US8000000.pdf

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 (12) United States Patent Greenberg t a]. US008000000B2 US 8,000,000 B2 *Aug. 16, 2011 10) Patent N0.: 45) Date of Patent: 54) 75) 73) (*) 21) 22) 65) 60) 51) 52) 58) 56) VISUAL PROSTHESIS Inventors: Robert . Greenberg, Los Angeles, CA (US); Kelly H. McClure, Simi Valley, CA US); Arup Roy, Valencia, C A US) Assignee: Second Sight Medical Products, Inc., Sylmar, C A US) Notice: Subject t o any disclaimer, the term o f his patent i s extended or adjusted under 35 USC 54(b) b y 206 days. This patent is subject t o a terminal dis claimer. Appl. N0.: 11/874,690 Filed: Oct. 18, 2007 Prior Publication Data US 008/0262568 A1 Oct. 23, 2008 Related US. pplication Data Provisional application No. 60/852,875, ?led on Oct. 19, 2006. Int. Cl. A61N / 3 72 (2006.01) US. l. .......................................... .. 607/60; 607/53 Field of Classi?cation Search ............... . . 623/663; 607/5, 17, 53457, 62, 6 0 See application ?le for complete search history. References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,837,049 A 6/1989 Byers e t al. 5,109,844 A 5/1992 de Juan, Jr. e t al. 5,215,088 A 6/1993 Normann t al. 5,569,307 A * 10/1996 Schulman t a1. ............ . . 607/56 5,935,155 A 8/1999 Humayun t al. 6,400,989 B1 6/2002 Eckmiller 6,458,157 B1* 10/2002 Suaning . . 623/663 7,818,061 B1* 10/2010 Palmer 607/32 2005/0078846 A1* 4/2005 Single ......................... . . 381/326 2006/0247754 A1 11/2006 Greenberg e t al. FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS W0 WO 2/40095 A1 5/2002 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Eugene D e uan, Retinal Tacks, American Journal of Ophthalmology 99: pp. 272-274, Mar. 1985. * cited b y examiner Primary Examiner arl H Layno Assistant Examiner * uther Behringer (74) Attorney, Agent, o r FirmiScott B. Dunbar; Alessandro Stein? 57) ABSTRACT A isual prosthesis apparatus and a method or limiting poWer consumption i n a visual prosthesis apparatus. The visual prosthesis apparatus comprises a camera for capturing a video image, a video processing unit associated With the camera, the video processing unit con?gured t o convert the video image to stimulation patterns, and a retinal stimulation system con?gured to stop stimulating neural tissue in a sub ject’s eye based o n the stimulation patterns When an error i s detected in a forward telemet ry received from the video pro cessing unit. 4,573,481 A 3/1986 Bullara 4,612,934 A * 9/1986 Borkan ......................... . . 607/62 4,628,933 A 12/1986 Michelson 1 2 Claims, 16 Drawing Sheets 900 \ s01 DID RETINAL STIMULATION SYSTEM TRANSMIT BACK TELEMQETR’Y 902 / PROVIDE POWER AND DATA TO THE RETINAL STIMULATION SYSTEM TURN OF OWER TO THE RETINAL STIMULATION SYSTEM l 901 / TURN ON POWER TO THE RETINAL STIMULATION SYSTEM FOR A PREDETERMINED AMOUNT OF TIME 905 TURN OF OWER TO DID RETINAL THE RETINAL STIMULATION SYSTEM TRANSMIT BACK FOR ANOTHER TELEMETR’V DURING THE PREDEIERMINED FREDETERMINED AMOUNT OF TIME AMOUNT OF TIME ?

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( 1 2 ) United S t a t e s

Patent

Greenberg t a ] .

US008000000B2

US 8 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 B2

* A u g .

1 6 , 2 0 1 1

1 0 ) Patent N 0 . :

4 5 ) Date o f P a t e n t :

5 4 )

7 5 )

7 3 )

( * )

2 1 )

2 2 )

6 5 )

6 0 )

5 1 )

5 2 )

5 8 )

5 6 )

VISUAL

PROSTHESIS

I n v e n t o r s :

Robert

.

G r e e n b e r g ,

L o s

A n g e l e s , CA

( U S ) ;

K e l l y

H .

M c C l u r e ,

S i m i

V a l l e y ,

CA

U S ) ;

Arup R o y , V a l e n c i a , CA

U S )

A s s i g n e e :

S e c o n d

S i g h t M e d i c a l P r o d u c t s , I n c . ,

S y l m a r , CA U S )

N o t i c e :

S u b j e c t

t o a n y d i s c l a i m er , t h e t e r m

o f

h i s

p a t e n t

i s e x t e n d e d o r a d j u s t e d u n d e r 3 5

USC

5 4 ( b )

b y

2 0 6

d a y s .

T h i s

p a t e n t

i s

s u b j e c t

t o a

t e r m i n a l

d i s

c l a i m e r .

A p p l .

N 0 . : 1 1 / 8 7 4 , 6 9 0

F i l e d : O c t . 1 8 , 2007

Prior P u b l i c a t i o n Data

US 008/0262568

A1

O c t .

