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U.S. Troops to Leave Iraq by Years End, Obama

Says

By MARK LANDLER

Published: October 21, 2011

WASHINGTON President Obama announced on Fridaythat the last American soldier would leave Iraq by the end of

this year, drawing to a close a divisive eight-year war that

cost the lives of more than 4,400 troops, defined the

presidency of George W. Bush, and helped ignite his own

political rise.

The decision leaves only a

vestigial presence of Marine

embassy guards and liaison

officers staying on where more than a milliontroops, in all, have served.

The presidents statement, coming a day after a

NATO air campaign hastened the death of Col.

Muammar el-Qaddafi in Libya, was laden with

symbolism, marking the ebb tide of a decade of

American military engagement that began after the

Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. It also capped a

remarkable period of foreign-policy

accomplishments for a president who is hindered by

a poor economy at home.

For Mr. Obama, whose rise to the White House was

based partly on his opposition to the Iraq war but

who as president ordered a troop buildup in

Afghanistan and intensified drone strikes against

Doug Mills/The New York Times

Our troops will definitely be home for the holidays, President Obama said in the White House briefing

room on Friday.

Notes from Afghanistan,

Pakistan, Iraq and other areas

of conflict in the post-9/11

era. Go to the Blog

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Withdrawal from Iraq
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militants in the region, the announcement fulfills a

campaign promise. Its timing, after Colonel

Qaddafis death and the commando raid that killed

Osama bin Laden, and just as the administration

was taking its toughest stance yet on Pakistans

reluctance to root out militants along its border with

Afghanistan, may help insulate him from

Republican charges that he is weak on national

security.

Today, I can report that, as promised, the rest ofour troops in Iraq will come home by the end of the

year, the president said in a midday appearance at

the White House. Anticipating what he called

another season of homecomings, he declared,

Our troops will definitely be home for the

holidays.

The complete withdrawal, which his political critics

decried and his military team had worked hard to

avert, was propelled by an irreconcilable dispute

between the United States and Iraq over the legal

immunity of a small force of military trainers that

the Pentagon had planned to leave in the country.

Though the president left open the possibility that

trainers might still advise Iraqi troops, military

officials said the chance of putting any significant

American force there was slim.

Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential

candidate, among others, scorned Mr. Obama for

putting the sacrifices of American troops at risk andquestioned whether the president had been

motivated bynaked political calculation or simply

sheer ineptitude in negotiations with the Iraqi

government.

Mr. Obama gave word of the decision to Prime

Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki, who faces rough

political crosswinds of his own over the timing of the

departure, in a video conference call. Mr. Obamas

aides described the call as poignant,with the Iraqi

leader expressing thanks for the sacrifices of

American soldiers. As of Jan. 1, 2012, Mr. Obama

said, the two countries will begin a normal relationship between sovereign

nations, an equal partnership based on mutual interest and mutual respect.

The agreement to leave Iraq this year dates from late 2008, when Mr. Bush,

before leaving office, made a farewell visit to Baghdad that was disrupted when

an Iraqi journalist hurled his shoes at him and denounced him as a dog.

American military officials had wanted a residual force of as many as tens of

thousands of soldiers to remain past 2011 as an insurance policy against future

violence.

Those numbers were scaled back, but the expectation was that 3,000 to 5,000

American troops would remain. Some top American military officials were

dismayed by the decision, saying Mr. Obama was putting the best face on a

breakdown in tortured negotiations with the Iraqis.

Pentagon lawyers insisted that the Iraqi Parliament grant soldiers immunity

Timeline: Major Events in the

Iraq War

Interactive Feature

American Forces in Iraq and

Afghanistan

Interactive Graphic

Drawing Down and Moving

Ahead in Iraq

Photographs

Related

Despite Difficult Talks, U.S.

and Iraq Had Expected Some

American Troops to Stay

(October 22, 2011)

At War Blog: ObamaAnnounces Troops Will Come

Home From Iraq by Year's

End (October 21, 2011)

Times Topic: Iraq

Related in Opinion

Editorial: End Date for Iraq

(October 22, 2011)

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from legal prosecution. In recent weeks, American negotiators in Baghdad

concluded that it would be impossible to obtain that protection, essentially

scuttling any chance of a substantial troop presence there next year.

Mr. Obama and Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta kept the door open to

further talks on trainers. While civilian and military officials characterized the

withdrawal as a clean break, negotiations could always resume.

As I told Prime Minister Maliki, we will continue discussions on how we might

help Iraq train and equip its forces, Mr. Obama said. After all, there will be

some difficult days ahead for Iraq, and the United States will continue to have

an interest in an Iraq that is stable, secure and self-reliant.

At the Pentagon, however, senior officials said that without a change in the

tenor of Iraqi domestic politics, it was unlikely that any enduring American

military presence could be negotiated with the Iraqi government.

Instead, these officials said, the two countries might look to create what one

Pentagon official called a smaller footprint and more flexible relationship.

That might include organizing joint exercises, inviting Iraqi officers to

American military schools and offering to train Iraqis in other Middle Eastern

nations where the United States has a presence.

Were prepared to meet their training needs, were prepared to engage in

exercises with them, were prepared to provide guidance and training with

regard to their pilots, Mr. Panetta told reporters traveling with him to

Indonesia.

The United States will still keep about 160 military personnel to guard its

embassy in Baghdad and manage the continuing military relationship. There

will also be 4,000 to 5,000 private State Department security contractors, as

well as a significant C.I.A. presence. In Afghanistan, about 95,000 American

troops remain.

We fought to give Iraqis a choice, said a frustrated senior officer who was not

authorized to speak publicly about the White Houses decision. Another officer

said, Bottom line, it is a failure of the Iraqi government.

American officials continued to express concern about gaps in Iraqs security

capabilities to withstand what they view as continuing threats of sectarian

violence and Irans malign influence. But political pressure in Iraq to end the

American occupation gradually came to dominate military imperatives.

Iraq is a highly nationalistic country, and we were not able to dislodge the view

that they should not have foreign troops on their soil, said Christopher R. Hill,

a former American ambassador to Iraq who is now dean of the Josef Korbel

School of International Studies at the University of Denver.

Mr. Obamas announcement drew mixed reactions in Washington, with

Democrats generally approving while Republicans voiced fears that security

gains in Iraq could be reversed without an American presence.

While Im concerned that a full withdrawal could jeopardize those gains,

Speaker John A. Boehner said in a statement, Im hopeful that both countries

will work together to guarantee that a free and democratic Iraq remains astrong and stable partner for the United States in the Middle East.

News of the American withdrawal was met with scattered celebrations in Iraq.

In Sadr City, the Shiite district in Baghdad that is a bastion of anti-American

sentiment, roughly 1,000 people celebrated under the picture of young Shiite

men who had been killed by American troops.


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The United States here was just like Saddam Hussein, said Muslim

Mohammed, 42, a government employee. We never thought wed get rid of

Saddam, and we thought his sons would just take over. We thought the

Americans would never leave and they would just create excuses to stay longer

and longer.

Mr. Obama, however, has stuck to his plans to end the combat mission and

withdraw all troops, in part because he wants to channel energy to reviving the

economy. After a decade of war, he declared, the nation that we need to

build and the nation that we will build is our own.

Thom Shanker and Eric Schmitt contributed reporting from Washington, Michael S.

Schmidt from Baghdad, and Elisabeth Bumiller en route to Indonesia.

A version of this article appeared in print on October 22,

2011, on page A1 of the New York edition with the headline:

Last U.S. Soldiers To Exit From Iraq In 2011, Obama Says.

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