The Role of Entrepreneurship in US Job Creation and Economic ...
US Job-Search Tips and Work Authorization for ......Job Opportunities in the US • Employers’...
Transcript of US Job-Search Tips and Work Authorization for ......Job Opportunities in the US • Employers’...
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USJob-SearchTipsandWorkAuthorizationforInternational
StudentsandPostdocs
GaeunSeo,Ph.D.GraduateandInternationalAdvisorCraigJones,ProgramAssistant
CornellCareerServices
AdrianaRovers,AssociateDirectorforProgrammingServicesInternationalStudents&ScholarsOffice
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CareerOffices:Undergraduates• Arts&Sciences:172GoldwinSmith
• AgricultureandLifeSciences:140Roberts
• Architecture,Art&Planning:103Barnes
• Engineering:201Carpenter
• Hotel:180Statler
• HumanEcology: 172MVR
• ILR:201Ives
• University-wide:103/210Barnes
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CareerOffices:ResearchMaster’sandPhDstudents
• AgricultureandLifeSciences:140Roberts
• Engineering:201Carpenter
• Hotel:180Statler
• ILR:201Ives
• University-wide:GaeunSeo,at103/210Barnes
ProfessionalMaster’sStudents: Visityourprogramoffice
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CareerServices:PostdocsandGraduateStudentsInterested
inaPostdoc
• ChristineHolmes,DirectorofPostdoctoralStudies:CaldwellHall,[email protected]
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Today’sAgenda
• RealityandOpportunitiesintheUSJobMarkets• JobSearchResources• CompanyResearchResources• WorkAuthorizationRequirementsintheUS
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TypicalCareerPathsofInt’lStudents
Work Permit H1B (85,000 quota/year) or other markets
Employment after graduation OPT (US: 12 or 36 months for STEM) or other markets
Internship CPT in the US In another country
Permanent Resident(Green Card) Citizenship
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JobOpportunitiesintheUS
• Employers’reactiontoINTLcandidates…**
• 20%of2,000USCompanies:“modestlyserioustoveryseriousabouthiringinternationalstudentswithbachelor’sdegreesoradvanceddegreesforfulltimepositions”
• Another20%:“considerawellqualifiedinternationalstudentforacertainpositiononceinawhile”
• Therestofthe60%“notinterestedatthistime”(15%,weareNOTpermittedtorecruitthem)
**CollegeEmploymentResearchInstituteReport,2013
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JobSearchResourcesonCampus• Handshake
o Internships,partime&fulltimejobs,on-campusinterviewso Events,careerfairs,andemployercontactso Advancedsearchoptions:Workauthorization,Degrees(BA,MS,PhD)
• StudentEmployment (OfficeofFinancialAidandStudentEmployment)
o On-campuspart-timeandinternshipjobsearch
• AlumniFundedSummerInternshipso BlumenthalInternshipProgram(OnlyforUndergraduateStudents)o AtkinsonCenterSummerInternshipProgram(BothUG&G)
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USJobSearchResources
• Fulltime/InternshipSearch– Simplyhired.com– Indeed.com:jobs,internships,&companyreviews
• InternshipSearch– www.experience.com– Internships.com
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GlobalJobSearchResources• MonsterInternational
– Connectsyouto51affiliatedjobsitesin44countries
• GoingGlobal(loginwithaCornellIPaddress)– Job/internshiplists– Country-specificinformationtofindemploymentopportunities
• Idealist (Non-profitsector)
• UNJobs
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AlotofResources…!NowIknowwheretobeginmyjobsearch…
But,HowCanIFindEmployersSponsoringMe?
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FindingemployerssponsoringH1Bvisabyusing•Myvisajobs.com
– Thebestsitetotrackemployers’H1BandGreenCardsponsorshiptrends
– 2017H1BVisaReports• Top100H1BVisasponsors• Jobtitles/occupationsreceivedH1BVisasin2017
•GoingGlobal
Identify“International-Friendly”Employers
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CompanyResearchResources• Universumglobal.com:Employerrankings
(World/national/regionalrankings)• Hoover’s:Comprehensivecompanyprofiles• Vault:Companyinfo,industryreports,&internshipreviews
(EnterthroughCCS)• Glassdoor:Employerreputation,interviewquestions,&salary• Uniworld
:U.S.companiesoperatinginforeigncountriesorforeigncountrieswithoperationsintheU.S.
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JobSearchSuggestion1INTLFriendlyCompany-drivenWay
1. IdentifyINTLfriendlycompaniesvia-Myvisajobs.com jobtitleorindustrysearch- Handshake advancedsearch,workauthorization
2. UseLinkedIn tofindandconnectwithpeopleworkingforthoseinternationalfriendlycompanies- Alumni,peoplecamefromyourcountry
3. Searchopeningsandmeetrecruitersfromthosecompaniesduringthecareerfairs
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JobSearchSuggestion2People-drivenWay
1. UsingLinkedIn keywordsearchtofindpeoplewhohavesimilarbackgroundsandseeemployers theyworkfor
2. CheckthetrendofvisaandgreencardsponsorshipoftheseemployersthroughMyvisajobs.com
3. Connectwiththesepeople– reachout,doaninformationalinterview,andfindoutifanyopportunitiesarecomingout
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WhatisInformationalInterviewing?