2 3 ,

2008

R e l a t e d US. p p l i c a t i o n

Data

P r o v i s i o n a l a p p l i c a t i o n

No. 6 0 / 8 5 2 , 8 7 5 , ? l e d

on O c t .

1 9 , 2 0 0 6 .

I n t .

C l .

A61N / 3 7 2 ( 2 0 0 6 . 0 1 )

US.

l.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 7/60; 607/53

Field of

Classi?cation

Search

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . 623/663;

6 0 7 / 5 , 1 7 ,

5 3 4 5 7 ,

6 2 , 6 0

S e e

a p p l i c a t i o n ? l e

f o r c o m p l e t e

s e a r c h h i s t o r y .

References Cited

U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS

4 , 8 3 7 , 0 4 9 A

6 / 1 9 8 9 B y e r s

e t a l .

5 , 1 0 9 , 8 4 4 A

5 / 1 9 9 2 d e

J u a n ,

J r .

e t a l .

5 , 2 1 5 , 0 8 8

A 6 / 1 9 9 3 No rmann t a l .

5,569,307 A

*

10/1996 Schulman t a 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 7 / 5 6

5 , 9 3 5 , 1 5 5 A 8 / 1 9 9 9 Humayun

t a l .

6 , 4 0 0 , 9 8 9 B1 6 / 2 0 0 2 E c k m i l l e r

6,458,157

B1* 10/2002

Suaning

. . 623/663

7 , 8 1 8 , 0 6 1 B1* 1 0 / 2 0 1 0

P a l m e r

6 0 7 / 3 2

2 0 0 5 / 0 0 7 8 8 4 6

A1*

4 / 2 0 0 5

Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

381 /32 6

2006/0247754 A1

1 1 / 2 0 0 6

G r e e n b e r g e t a l .

FOREIGN

PATENTDOCUMENTS

W0 WO

2/40095

A1 5 / 2 0 0 2

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

E u g e n e De

u a n ,

R e t i n a l

T a c k s ,

A m e r i c a n

J o u r n a l o f

O p h t h a l m o l o g y

9 9 : p p . 2 7 2 - 2 7 4 , M a r .

1 9 8 5 .

*

c i t e d b y

examiner

Primary Examiner a r l

H

Layno

Assistant E x a m ine r

*

uther Behringer

( 7 4 ) A t t o r n e y ,

A g e n t , o r

FirmiScott B . D u n b a r ;

A l e s s a n d r o

S t e i n ?

5 7 )

ABSTRACT

A i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

a n d a

method

o r l i m i t i n g

poWer

c o n s u m p t i o n i n

a

v i s u a l

p r o s t h e s i s a p p a r a t u s . The

v i s u a l

p r o s t h e s i s a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s e s a

camera f o r c a p t u r i n g

a

v i d e o i m a g e , a v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t a s s o c i a t e d W i t h t h e

c a m e r a ,

t h e

v i d e o p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t

c o n ? g u r e d t o c o n v e r t

t h e

v i d e o image t o s t i m u l a t i o n p a t t e r n s ,

and

a

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m c o n ? g u r e d

t o

s t o p s t i m u l a t i n g n e u r a l t i s s u e i n a s u b

j e c t ’ s

e y e

based o n

t h e s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s

When

an

e r r o r

i s

d e t e c t e d

i n a f o r w a r d

t e l e m e tr y r e c e i v e d

from t h e v i d e o p r o

c e s s i n g u n i t .

4 , 5 7 3 , 4 8 1

A

3 / 1 9 8 6 B u l l a r a

4 , 6 1 2 ,93 4

A *

9/1986 Borkan

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0 7 / 6 2

4 , 6 2 8 , 9 3 3

A 1 2 / 1 9 8 6

M i c h e l s o n

1 2 C l a i m s , 1 6 Drawing S h e e t s

900

\

s 0 1

D I D R E T I N A L

S T I M U L A T I O N S Y S T E M

T R A N S M I T B A C K

T E L E M Q E T R ’ Y

902

/

P R O V I D E

P O W E R

A N D

D A T A T O T H E R E T I N A L

S T I M U L A T I O N

S Y S T E M

T U R N

OF

O W E R TO

T H E R E T I N A L

S T I M U L A T I O N S Y S T E M

l

9 0 1

/

T U R N O N

POWER TO

T H E

R E T I N A L

S T I M U L A T I O N

S Y S T E M F O R

A

P R E D E T E R M I N E D

A M O U N T O F T I M E

905

T U R N

OF O W E R TO D I D R E T I N A L

T H E R E T I N A L

S T I M U L A T I O N S Y S T E M T R A N S M I T B A C K

F O R A N O T H E R T E L E M E T R ’ V

D U R I N G

T H E

P R E D E I E R M I N E D F R E D E T E R M I N E D

A M O U N T

OF

T I M E

A M O U N T OF

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?

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VISUAL

PROSTHESIS

CROSS REFERENCE

TO

RELATED

APPLICATIONS

T h i s a p p l i c a t i o n c l a i m s t h e

b e n e ? t o f US.

p r o v i s i o n a l

P a t e n t

A p p l i c a t i o n

S e r .

N o .

6 0 / 8 5 2 , 8 7 5 ,

? l e d

O c t .

