Use of fat stores in exerciseUse of fat stores in exercise

amount of fat cellsamount of fat cells

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amount of body fatamount of body fat (kg)/ (kg)/amount of fat/fat cell (amount of fat/fat cell (≈ 0.60≈ 0.60g)g)

- upon diet/training amount of fat/fat cell is lowered but number upon diet/training amount of fat/fat cell is lowered but number of fat cells remains the sameof fat cells remains the same- upon gaining weight amount of fat/fat cell is increasedupon gaining weight amount of fat/fat cell is increased- number and size of cells are largely determined in pregnancy number and size of cells are largely determined in pregnancy and especially during first years of lifeand especially during first years of life

- fat cells before/after 6 months of marathon trainingfat cells before/after 6 months of marathon training- average diameter of a fat cell diminished by 8.6 %average diameter of a fat cell diminished by 8.6 %- average amount of fat/fat cell diminished by 18.2 % average amount of fat/fat cell diminished by 18.2 %

Measurement of amount of fatMeasurement of amount of fat

Fat deposits in exerciseFat deposits in exercise

Triglyserides Triglyserides g g kcal kcal Walking (days) Walking (days)

90009000 81000 81000 10.8 10.8

4.7/5.05 = 0.93

- Increased intensity (power) = - Increased intensity (power) = increased energy consumptionincreased energy consumption- use of glucose and glycogen use of glucose and glycogen is increasedis increased- use of FFA diminishes use of FFA diminishes - use of fat stores is largest use of fat stores is largest during average power during average power productionproduction

- During exercises of low - During exercises of low intensity/long duration use intensity/long duration use of FFA increases all the of FFA increases all the timetime

- endurance exercise endurance exercise increases use of fat increases use of fat stores of musclesstores of muscles- lowering of glycogen lowering of glycogen stores and exhaustion stores and exhaustion start later/at greater start later/at greater intensities of exercise intensities of exercise

Use of proteins in exerciseUse of proteins in exercise

- use of proteins is greatest use of proteins is greatest when there is lack of when there is lack of carbohydratescarbohydrates- while adding amount of while adding amount of muscle one has to make muscle one has to make sure there is enough sure there is enough carmohydrates available carmohydrates available for energyfor energy

Alanine-Glucose-cycle:Alanine-Glucose-cycle:

- Cycle produces appr. 10-- Cycle produces appr. 10-15% of energy needed for 15% of energy needed for exerciseexercise- after 4 hours of work as after 4 hours of work as much as 45% of glucose much as 45% of glucose produced by liver is made produced by liver is made by the cycleby the cycle- endurance training endurance training increases the ability of increases the ability of liver for gluconeogenesisliver for gluconeogenesis