US Navy Tactical Fuels From Renewable Sources

Program

Prepared For: ECEC

Presented By: Rick KaminNavy Fuels Lead

9 May 2012

1

Resource Challenge: PetroleumPrice Volatility

World Price of Crude Oil (1996-2010)

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

1/5/

96

1/5/

97

1/5/

98

1/5/

99

1/5/

00

1/5/

01

1/5/

02

1/5/

03

1/5/

04

1/5/

05

1/5/

06

1/5/

07

1/5/

08

1/5/

09

1/5/

10

$/ga

l

In 2000, oil increased an average of

4.7¢/yr

In 2008, oil increased an average of

18.7¢/yr

Oil Depletion Timeline (50% proven reserves exhausted)

US Crude Oil Supply Trend U.S Petroleum Supply (Avg. of 2006-2009)

2

Nigeria5%

Venezuela6%

Saudi Arabia7%

Mexico7%

Domestic Sources 36%

Canada12%

Other Caribbean, Central & South

America6%

Other Africa, Middle East & Asia

5%Other Europe5%

Russia2%

Algeria3%

Iraq3%

Angola3%

OPEC 27%

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2009 2019 2029 2039 2049 2059 2069 2079 2089 2099 2109 2119 2129 2139 2149

Daily

Vol

ume

(MBb

ls/D

ay)

Estimated Year Oil Reserves at 50% Current Reserve Levels

Saudi ArabiaRussian

Federation

USA

China

Mexico

NorwayUK

Algeria

Angola

Canada

Nigeria

Qatar

Libya

Kazakhstan

Iran

UAE

Kuwait

Venezuela

Iraq

550

150300

Proven ReservesBillions of Barrels

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mill

ions

of B

bls/

day

Imports

Domestic Supply

20.58

15.34

10.22

2.68

37.29

21.35

13.71

21.30

4.52

49.73

0 10 20 30 40 50

USA

EU

China

India

Rest of World

2007

2035

Million Barrels per Day

0100200300400500600700800

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Qua

drill

ion

BTU

Rest of World

US

China

India

18%

30%

EU

Worldwide Total Energy Demand*

(2005-2035)

Worldwide Liquid Fuel Consumption** (2007 & 2035)

‘Chindia’ and ROW are becoming the global energy driver

* Source: EIA International Energy Outlook 2010** Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics database (as of November 2009), web site www.eia.gov/emeu/international. 2035: EIA, World Energy Projection System Plus (2010) 3

Evolving Energy Demands

(ROW)

“We need to be efficient with the energy that we have and that we need to find alternative fuels.

We are trying to use our fuel judiciously.”

— Admiral Jonathan Greenert, CNO

• Drivers Enhance combat capability Reduce total ownership cost Ensure energy security

• Strategies Culture & behavior change Retooling the existing fleet Energy efficiency in acquisition Diversifying energy sources

Navy Energy Program

4

Navy Energy GoalsIncreased Alternatives

Afloat2020

50% of total DON energy consumption from alternative sources

Increased Alternatives Ashore2020

At least 50% of shore-based energy from alternative sources; 50% of installations net-zero

Sail the “Great Green Fleet”

2012/2016

Green Strike Group: local operations/sail

Reduce Non-Tactical Vehicle Petroleum Use

2015

Reduce petroleum use in commercial vehicle fleet by 50%

Energy Efficiency Acquisition

Evaluation of energy factors mandatory when awarding systems/buildings contracts

Reduce Consumption

Afloat2020

Navy will increase efficiency and

reduce consumption afloat

by 15%

Reduce Consumption

Ashore2020

Navy will increase efficiency and

reduce consumption

ashore by 50%

Protect Critical Infrastructure

2020

Navy’s critical infrastructure will

have reliable backup/redundant

power systems where viable

SECNAV Targets CNO Targets

5

Primary Assumption:Alternative fuel must be a drop-in replacement, invisible to the operator

Challenge:

Requires NO change to aircraft or ship Requires NO change to infrastructure

Courtesy Mark Rumizen - FAA

1950’s 1970’s 1990’s 2000’s New Fuel

Test And Cert Protocol

Existing Systems

Meets fuel performance requirements Can be mixed or alternated with petroleum fuel