1 9 ,

2 0 0 6

f o r “ D a t a

T e l e m e t r y

S e c u r i t y f o r a n I m p l a n t a b l e D e v i c e ” b y

R o b e r t

J . G r e e n b e r g , K e l l y H .

M c C l u r e

a n d A r u p R o y , t h e

d i s c l o s u r e

o f

W h i c h i s i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n

b y

r e f e r e n c e .

FEDERALLY

SPONSORED

RESEARCH OR

DEVELOPMENT

The p r e s e n t

i n v e n t i o n

Was made

W i t h

s u p p o r t from t h e

United

S t a t e s Government

under G r a n t

number

R24EY12893-01, a W a r d e d

b y

t h e N a t i o n a l

I n s t i t u t e s o f

H e a l t h . The

U n i t e d

S t a t e s Government

h a s

c e r t a i n r i g h t s i n

t h e

i n v e n t i o n .

FIELD

The p r e s e n t

d i s c l o s u r e

r e l a t e s t o v i s u a l p r o s t h e s e s c o n ? g

u r e d t o p r o v i d e n e u r a l s t i m u l a t i o n f o r

t h e c r e a t i o n

o f r t i ? c i a l

v i s i o n .

BACKGROUND

I n 1 7 5 5

LeRoy

p a s s e d t h e d i s c h a r g e o f a

L e y d e n

j a r

through t h e o r b i t

of

man Who Was b l i n d from

c a t a r a c t

and

t h e p a t i e n t s a W “ ? a m e s p a s s i n g r a p i d l y

d o w n w a r d s . ” E v e r

s i n c e ,

t h e r e

h a s been

a f a s c i n a t i o n

W i t h e l e c t r i c a l l y e l i c i t e d

v i s u a l p e r c e p t i o n . The

g e n e r a l

c o n c e p t o f l e c t r i c a l

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h e m i s p h e r e . He

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e x t r e m e

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s p o t

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s t u d i e d

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SUMMARY

According

t o a

? r s t

a s p e c t , a

v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s i n g : a camera

f o r

c a p t u r i n g a v i d e o i m a g e ; a v i d e o

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p r o c e s s i n g u n i t a s s o c i a t e d W i t h

t h e

c a m e r a ,

t h e

v i d e o p r o

c e s s i n g

u n i t c o n ? g u r e d

t o c o n v e r t t h e v i d e o i m a g e t o s t i m u

l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s ; and

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

con?gured

o

s t o p s t i m u l a t i n g n e u r a l t i s s u e i n a

s u b j e c t ’ s e y e

b a s e d on t h e

s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s

W h e n an

e r r o r

i s

d e t e c t e d i n

a forWard

t e l e m e t r y

r e c e i v e d f r o m t h e

v i d e o p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t .

A c c o r d i n g

t o

a

s e c o n d

a s p e c t ,

method

f o r l i m i t i n g

poWer

c o n s u m p t i o n i n a v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s i n g a

v i d e o

c a p t u r e d e v i c e

and

a

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m i s d i s

c l o s e d t h e m e t h o d c o m p r i s i n g :

d e t e r m i n i n g i f

a s u b j e c t i s

W e a r i n g t h e v i d e o c a p t u r e

d e v i c e ;

a n d t r a n s m i t t i n g p o W e r a n d

d a t a t o t h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m o n l y a s l o n g a s t h e

s u b j e c t i s W e a r i n g t h e

v i d e o

c a p t u r e d e v i c e .

According t o

a t h i r d

a s p e c t ,

a method f o r

l i m i t i n g poWer

c o n s u m p t i o n i n a v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s i n g a

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

and a

v i d e o p r o c e s si n g

u n i t

i s

d i s c l o s e d ,

t h e

m e t h o d c o m p r i s i n g :

d e t e r m i n i n g

i f t h e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

i s

t r a n s m i t t i n g a b a c k

t e l e m e t r y t o

t h e

v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g

n i t ;

a n d t r a n s m i t t i n g

poWer a n d

d a t a

t o

t h e

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s y s t e m o n l y a s l o n g a s t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a

t i o n s y s t e m t r a n s m i t s

t h e

b a c k t e l e m e t r y .

A c c o r d i n g

t o

a

f o u r t h

a s p e c t ,

a v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s i n g : a

camera

f o r

c a p t u r i n g

a v i d e o

i m a g e ;

and a

v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g u n i t a s s o c i a t e d

W i t h

t h e camera and a s s o c i

a t e d W i t h a r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m , Wherein t h e v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t

i s

c o n ? g u r e d

t o c o n v e r t t h e v i d e o i m a g e to

s t i m u l a t i o n p a t t e r n s and t r a n s m i t t h e s t i m u l a t i o n p a t t e r n s to

t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m f o r

s t i m u l a t i o n

o f n e u r a l t i s s u e

i n

a

s u b j e c t ’ e y e , and

h e

v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g u n i t

i s

con?gured

t o

s t o p

t r a n s m i t t i n g t h e s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s

t o t h e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m When

h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m d o e s

n o t

t r a n s m i t back t e l e m e t r y o r When

t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

system

d e t e c t s

an

e r r o r i n

a forWard

t e l e m e tr y r e c e i v e d from

t h e v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t .

