

USE OF PORTABLE LADDERS - ispettorato.gov.it · Number 2 – Ladders used as work stations Ladders...

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