Conductingconversationswithpeopleworkinginthefieldofyourinterestforinformationandadvice.
Informational Interview• Conducted to gather
information and advice• YOU ask the questions• YOU guide conversation• Focus is on information;
not a specific job
Job Interview• Conducted to evaluate
suitability for a job opening• Employer asks the questions• Employer guides
conversation• Focus is on a specific job
opening and determining fit
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JobSearchDemonstration
• Case:Master’sstudentinCommunication
• INTLFriendlyCompany-drivensearch
• People-drivenSearch
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FinalAdvice
• Thisisnotastraightforwardprocess,soyou’llneedtodedicatetimetoyourjobsearch
• Widenyourcareeroptions(e.g.,workinginathirdcountryorowncountry)
• StartEarly!• Buildyournetworks!• Visityourcareeroffice—we’reheretohelpyou!• TalktotheISSOaboutvisaregulations
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UpcomingWorkshop!InterviewingSkillsforInternationalStudents
andPostdocs
Thursday,August245:15pm
175WarrenHall
Pleasewaituntiltheendofthepresentationifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutjobsearch!
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InternationalStudents&ScholarsOffice(ISSO)B-50CaldwellHall
Hours:Mon,Tues,Thurs,Fri:9:00-4:30;Wed:1:00-4:30
Ontheweb:www.isso.cornell.edu
Byemail:[email protected]
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WorkAuthorizationF-1&J-1Students
• “Maintaining” Status• F1PracticalTraining• J-1AcademicTraining• OtherWorkVisas
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“MaintainingYourStatus”
• Enrollfulltime• Updateyouraddresswhenyoumove• Keepyourdocumentsvalid:extendI-20orDS-2019!• DoNOTworkoffcampuswithoutauthorization
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F1OffCampusWorkAuthorization
Therearetwotypesof“PracticalTraining” WorkAuthorization:Ø CurricularPracticalTraining(CPT)ØOptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)
Thetraining/workmustbeinyourmajorfieldofstudyandNOTyourminor.
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F-1CurricularPracticalTraining(CPT)• CPTWorkAuthorizationismostoftenusedforinternshipsifyouareeligible.
• EASY-applicationisthroughISSOinsteadofUSCIS
• CanbeusedforPAID internships,cooperativeeducationjob,apracticum,oranyotherworkexperience
IfthejobisUNPAIDyoudon’tneedworkauthorization!
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F-1CurricularPracticalTraining(CPT)EligibilityRequirements
http://isso.cornell.edu/students/working-us/f1-internships-cpt
• Mustbeenrolledforatleastonefullacademicyear
• WorkmustbeREQUIREDforyourdegreeor
• Youmustreceivecreditinacourse
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F- 1CurricularPracticalTraining(CPT)EligibilityRequirements
• Workmustberequiredforthedegree(forexample,hotelstudentsarerequiredtohave800hoursofworkexperience)
• Mustreceiveacademiccreditinacourse(suchasNMI510;ILR599;Law673orindependentstudy)
• Theworkwillformanintegralpartoftheresearchforthegraduatestudent’sthesisordissertation
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F- 1CurricularPracticalTraining(CPT)
• Mayonlybeusedbefore graduation,whilestillindegreeprogram
• Full-timeduringthesummerorwinterbreak• Part-timeduringtheacademicyear(limitedto20
hourstotalperweek,includinganyon-campuswork)• Iftheyaregettingcreditforacourse,studentswork
fulltimeinsummerandtakeaspecificcourseinthefall
• CPTwillNOTaffectOPTunlessyouworkcumulativelymorethan12fullmonthsoffulltimeCPT
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F-1CPTApplicationProcedures
• Musthavejobofferinordertoapply• GotoISSOwebsiteviewvideoanddownloadCPTapp:
http://isso.cornell.edu/students/working-us/f1-internships-cptCompleteapplication—haveacademicadvisorsignoffonit,andbringcompletedapplicationtotheISSOatleasttwoweeksbeforeyoustartworking.Applicationcanbesubmittedviaemailisso@cornell.edu.
• MUSTgetworkauthorizationpriortoworking!!WillrequirenewCPTI-20,passportandI-94cardtocompleteI-9EmploymentEligibilityFormwithemployer
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F-1CPTWorkAuthorization
• ISSOAdvisorwillissueyouanewI-20withworkauthorizationonpage3
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F-1OptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)
IfyouarenoteligibleforCPTanalternativewouldbetoapplyfor“pre-completion”OPT.