According t o a

? f t h

a s p e c t , a method f o r

l i m i t i n g poWer

c o n s u m p t i o n

i n

a v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

c o m p r i s i n g a

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

and

a v i d e o p r o c e s si n g

u n i t

i s

d i s c l o s e d ,

t h e m e t h o d c o m p r i s i n g : a ) t r a n s m i t t i n g p o W e r a n d

d a t a v i a f o r W a r d t e l e m e t r y t o t h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m ;

b ) d e t e r m i n i n g

i f

t h e

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m i s t r a n s m i t

t i n g a b a c k t e l e m e t r y t o t h e

v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g u n i t ;

c )

s t o p

t r a n s m i t t i n g t h e

poWer

a n d t h e d a t a v i a f o r W a r d

t e l e m e t r y

to

t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m When

t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

d o e s

n o t t r a n s m i t t h e

b a c k

t e l e m e t r y ; d ) t r a n s m i t t i n g

t h e

poWer

t o t h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m f o r a

p r e d e t e r

mined a m o u n t o f

t i m e ;

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i f t h e

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a

t i o n s y s t e m

i s t r a n s m i t t i n g t h e

b a c k t e l e m e t r y

d u r i n g t h e

p r e d e t e r m i n e d a m o u n t o f

t i m e ;

f )

s t o p

t r a n s m i t t i n g p o W e r o

t h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

When t h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

d o e s

n o t t r a n s m i t t h e

b a c k t e l e m e t r y

d u r i n g t h e

p r e

d e t e r m i n e d

a m o u n t o f t i m e ;

a n d

g ) r e p e a t i n g

f e a t u r e s d )

t h r o u g h f ) u n t i l

t h e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m t r a n s m i t s t h e

b a c k t e l e m e t r y .

F u r t h e r

embodiments

a r e

shoWn n t h e s p e c i ? c a ti o n , draW

i n g s a n d c l a i m s o f t h e p r e s e n t a p p l i c a t i o n .

BRIEF

DESCRIPTIONOF THE FIGURES

F I G . 1

shoWs

a

v i s u a l

p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r at u s a c c o r d i n g

o t h e

p r e s e n t

d i s c l o s u r e .

FIGS. 2 and 3

shoW

a r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

a d a p t e d t o

b e i m p l a n t e d i n t o a s u b j e c t .

F I G . 4

shoWs

a f r o n t

vieW o f

t h e i m p l a n t e d r e t i n a l s t i m u

l a t i o n s y s t e m .

F I G .

5 shoWs a s i d e vieW

o f

t h e

i m p l a n t e d

s y s t e m o f

F I G .

9 .

20

25

30

35

4 0

4 5

50

55

60

6 5

4

FIGS. 6

and

shoW a v i d e o

c a p t u r e / t r an s m i s s i o n a p p a r a t u s

o r v i s o r a d a p t e d t o be used i n

c o m b i n a t i o n

W i t h t h e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n o f FIGS.

2

and .

FIG. 8

shoWs

a ? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t

e l e c t r o d e

a r r a y , a l s o

shoWn

i n F I G . 2 .

F I G .

9

s h o W s c o m p o n e n t s

o f a

? t t i n g

s y s t e m a c c o r d i n g t o

t h e

p r e s e n t

d i s c l o s u r e ,

t h e s y s t e m

a l s o

c o m p r i s i n g t h e v i s o r

shoWn

i n

FIGS. 4

and

.

F I G .

1 0

shoWs t h e v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s a p p a r a t u s

i n

a s t a n d

a l o n e

mode,

i . e .

c o m p r i s i n g t h e v i s o r

c o n n e c t e d

t o a v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g u n i t .

F I G S .

1 1 - 1 2 s h o W t h e v i d e o p r o c e s s i n g n i t

a l r e a d y

b r i e ? y

shoWn With

e f e r e n c e

t o F I G . 8 .

FIG.

1 3 1 1 shows a

LOSS

OF SYNC ode.

F I G .

13b

s h o W s

a n e x e m p l a r y

b l o c k

d i a g r a m o f t h e

s t e p s

t a k e n When VPU o e s n o t

r e c e i v e back t e l e m e t r y

from

t h e

R e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m .

F I G .

1 3 0 s h o w s

a n e x e m p l a r y b l o c k d i a g r a m

o f t h e

s t e p s

t a k e n When t h e s u b j e c t i s n o t

W e a r i n g

G l a s s e s .

F I G S .

1 4 - 1 , 1 4 - 2 ,

1 4 - 3 a n d

1 4 - 4

shoW a n

e x e m p l a r y

embodiment o f a v i d e o

p r o c e s s i n g

u n i t . F I G .

1 4 - 1

s h o u l d b e

vieWed t t h e

l e f t

of I G . 1 4 - 2 . FIG.

1 4 - 3

s h o u l d

be

vieWed t

t h e

l e f t

o f F I G .

1 4 - 4 .

FIGS.

1 4 - 1

and

1 4 - 2 s h o u l d b e

vieWed

o n t o p ofFIGS.

1 4 - 3

and 1 4 - 4 .

