USA Chelauna Morbidity and Mortality

8/4/2019 USA Chelauna Morbidity and Mortality

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The United States of America


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Capital:Washington, DC

Independence Day:

July 4th 1776

Motto:

In God We Trust

Area: 9,631,418 sq km

Developed Country

Melting Pot(Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)


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Population: Over 300 million

Birth Rate:

13.83 births/ 1,000

Death Rate:

8.38/ 1,000

Infant Mortality Rate: 6.14/ 1,000

Life Expectancy at Birth

78.24 (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011)


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Benjamin Franklin

Americas 1st Inventor

Thomas Edison

The Light Bulb

Alexander Graham Bell

The Telephone

George Washington Carver

The Plant Doctor

Henry Ford

Automotive Vehicles (Sechrist, 2009)


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Leading Causes of Death in the US

1. Heart Disease

616,067

2. Cancer

562,875

3. Stroke

135,952

4. Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease

127,924

5. Accidents

123,706


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Cardiovascular Diseases


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Ischemic Heart DiseaseDefinition: includes

arterial diseaseaffecting the bloodsupply to the heart or tothe brain, or to theperipheral regions ofthe body.

A condition in whichthe walls of the arteriessupplying blood intothe heart muscle

becomes thickened.(Frayn & Stanner, 2005)


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Common Diseases of the Circulatory System:

Hypertensive diseases

Ischemic heart disease

Cerebrovascular disease

Diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries

Pulmonary heart disease

Chronic rheumatic heart diseaseAcute rheumatic fever

(Labarthe,2011)


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Risk FactorsAge

Gender

Heredity Socioeconomic Status

Ethnic Group

Smoking

Cholesterol Concentration

LDL

HDL

Blood Pressure(Frayn & Stanner, 2005)


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From 1980 to 2007, the three leading causes of deathhave not changed in rank order.

However deaths from cardiovascular disease have

decreased slightly, while cancer has increased.It is predicted that sometime in the near future cancer

will overtake heart disease as the leading cause ofdeath in the US.

Percent distribution of the five leading causes of death in the US. Number of deaths 1,759,472

(Minino, Xu, Kochanek, &Tejada, 2009)


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Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Prevention of risk factors

Detection and treatment of risk factors

Early identification and treatment of heart diseases

Prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events

Behavior changes

(Labarthe,2011)


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Cancer


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Cancer

Cancer: is a collective term which embraces differentmalignant tumors which may be defined primarily bytheir site within the body or solely by histological type.

Classification: Location of tumor

Histological/cytological appearance

Behavior of tumor

(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)


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Cancer

Common Cancers:

Developed Countries:

Lung

Stomach

Colon/rectum

Prostate

Developing Countries:

Cervix

Uteri

Mouth

pharynx (Kearsley & Morris, 1998)


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Cancer

Risk Factors:

Age

Sex

Race

Socioeconomic Status

Sedentary Lifestyle

Diet

Stress

Heredity (Kearsley & Morris, 1998)


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Cancer Risk Factors

(World Cancer ResearchFund, 2007)


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Cancer Risk Factors

(World Cancer ResearchFund, 2007)


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Cancer

Prevention:

Elimination of risk factors

Avoidance of exposure to UV solar radiation

Avoidance of smoking

Prevent some occupation-association of hazardous exposure

Abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages

Proper monitoring of ones diet Screening

(Kearsley & Morris, 1998)


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Stroke


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Cerebrovascular Disease

The Brain: the most important organ in the body

Decided what it needs to do, when its needs to be done, andhow it should be done.

It then sends the relevant instructions down the spinal cordand to the appropriate nerve endings.

(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)


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A stroke occurs when the brain is damaged as a resultof insufficient blood supply.

Because each part of the brain is responsible for a

particular function, the symptoms will depend onwhich part of the bran was deprived of its normalblood supply.

Blood clot

Hemorrhage

(Rudd, Irwin, & Penhale, 2000)


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Struck suddenly with violence

Strokes cause more prolonged disability then anyother medical condition

Unable to:Speak or Write

Understand the speech of others

Move an arm or leg

Stand, Walk or Balance

Hear, See or Feel

Remember

(Caplan, 2006)


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Someone has a stroke every 45 seconds and dies every3 minutes

Stoke is the third leading cause of death in most

countries around the worldIn the US nearly 750,000 individuals will have a

stroke and 150,000 will die from a stroke each year

90,000 women

60,000 men

More common in people over 65 years, but can occurat any age

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood

Types: Hemorrhage

Bleeding inside the skull, either into the brain or into the fluidsurrounding the brain

Ischemia

Not enough blood supply to allow continued normal functioning ofthe affected brain tissue

(Caplan, 2006)


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Medical Conditions thatLead to Strokes:

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of the

arteries resulting fromthe development ofplaques on the inside ofthe arteries

Hypertension

High blood pressure

Arterial Dissection

Tear in the artery

Fibromuscular Dysplasia (Caplan, 2006)


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Hypertension

Smoking

Diabetes

Elevated cholesterol

High LDL

Sedentary lifestyle

Poor diet

Advancing age

Obesity(Hreib,2009)


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Summary


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Racial and Ethnic Community Estimates

(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)


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National Heart Disease and Stroke


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National Heart Disease and StrokePrevention Program

Increase awareness of the warning signs andsymptoms of heart attack and stroke and theimportance of calling 911 immediately

Improve emergency response and quality of careEliminate health disparities among racial and ethnic

minority populations

Evaluation

Monitoring and tracking disease

Training and technical assistance

Translating science into practice

Partnership


State Activities for Heart Disease and Stroke


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State Activities for Heart Disease and StrokePrevention

Promote heart-healthy and stroke free worksitepolicies and programs, such as smoke-free

workplaces, wellness programs, and insurancecoverage of preventive health services for employees.

Work with health care providers to make systemschanges, such as automated reminders from providersto patients, that help increase the number of people

who bring their blood pressure under control.

Coordinate stroke prevention efforts to ensure thatsystems of care provide the highest quality of strokecare for all

Promote training and standard protocols for(Center for Disease and Control andPrevention, 2010)


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Ongoing Cancer Prevention and Control

Monitoring

Collection of data on incidence and deaths, cancer risk factors,the use of screening tests, and cancer trends

Conducting research and evaluation To help the cancer community better understand the factors

that increase the risk of cancers and evaluation of feasibleeffective strategies designed to prevent and control cancer

Building capacity and partnership To translate research into public health programs, practices

and services; to ensure that innovations reach the populations;to build the capacity to apply scientific advances to developstrong cancer control programs

(Center for Disease Control andPrevention, 2010)


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Future Strives

Collaborate with partners, policy makers, and otherindividuals and groups working to ease the burden ofcancer in the United States and abroad

Expand the use of information technology in cancersurveillance, particularly in cancer registries

Improve the cost-effectiveness of the National Breastand Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

Expand CDCs role in addressing public healthstrategies to increase survivorship in underservedpopulations and improve end-of-life support forcancer patients, families, friends, and caregivers

(Center for Disease Control and

Prevention, 2010)


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THE END!!!


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References

Caplan, L. R. (2006).Stroke. New York, NY: AmericanAcademy of Neurology.

Carson, B. (1990). Gifted Hands. Grand Rapids, MI:

Review and Herald Publishing Association.Center for Disease and Control and Prevention. (2010,March 15).Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.Retrieved February 6, 2011, from Heart Disease and

Stroke Prevention:http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/dhdsp.htm

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010,

USA Chelauna Morbidity and Mortality

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