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F-1OptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)
• EligibleforOPTafterbeingenrolledfulltimeforoneacademicyear
• Practicaltrainingmustbeinyourfield/major
• Maybeusedbeforeyougraduateoraftergraduation
• 12monthstotalperdegreelevel
(Aftergraduation,studentsinSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)fieldsmaybeeligibleforadditional24months)
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F-1OptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)
• Timeusedbeforegraduationisdeductedfromthe12months
• Shouldhavespecificdatesofemployment,asyoudonotwanttorequestmoretimethanyouneedforthework
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F-1OPTApplicationProcedures:ApplyEarly
• PickupapplicationfromISSOordownloadfromourISSOwebsite:isso.cornell.edu
• SubmitrequestforI-20onlineorbringcompletedapplicationtotheISSO.WewillcreateanewI-20andyouwillsendyourapplicationtoUSCISalongwithfee
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F-1OptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)• Applyearly.Itcouldtake3monthstoreceiveyourEmploymentAuthorizationCard(EAD/OPTCard)
• Youcannotapplymorethan120daysbeforethestartdateyouchoose
• MustsubmitapplicationtoUSCISwithin30daysofissuedateofnewI-20fromISSO
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F-1OptionalPracticalTraining(OPT)
• YoucannotbeginworkuntilyouhavetheOPTcardinhandandhavearrivedatthestartdateonthecard
• OPTcardisrequiredtocompletetheI-9EmploymentEligibilityVerificationformwithemployer
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J1WorkAuthorization• “AcademicTraining”
– Forpracticaltraininginyourfield– Eitherinsummervacationoraftergraduation
• DownloadorpickupapplicationatISSO
• CometotheISSOwithapplicationandjobofferletter.
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J-1AcademicTraining
• ISSOissuesyouworkauthorizationletterfor“AcademicTraining”
• Totaltimeavailableis18months
• Additional18monthsmaybepossibleforpostdoctoralresearchpositions
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OtherVisaCategoriesCometotheworkshop:“VisasAfterGraduation”
• ETreatytrader/investors• H TemporaryWorker• J ExchangeVisitor• L Intra-companyTransferees• O PersonsofExtraordinaryAbility• TN NAFTAprofessionals(MexicoandCanada)
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TNVisaNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)
ForCanadiansandMexicans
Requires at least a baccalaureate (bachelor's) degree or appropriate credentials demonstrating status as a professional see list of professional occupations).•Visa issued for a maximum of three years at a time depending on the job offer dates, and is renewable indefinitely
Canadian citizen applies at a port of entry with the following:•evidence of Canadian citizenship •documentation of professional qualifications, (diplomas, degrees, transcripts). These must show that the educational requirements for the above professional occupations have been met. •letter or contract from hiring company that includes: a description of the professional-level activity in which the visitor will be engaged; a full description of the nature of the job duties that the visitor will be performing; the anticipated length of stay; and the salary •$50 fee. •the visitor must be otherwise admissible under U.S. immigration law.
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H-1BTemporaryWorkerVisa
• H1Bquestions?• H1BBasics:
– 6years– Employerspecific– Portable– Dualintent
• U.S.PermanentResidence
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H-1BApplicationProcedures
§ FileLaborConditionApplication(LCA)-- Employermustpayhigherofprevailingoractualwage;noadverseworkconditionsforUSworkers
§ FileH-1Bpetition(FormI-129)
§ Overallprocessingtimeframe:• 3-4monthsnormally• Premiumprocessingpossibility:2weeks
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H-1BAdvantages
§ Duration:• 6yearmaximum• 1yearstayoutsideU.S.refreshes6yrs• additionalHextensionsifgreencardstartedbyendof5th year
§ Timetoworktowardgreencard§ NoadvertisingortestoftheU.S.labormarket§ H-1Bportabilitywhenchangeemployers
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H-1BDisadvantages§ Tiedtooneemployer§ NotflexiblelikeF-1OPT§ Paperwork,costanddelay§ October1st startdate+caprace§ “Self-sponsorship” canbedifficult§ Mustworktomaintainstatus§ Fees:• $825– cap-exempt• $2,325– cap-subject• $1,125– expedite• $3,000– legalfee
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WhatistheH-1B“cap”?• 65,000perfiscalyear• Of65,000,6,800carvedoutforChileandSingapore• Separate20,000forgraduateswithU.S.master’sdegreeorhigher• RaceforHcapvisas§ Quotayear:October1toSeptember30§ ApplyEarliest:April1(6monthsbefore)§ Pastyears’ H-1Bquotafilledveryquickly,sometimeswithindaysof
theAprilfirstdeadlinev Ifneeded,USCISconducts“lottery” toselectcasestobe
consideredforH-1Bapproval
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H-1BCapExemptions
• Lowerfilingfees/applyanytime• College/universityemployees• Relatedoraffiliatednonprofitentities(i.e.universityteachinghospitals)• Nonprofitresearchorganizations• Governmentresearchorganizations• PriorcapH-1Bholders• J-1shortageareawaivereddoctors
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VisasAfterGraduation
March1st
GoldwinSmithHall,HollisE.CornellAuditoriumRoom132,7:00-9:00pmPresentedbytheMillerMayerlawfirmandISSOStaff.