I n t h e

f o l l o W i n g

d e s c r i p t i o n , l i k e r e f e r e n c e numbers

a r e

u s e d t o

i d e n t i f y

l i k e e l e m e n t s . F u r t h e r m o r e ,

t h e d r a W i n g s a r e

i n t e n d e d t o i l l u s t r a t e m a j o r f e a t u r e s o f e x e m p l a r y e m b o d i

ments

i n a diagrammatic manner.

The

draWings a r e not

i n t e n d e d t o d e p i c t e v e r y

f e a t u r e

o f e v e r y i m p l e m e n t a t i o n n o r

r e l a t i v e d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e d e p i c t e d e l e m e n t s , and a r e n o t

draWn t o s c a l e .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e

s

c o n c e r n e d

W i t h

a v i s u a l a p p a r a t u s

and a

method

o r c r e a t i o n o f a r t i ? c i a l v i s i o n . I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e

p r e s e n t d i s c l o s u r e

p r o v i d e s an

n t e r f a c e

and

method f o r con

t r o l l i n g

a

v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

( i . e .

d e v i c e )

i m p l a n t e d

i n

a n

i n d i

v i d u a l p a t i e n t ( i . e . s u b j e c t ) t o

c r e a t e a r t i ? c i a l

v i s i o n .

F I G .

1

shoWs

a

v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s . The

v i s u a l

a p p a r a t u s c o m p r i s e s ,

i n

c o m b i n a t i o n , a n i m p l a n t a b l e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m 1 and a v i d e o

c a p t u r e / t r a n s m i s s i o n

a p p a

r a t u s

o r v i s o r embodied i n v i s o r / G l a s s e s 5 . An

exemplary

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n system 1 i s

shoWn

n more d e t a i l i n FIGS.

2

and 3 and an exemplary

v i s o r 5

i s shoWn i n

more

d e t a i l

i n

FIGS. 6

and .

The

e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m 1 i s

f u r t h e r d i s c l o s e d

i n US.

a p p l i c a t i o n

S e r .

N o .

1 1 / 2 0 7 , 6 4 4 , ? l e d

A u g . 1 9 ,

2 0 0 5

f o r

“ F l e x i b l e

C i r c u i t E l e c t r o d e

A r r a y ”

b y

R o b e r t . G r e e n b e r g ,

e t

a l . i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n

b y r e f e r e n c e , a n d

s

i n t e n d e d f o r

u s e

i n

s u b j e c t s W i t h r e t i n i t i s p i g m e n t o s a .

The

i s o r 5

i s

f u r t h e r d i s

c l o s e d

i n

I n t e r n a t i o n a l

P a t e n t A p p l i c a t i o n

N o .

PCT/US07/

1 3 9 1 8 ,

? l e d on J u n . 1 4 , 2007 and

e n t i t l e d

“APPARATUS

AND METHOD FOR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF

HUMAN ETIN , ” a l s o

i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n

b y r e f e r e n c e .

The e x e m p l a r y r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1 , shoWn i n

F I G S . 2 a n d 3 , i s a n

i m p l a n t a b l e

e l e c t r o n i c

d e v i c e

c o n t a i n i n g

an

i n d u c t i v e

c o i l 116 and

an e l e c t r o d e

a r r a y

2

t h a t i s

e l e c t r i

c a l l y c o u p l e d b y a c a b l e 3

t h a t

p i e r c e s

s c l e r a

o f t h e s u b j e c t ’ s

e y e t o a n e l e c t r o n i c s package 4 , e x t e r n a l to t h e

s c l e r a .

The

r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1

i s

d e s i g n e d ,

f o r e x a m p l e ,

t o

e l i c i t

v i s u a l

p e r c e p t s

i n

b l i n d s u b j e c t s

W i t h

r e t i n i t i s

p i g m e n t o s a .

H uman i s i o n p r o v i d e s a ? e l d o f vieW t h a t

i s

W i d e r t h a n t

i s

h i g h . T h i s

i s

p a r t i a l l y

due t o f a c t

t h a t

W e

a v e tWo

e y e s ,

b u t

e v e n

a

s i n g l e e y e

p r o v i d e s a ? e l d

o f vieW

t h a t i s a p p r o x i

m a t e l y

9 0 ° h i g h a n d

1 4 0 °

t o

1 6 0 0

d e g r e e s W i d e . I t i s t h e r e f o r e ,

a d v a n t a g e o u s t o

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a r r a y 2

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US

8 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0

B2

5

t h a t i s W i d e r t h a n

i t

i s t a l l . T h i s i s

e q u a l l y a p p l i c a b l e to

a

c o r t i c a l

v i s u a l

a r r a y . I n

Which

a s e , t h e Wider dimension

s n o t

h o r i z o n t a l on t h e

v i s u a l

c o r t e x , b u t c o r r e s p o n d s

t o

h o r i z o n t a l

i n t h e

v i s u a l s c e n e .

F I G . 8 shoWs t h e ? e x i b l e c i r c u i t e l e c t r o d e a r r a y 2 p r i o r t o

f o l d i n g a n d a t t a c h i n g t o t h e e l e c t r o n i c s p a c k a g e 4 o f F I G . 2 .