Not Changing the Fuel : Just its Source

Alternative Fuels Strategy

6

Test FuelsHydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) & Diesel (HRD)

Derived from renewable sources• Camelina and Algae based fuels used for Navy’s testing

Changed the source, not the fuel

Refined• Feedstocks are hydrotreated and hydrocracked• Products are feedstock agnostic

Blended• 50/50 blends meet all performance requirements of JP-

5 & F-76 specs

7

Phase 1:• Chemical And Physical

Property Similarity• Specification• Fit For Purpose

Phase 2:• Performance Similarity

• Materials • Components• Propulsion/Fuel Systems• Distribution Systems

Phase 3:• Operational Similarity

• Weapon System Trials

Phase 4:• Long Term Operability

• Field Trials

8

The Green HornetF/A-18E/F Super Hornet

• U.S. Navy’s premier fighter aircraft• Operates at a wide range of airspeeds and altitudes• Top Fuel Burner in The Fleet

Component Testing• Auxiliary Power Unit Atomizer, Combustor, Engine Fuel

Ctrl.

Engine Testing• GE F414 Turbojet, GE F404 Turbojet, Honeywell 36-200

APU

Flight Testing• Completed 16 flight tests for 17+ hours• First-ever supersonic flight powered by a renewable jet

fuel • Extended Duration Flight Test in progress

No impacts to performance or operability

9

Green Hornet Flight TestEarth Day 2010

10

Flight Testing

• Extended service evaluation• Algae HRJ5 blend testing

MH-60SSeahawk

• Tilt-rotor, multi-purpose• USAF/USN Coordinated Test

MV-22BOsprey

• Aircraft carrier-capable trainer

T-45AGoshawk

• Electronic Warfare

EA-6BProwler

• Performance Hover Maneuvers

AV-8BHarrier

• Unmanned Flight

MQ-8BFire Scout

No Operational Issues Noticed11

Blue Angels

HRJ5 Flight Demonstration

High performance maneuvers

Tight formations and close tolerances

No changes to performance12

13

Blue Angel Biofuel FlightSept 2011

HRD76 Platform Trials

• Gas Turbines (RR and GE)

Self Defense Test Ship(ex DD Paul F. Foster)

• Cummins QSB Engine

7M RHIB

• Extended Duration Trial

YP Boat

• Gas Turbines (Vericor)

LCAC

• Extended Duration Trial• Varying Blend Ratios (up to 100%

Biofuel)

Commercial Partnerships(MARAD and MAERSK)

• Research Asset

RCB-X

All Trials Showed No Impact to Hardware or Performance14

15

FFG Operational Evaluation

FFG 54 (USS FORD)• Operational FFG homeported in Everett, Washington• Propulsion: 2 GE LM2500• Lifted 25,000 gallons of HRD76 in February 2012• Conducted routine operations on biofuel blend

• Ship’s normal procedures were followed:• Fuel onload• Tank readings• Filtration• Sampling & Testing• Propulsion

• Ship’s crew noticed no differences operating on the biofuel blend

2012 Green Fleet Demo

• RIMPAC – July 2012 (18 Countries Participating)• Refueling-at-Sea• Flight Operations• Surface Combatant Operations

• Fuel Source: 90% Waste Oil/10% Algae

• 700,000 Gallons F-76 50/50 Blend• Two Destroyers• One Cruiser

• 200,000 Gallons JP-5 50/50 BlendHRJ5• One Carrier (flight ops only)

16

17

“As we make our next change – as we lead again in changing the way we power our ships and our aircraft, the naysayers who say it’s too expensive, the technology is just not there – they are going to be proven wrong again because every time we’ve changed we’ve made us a better Navy.”

— Mr. Ray Mabus, Secretary of the Navy

Diversifying our Energy Resources

Changing ParadigmsExisting Fleet

Efficiencies

Energy Efficient

Acquisition

Culture &

Behavior Changes

Tactical AdvantageDive

rse Energ

y

Resource

s

18

Questions ?

•Green Fleet web site: http://greenfleet.dodlive.mil/home/