US Imperialism in the US Imperialism in the Early 1900sEarly 1900s

ImperialismImperialism

► What is What is ImperialismImperialism? Empire-building by ? Empire-building by dominating other nations either politically dominating other nations either politically or economically or economically

► Who is Involved? The United States, most Who is Involved? The United States, most European countries and JapanEuropean countries and Japan

► Africa and Southeast Asia are divided into Africa and Southeast Asia are divided into colonies colonies

► The competition for colonies will eventually The competition for colonies will eventually lead to World War I lead to World War I

Reasons for ImperialismReasons for Imperialism

► Industrial Revolution -- needed raw Industrial Revolution -- needed raw materials and markets materials and markets

► "white-man’s burden" & Manifest "white-man’s burden" & Manifest DestinyDestiny

Anglo-Saxon Christians have the duty to Anglo-Saxon Christians have the duty to "civilize" the rest of the world "civilize" the rest of the world

► Monroe Doctrine — no European Monroe Doctrine — no European involvement in the Western Hemisphereinvolvement in the Western Hemisphere

► Importance of Sea PowerImportance of Sea Power 1890 — Alfred Thayer Mahan — 1890 — Alfred Thayer Mahan — The Influence The Influence

of Sea Power Upon Historyof Sea Power Upon History

Examples of American Examples of American ImperialismImperialism

► Alaska (1867) — William Seward bought from Alaska (1867) — William Seward bought from the Russians – “the Russians – “Seward’s Folly”Seward’s Folly”

► Hawaii (1900) -- US citizens owned sugar Hawaii (1900) -- US citizens owned sugar plantations, plantations owners took control plantations, plantations owners took control of Hawaii and removed the Queen of Hawaii and removed the Queen Liliuokalani. Liliuokalani.

United States annexed (took over) Hawaii in 1900United States annexed (took over) Hawaii in 1900

► Spanish-American War (1898)Spanish-American War (1898)► China China

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy — John Hay proposed that all — John Hay proposed that all nations have equal access to Chinese markets and nations have equal access to Chinese markets and material.material.

1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy 1. Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy (1900-1908)(1900-1908)

►Wanted greater US Wanted greater US involvement in world involvement in world affairs.affairs.

► Advocated for peaceful Advocated for peaceful relations, but wanted a relations, but wanted a strong American strong American presence in to ensure presence in to ensure US prosperity.US prosperity.

► America as world America as world policemanpoliceman

► ““Speak softly and Speak softly and carry a big stick”carry a big stick”

Examples of “Big Stick” Examples of “Big Stick” PolicyPolicy

►Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1900): US can act as an international (1900): US can act as an international police power in Latin America. police power in Latin America. Used to justify intervention in Dominican Used to justify intervention in Dominican

Republic, Panama, Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras, Republic, Panama, Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras, Mexico and Haiti.Mexico and Haiti.

►Panama Canal: The US wants a canal, but Panama Canal: The US wants a canal, but Colombia will not agree…..so we “support” Colombia will not agree…..so we “support” a Panamanian revolt….and get rights to a Panamanian revolt….and get rights to build and use the Canal.build and use the Canal.

Examples of “Big Stick” Policy Examples of “Big Stick” Policy ctnd.ctnd.

► ““Open Door” policy— Open Door” policy— ensure China would ensure China would keep its door open to keep its door open to all countries for trade.all countries for trade.

► Roosevelt sent troops Roosevelt sent troops to suppress the to suppress the Chinese Boxers Chinese Boxers ((Boxer RebellionBoxer Rebellion), ), rebels who opposed rebels who opposed opening up China to opening up China to foreign trade. foreign trade.

2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” 2. Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” (1909)(1909)

► Encouraged US to invest $Encouraged US to invest $$ in foreign nations$ in foreign nations

► Dollars, not bullets, would Dollars, not bullets, would advance US authority and advance US authority and ensure stability.ensure stability.

► Ordered troops to Haiti, Ordered troops to Haiti, the Dominican Republic, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico. and Mexico.

► Use of force was a way to Use of force was a way to teach other nations how teach other nations how to establish law and to establish law and order.order.

Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy” (1912)(1912)

► US should champion US should champion democracy around the democracy around the globe and help globe and help maintain world peace.maintain world peace.

► Emphasized American Emphasized American ideals like democracy, ideals like democracy, believed America believed America should help spread should help spread those ideals.those ideals.

► Caused US to meddle Caused US to meddle in affairs in Latin in affairs in Latin America and Asia.America and Asia.