At one

end

of

h e ? e x i b l e c i r c u i t c a b l e 3 i s an n t e r c o n n e c t i o n

pad 5 2 f o r c o n n e c t i o n t o t h e

e l e c t r o n i c s

p a c k a g e 4 . At t h e

o t h e r end

o f

t h e ? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t

c a b l e 3 i s t h e ? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t

e l e c t r o d e a r r a y 2 . F u r t h e r , an a t t a c h m e n t

p o i n t

54

may

be

p r o v i d e d

n e a r t h e ? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t

e l e c t r o d e a r r a y

2 . A

e t i n a

t a c k

n o t s h o W n ) i s p l a c e d t h r o u g h h e a t t a c h m e n t p o i n t 5 4 t o

hold

h e

? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t e l e c t r o d e ar r a y

2

to t h e r e t i n a . A t r e s s

r e l i e f 5 7 may b e

p r o v i d e d

s u r r o u n d i n g t h e

a t t a c h m e n t

p o i n t

5 4 . The

s t r e s s

r e l i e f

57

may be

made

o f a

s o f t e r

polymer h a n

t h e ? e x i b l e c i r c u i t ,

o r

t may n c l u d e c u t o u t s

o r t h i n n i n g

of h e

polymer

to r e d u c e

t h e s t r e s s t r a n s m i t t e d from t h e r e t i n a t a c k

to t h e ? e x i b l e c i r c u i t e l e c t r o d e a r r a y

2 .

The ? e x i b l e c i r c u i t

c a b l e 3 may

be

formed n a dog l e g p a t t e r n s o t h a n When

t i s

f o l d e d t f o l d 4 8 i t e f f e c t i v e l y f o r m s a s t r a i g h t ? e x i b l e

c i r c u i t

c a b l e 3

W i t h

a

n a r r o W e r

p o r t i o n

a t

t h e f o l d

48

f o r p a s s i n g

t h r o u g h t h e

s c l e r o t o m y .

The e l e c t r o d e ar r a y 2

may

c o m p r i s e

a

polyimide

c a b l e

t h a t

houses W i r e c o n d u c t o r s

and

an

r r a y

of

e x p o s e d

p l a t i n u m

e l e c t r o d e s

i n

a g r i d . I n o n e

e m b o d i m e n t ,

t h e r e

a r e s i x t y e l e c t r o d e s a r r a n g e d i n a 6x10 r i d .

The e l e c t r o n i c s

package 4

o f FIGS.

2

and

3

c a n b e e l e c t r i

c a l l y

c o u p l e d t o

t h e i n d u c t i v e

c o i l 1 1 6 .

I n o n e a s p e c t , t h e

i n d u c t i v e c o i l 116

c o n t a i n s

a r e c e i v e r

and t r a n s m i t t e r

a n t e n

n a e made from W o u n d i r e . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , t h e i n d u c t i v e c o i l

116 may be

made from a

t h i n ?lm

polymer

sandWich W i t h

W i r e t r a c e s d e p o s i t e d

b e t W e e n

l a y e r s o f

t h i n ?lm p o l y m e r .

The

e l e c t r o n i c s

p a c k a g e

4 may

c o n t a i n

c o m p o n e n t s a n d a n

A p p l i c a t i o n

S p e c i ? c I n t e g r a t e d C i r c u i t

( A S I C )

f o r p r o c e s s

i n g t h e r e c e i v e d d a t a a n d u s i n g t h e

r e c e i v e d poWer

o

g e n e r a t e

t h e r e q u i r e d s t i m u l a t i o n o u t p u t .

T h e

e l e c t r o n i c s p a c k a g e 4

and t h e i n d u c t i v e c o i l 116 may b e

h e l d

t o g e t h e r

by

a molded

body

1 1 8 shoWn i n F I G .

3 .

As

a l s o

shoWn

i n

F I G .

3 , t h e

molded body

118

may

a l s o

i n c l u d e

s u t u r e t a b s

1 2 0

shoWn

n

F I G .

3 .

The molded

body

narroWs t o form a s t r a p

122 Which

s u r r o u n d s t h e

s c l e r a a n d

h o l d s t h e molded body 1 1 8 , i n d u c

t i v e c o i l

1 1 6 ,

a n d

e l e c t r o n i c s p a c k a g e

4

i n p l a c e .

The molded

body 1 1 8 ,

s u t u r e

t a b s

1 2 0 and s t r a p 1 2 2

a r e p r e f e r a b l y

a n

i n t e g r a t e d

u n i t

made f s i l i c o n e e l a s to m e r . S i l i c o n e e l a s t o m e r

can be formed n a

p r e - c u r v e d

s h a p e

t o

match h e c u r v a t u r e of

a t y p i c a l s c l e r a .

F u r t h e r m o r e ,

s i l i c o n e r e m a i n s

? e x i b l e

enough o accommodate

i m p l a n t a t i o n a n d

t o

a d a p t

t o

v a r i a

t i o n s

i n

t h e

c u r v a t u r e of

an

n d i v i d u a l

s c l e r a .

