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![Page 1: U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program and Policy Update Location Asia 2007 Kowloon, Hong Kong September 13-14, 2007 Michael Shaw,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b4d1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
Program and Policy Update
Location Asia 2007Kowloon, Hong Kong
September 13-14, 2007
Michael Shaw, DirectorU.S. National Coordination Office for
Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)
![Page 2: U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Program and Policy Update Location Asia 2007 Kowloon, Hong Kong September 13-14, 2007 Michael Shaw,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f305503460f94c4b4d1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Introduction
• Like the Internet, GPS has become a critical component of the global information infrastructure – Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities – Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety,
environmental, public security, and science
• Over the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) – Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and
performance– Augmentations improve performance even further
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3Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Overview
• Current GPS Program and
Augmentations
• Modernization Plans
• National Space-Based PNT Policy
• International Cooperation
• Summary
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4Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Current Constellation
• 15 Block II/IIA satellites operational
• 12 Block IIR satellites operational– Modernizing 5 remaining Block IIR
satellites
• 3 Block IIR-M satellites operational– Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C)
• Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need– New IIR-M satellite launched – Nov 06
– Next launch: Sep 07
• Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993
30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24)
30 Operational Satellites (Baseline Constellation: 24)
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5Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
GPS constellation –Delivering excellent performance
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6Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
International Augmentations
Differential GPS Networks
International GNSS Service Global Differential GPS System
Space-Based Augmentation Systems
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7Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
GPS Modernization
• System-wide improvements in:
– Accuracy
– Availability
– Integrity
– Reliability
• Backward compatibility
• Robustness against interference
• Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use
• Interoperability with other GNSS constellations
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8Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
GPS III Satellites
• Next-generation satellite needed to accommodate increasing power requirements– Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility
– Separate contracts for space and ground segments
– Acquisition processes for control segment /satellite are underway
• OCX Request for Proposal Released; contract award projected for Oct 07
• GPS IIIA Request for Proposal Released; contract award projected for Jan 08
• Civil benefits– Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil
signals
• In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites
– Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo
– Significant increase in system accuracy
– Improved availability of accuracy with integrity
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9Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Modernized GPS – Civil Signals
• Second civil signal (“L2C”)– Designed to meet commercial needs
• Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction
• Higher effective power and improved data structure reduce interference, speed up signal acquisition, enable miniaturization of receivers, may enable indoor use
– Began with GPS Block IIR-M in Sep 2005; 24 satellites: ~2014
• Third civil signal (“L5”)– Designed to meet demanding requirements for transportation safety (safety-of-life)
• Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band
– Begins with GPS Block IIF
– First launch: ~2008; 24 satellites: ~2016
• Fourth civil signal (“L1C”)– Designed with international partners to enable GNSS interoperability
– Begins with GPS Block III
– First launch: ~2013; 24 satellites: ~2021
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10Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS) Modernization
• Transitioning to new ground segment/system
• Architecture Evolution Plan (AEP) migrates OCS from
mainframe to distributed architecture
– Provides two new control stations
• New Module at Schriever AFB; New Alternate MCS (AMCS) at Vandenberg AFB
• AEP provides flexibility to incorporate future requirements
– Command and control for IIF (1st launch scheduled for 2008)
• Modernization impacts every element of OCS architecture
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11Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
United States Policy History
• 1983: President Reagan offers free civilian access to GPS
• 1996: President Clinton issues first U.S. GPS policy
– Designates GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management
• 1997: Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees
• 2004: President Bush issues U.S. policy on space-based PNT
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12Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy
• Recognizes the changing international scene– Other nations implementing space-based systems
that provide PNT services
• National Space-Based PNT Executive Committee– Chaired by Deputy Secretaries of Defense and
Transportation
– Membership includes: State, Commerce, Homeland Security, JCS and NASA
• Established National Coordination Office (NCO) a with staff from each member agency
Updated policy retains 1996 principles
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13Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure
WHITE HOUSEWHITE HOUSE
NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
NATIONALSPACE-BASED PNT
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
ADVISORYBOARD
Sponsor: NASA
ADVISORYBOARD
Sponsor: NASA
DefenseDefense
TransportationTransportation
StateState
CommerceCommerce
Homeland SecurityHomeland Security
Joint Chiefs of StaffJoint Chiefs of Staff
NASANASA
NATIONAL COORDINATION
OFFICE
Host: Commerce
NATIONAL COORDINATION
OFFICE
Host: Commerce
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14Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
National Coordination Office (NCO)
• Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT across all Departments
• Evaluates plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure
• Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses, and projects that have broad U.S. Government participation
• Represents Executive Committee in discussion with federal, state, local, and international governments
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15Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Advisory Board
• Conducts assessments, makes recommendations to accomplish national policy goals and objectives
• Twenty-four members; 6 international members• First meeting held March 2007• Next meeting scheduled for October 2007
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16Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
U.S. International Cooperation
• Provide civil GPS and augmentations free of direct user fees on a continuous, worldwide basis
• Seek to ensure international systems are interoperable, or at a minimum, are compatible, with civil GPS and augmentations
• Improve performance of civil GPS and augmentations to meet or exceed that of international systems
• Provide open, free access to information needed to develop equipment
• Encourage international development of PNT systems based on GPS
Outlined in 2004 U.S. National Policy on Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)
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17Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Bilateral GPS Cooperation
• U.S.-Japan: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 1996– QZSS augmentation to be compatible, interoperable with GPS
• U.S.-EU: GPS-Galileo Cooperation Agreement since 2004– July 2007 accord on improved civil signal (MBOC)
• U.S.-India: Policy and technical consultations on GPS cooperation since 2005 – Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation, February 2007 – Research into ionospheric distortion/solutions
• U.S.-Russia: negotiating GPS-GLONASS Cooperation Agreement since 2005 – Discussing greater interoperability of civil GPS-GLONASS
signals• U.S.-Australia: Joint Delegation Statement on Civil
GPS cooperation signed April 2007– Developing enhanced mechanisms for notification of GPS
satellite operational changes
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18Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
International Committee on GNSS (ICG)
• Emerged from 3rd UNISPACE Conference held in 1999
• Promote GNSS use, particularly in developing countries
• Encourage compatibility and interoperability among global and regional systems
• Unique mix of GNSS providers (US, EU, Russia, Japan, China, India) and international user groups
– Focal point for international information exchange
• First meeting held in Vienna in November 2006
– Agreed on terms of reference, work plan, and concept of “GNSS Providers Forum” to address common issues
• 4- 7 September 2007 in Bangalore, India
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19Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Web-based Information
• PNT.gov established to disseminate information on the U.S. National Executive Committee – Information on the U.S. National Policy, Exec
Committee membership, the Advisory Board, and frequently asked questions
– Recent public presentations to include this presentation
• GPS.gov established to disseminate information on GPS applications– Brochure on GPS applications also available in
hardcopy upon request– Contains additional links to various other websites
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20Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Summary
• GPS performance is getting better and continuing to improve– Augmentations enable high performance today
– Second new GPS signal now available
– Additional improvements will continue in the future
• U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy continues to provide stability and transparency for users and industry
– Encourages/promotes worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations
• U.S. Govt management structure for GPS and augmentations is stronger and more active
– Many policy implementation actions in progress
• International cooperation is a U.S. priority
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21Location Asia 2007, Hong Kong, 13-14 Sep 07
Contact Information
Michael E. ShawDirector
U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT
14th and Constitution Ave, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20230
Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) [email protected]