I n one s p e c t ,

t h e

i n d u c t i v e c o i l 1 1 6

and molded

body

118 a r e

o v a l

s h a p e d , and

i n t h i s

W a y ,

a

s t r a p

122

c a n

b e t t e r s u p p o r t t h e o v a l

s h a p e d o i l .

The

eye moves o n s t a n t l y . The eye moves o scan

a

scene

a n d a l s o h a s

a j i t t e r

m o t i o n t o p r e v e n t

image

s t a b i l i Z a t i o n .

Even t h o u g h s u c h m o t i o n i s u s e l e s s i n t h e b l i n d ,

i t

o f t e n

c o n t i n u e s

l o n g

a f t e r a p e r s o n

h a s

l o s t

t h e i r

s i g h t .

T h u s , i n

one

embodiment o f t h e p r e s e n t

d i s c l o s u r e ,

t h e e n t i r e r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1 o f t h e p r o s t h e s i s

i s a t t a c h e d t o

and

s u p p o r t e d b y t h e s c l e r a o f a s u b j e c t . By p l a c i n g t h e d e v i c e

under

t h e

r e c t u s muscles W i t h

t h e

e l e c t r o n i c s package i n an

a r e a

o f f a t t y t i s s u e betWeen t h e r e c t u s m u s c l e s ,

e y e

motion

d o e s n o t c a u s e a n y ? e x i n g Which i g h t f a t i g u e , a n d e v e n t u

a l l y

d a m a g e , t h e d e v i c e .

F I G . 3 shoWs a s i d e vieW

of

h e r e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

system

1 , i n

p a r t i c u l a r ,

e m p h a s i Z i n g

t h e

f a n a i l 1 2 4 .

When h e e t i n a l

p r o s t h e s i s i s

i m p l a n t e d ,

t h e s t r a p 1 2 2 s p a s s e d u n d e r t h e e y e

muscles t o

s u r r o u n d t h e

s c l e r a .

The i n d u c t i v e

c o i l

116

and

molded

body

1 1 8

s h o u l d

a l s o

f o l l o W

t h e s t r a p u n d e r t h e

l a t e r a l

r e c t u s muscle

o n t h e s i d e of t h e s c l e r a . The

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1 o f h e

v i s u a l

p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s

i s

v e r y

20

25

30

35

4 0

4 5

50

55

60

6 5

6

d e l i c a t e . I t

i s e a s y

t o t e a r t h e

molded body

118

o r b r e a k W i r e s

i n t h e

i n d u c t i v e

c o i l 1 1 6 . I n o r d e r t o a l l o W t h e molded body

1 1 8

to

s l i d e s m o o t h l y u n d e r

t h e l a t e r a l

r e c t u s

m u s c l e ,

t h e

molded

body s s h a p e d i n t h e form o f a

f a n

a i l

124 o n h e end

o p p o s i t e

t h e

e l e c t r o n i c s p a c k a g e 4 . E l e m e n t 1 2 3 shoWs

a

r e t e n t i o n s l e e v e , W h i l e e l e m e n t s 126 and 128 shoW h o l e s

f o r

s u r g i c a l

p o s i t i o n i n g

a n d

a

r a m p

f o r s u r g i c a l p o s i t i o n i n g ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y .

FIGS. 4 and 5 shoW f r o n t

and

s i d e

v i e W s o f

t h e R e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1

i m p l a n t e d

W i t h r e s p e c t

t o

t h e s u b j e c t ’ s

e y e 7 . As

shoWn n

FIGS.

4

and ,

t h e

e l e c t r o d e

a r r a y 2

e n t e r s

t h e

e y e t h r o u g h

a

p a r s p l a n a i n c i s i o n and i s

p l a c e d

on t h e

r e t i n a

o v e r

t h e f o v e a u s i n g a

r e t i n a l

t a c k . The

r e m a i n i n g

R e t i n a l s t i m u l a t i o n

s y s t e m

1

i s

s e c u r e d t o t h e e y e

by

means

o f

a s c l e r a l band

h e l d

i n p l a c e by a WatZke

s l e e v e

( t y p i c a l o f

s c l e r a l

p r o c e d u r e s ) ,

a n d a l s o

b y

s u t u r e t a b s . A d d i t i o n a l l y ,

a n o t h e r s u t u r e may b e p l a c e d a r o u n d

t h e

s c l e r a l

band

i n

t h e

i n f e r i o r

m e d i a l

q u a d r a n t o f t h e

e y e .

R e f e r r i n g o F I G S . 6 a n d

,

t h e g l a s s e s 5

may

o m p r i s e , f o r

example, a

frame

11

h o l d i n g

a

camera 1 2 ,

an

e x t e r n a l c o i l

14

and

mounting

s y s t e m 1 6 f o r t h e

e x t e r n a l

c o i l

1 4 . The mou nt

i n g

s y s t e m 1 6

may

a l s o

e n c l o s e

t h e

R F c i r c u i t r y .

I n

t h i s

c o n ? g u r a t i o n , t h e v i d e o camera

1 2

c a p t u r e s

l i v e

v i d e o .

The

v i d e o

s i g n a l

i s s e n t

t o

a n e x t e r n a l

Video

P r o c e s s i n g

U n i t

( V PU) 0 ( s h o W n n F I G S . 9 , 1 1

a n d

1 2 a n d d i s c u s s e d b e l o W ) ,

Which

p r o c e s s e s t h e v i d e o s i g n a l a n d s u b s e q u e n t l y

t r a n s

f o r m s

t h e

p r o c e s s e d v i d e o

s i g n a l

i n t o e l e c t r i c a l s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s o r d a t a . The e l e c t r i c a l s t i m u l a t i o n d a t a a r e

t h e n

s e n t

t o

t h e

e x t e r n a l c o i l 14 t h a t

s e n d s

b o t h

d a t a

and poWer

v i a

r a d i o - f r e q u e n c y ( R F )

t e l e m e t r y

t o t h e c o i l

1 1 6 o f

t h e

r e t i n a l

s t i m u l a t i o n s y s t e m 1 , shoWn n

F I G S .

2 a n d 3 . The o i l

1 1 6

r e c e i v e s t h e R F

commands

Which

c o n t r o l

t h e a p p l i c a t i o n

s p e c i ? c i n t e g r a t e d c i r c u i t

( A S I C )

W h i c h i n t u r n d e l i v e r s

s t i m u l a t i o n t o

t h e

r e t i n a o f

h e

s u b j e c t

v i a a

t h i n ?lm l e c t r o d e

a r r a y ( T F E A ) . I n o n e

a s p e c t

o f a n e m b o d i m e n t , l i g h t a m p l i

t u d e

i s

recorded

b y t h e camera 1 2 . The

VPU 0

may

use

a

l o g a r i t h m i c

e n c o d i n g

s c h e m e

t o

c o n v e r t

t h e

i n c o m i n g

l i g h t

a m p l i t u d e s i n t o

t h e

e l e c t r i c a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s

o r

d a t a .

These e l e c t r i c a l

s t i m u l a t i o n

p a t t e r n s o r

d a t a

may

t h e n

be

p a s s e d on o

t h e R e t i n a l

S t i m u l a t i o n

System

, Which

e s u l t s

i n t h e r e t i n a l c e l l s b e i n g s t i m u l a t e d v i a t h e e l e c t r o d e s i n t h e

e l e c t r o d e a r r a y 2 shoWn i n FIGS. 2 , 3 and

) .

I n one exem

p l a r y e m b o d i m e n t , t h e

e l e c t r i c a l

s t i m u l a t i o n p a t t e r n s

o r

d a t a

b e i n g t r a n s m i t t e d b y t h e e x t e r n a l c o i l

1 4

i s

b i n a r y d a t a . The

e x t e r n a l c o i l

14

may o n t a i n a r e c e i v e r and r a n s m i t t e r a n t e n

nae

and

a r a d i o - f r e q u e n c y RF)

e l e c t r o n i c s

c a r d

f o r

commu

n i c a t i n g W i t h t h e

i n t e r n a l c o i l 1 1 6 .

R e f e r r i n g

t o

F I G . 9 , a F i t t i n g S y s t e m ( F S )

may

b e

u s e d

t o

c o n ? g u r e an d

o p t i m i Z e h e

v i s u a l p r o s t h e s i s

a p p a r a t u s s h o W n

i n F I G . 1 .

The

i t t i n g

S y s t e m

i s

f u l l y

d e s c r i b e d i n

t h e

r e l a t e d

a p p l i c a t i o n

US.

a p p l i c a t i o n

S e r . N o .

l l / 7 9 6 , 4 2 5 , ? l e d

o n

A p r . 2 7 ,

2 0 0 7 , W h i c h s

i n c o r p o r a t e d h e r e i n b y

r e f e r e n c e

n

i t s

e n t i r e t y .

The

i t t i n g System may c o m p r i s e c u s t o m

s o f t W a r e

W i t h a

g r a p h i c a l u s e r

i n t e r f a c e

r u n n i n g

o n

a d e d i c a t e d l a p t o p com

p u t e r 1 0 . W i t h i n t h e F i t t i n g

S y s t e m

a r e m o d u l e s f o r p e r f o r m

i n g d i a g n o s t i c c h e c k s o f h e i m p l a n t , l o a d i n g a n d e x e c u t i n g

v i d e o c o n ? g u r a t i o n ? l e s , v i e W i n g

e l e c t r o d e

v o l t a g e W a v e

f o r m s , a n d i d i n g i n

c o n d u c t i n g p s y c h o p h y s i c a l

e x p e r i m e n t s .

A

i d e o

module

can be used

t o

doWnload a v i d e o

con?gura

t i o n ? l e

t o t h e

V i d e o

P r o c e s s i n g

U n i t

V

U) 2 0

d i s c u s s e d

above

and

s t o r e i t

i n

n o n - v o l a t i l e mem o ry t o c o n t r o l

v a r i o u s

a s p e c t s o f v i d e o

c o n ? g u r a t i o n ,

eg h e

s p a t i a l

r e l a t i o n s h i p

betWeen h e v i d e o i n p u t

and

t h e

e l e c t r o d e s .

The s o f t W a r e c a n

a l s o l o a d

a

p r e v i o u s l y

u s e d v i d e o

c o n ? g u r a t i o n

? l e

f r o m

t h e

VPU

0 f o r

a d j u s t m e n t .

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