US History DCA #1 Review!!!By: Mrs. Luna

MERCANTILISM

The idea that the colonies were created to make money for the Mother Country (in this case England).

Mercantilism• Make money for Mother

• MercantilismO o

N 4 t E h Y e r

$$$$$ 4

COLONIZATION

New England Colonies

• Geography• Cold• Short growing season• Rocky area • Not fertile soil (bad soil)

New England Colonies

• Economy $$$$$$• Timber• Fishing• Whale hunting• Subsistence farming

• Why they came?• Money and religious freedom

Middle Colonies

Middle Colonies

• Geography• Fertile soil• Rivers and streams• Mild temperature

• Economy ($$$$)• Trading• Growing Grain

(the bread basket of the colonies)

• Why they Came?• Religious & $$$$$

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies

• Geography• Warm weather• Long growing season• Fertile soil• Flat land (good for farming)

• Economy ( $$$$)• Cash Crops (tobacco, rice and indigo)• Plantations – large farms• Slavery *labor force on plantations

• Why They Came?• Money

Triangle Trade & Middle Passage

Triangle Trade

• Raw materials are sent to England from the colonies.

• Manufactured goods (guns and rum) are sent to Africa to trade for slaves.

• Slaves are sent to the colonies for labor force on plantations.

•The middle passage is the slaves trip from Africa to the New World.

Sugar Act

• Tax on sugar

•All paper is taxed in the colonies.

•Newspaper, legal documents and even playing cards.

•Britain (England) sent troops to live with colonists.

•Troops were here to protect the colonists and enforce English Law.

•May 5, 1770

•Colonists and Soldiers (Called Redcoats because of the color of their coats)

•Soldiers fired shots – 5 colonists were killed

•John Adams, a lawyer, represented them in court.

Sons of Liberty• Patriots led my

Samuel Adams in the Boston Tea party.

• Were against that idea of taxation without representation.

•Ships full of tea were docked in the Boston Harbor

•On December 16th colonist dressed as Mohawks boarded the ships. They were called the Sons of Liberty and led by Samuel Adams.

•Dumped the tea in the water because of tea tax!

Intolerable Acts

• Intolerable means you can’t stand something.

• The King was very upset with the colonists and passed even more laws and rules on the colonists.

• He CLOSED Boston Harbor! Basically shut down the city until they repaid the cost of the tea.

•The colonists were very upset over these new laws.

•So they decided to meet, all the colonies to discuss what was going on and what they would do.

•Met to protest the Intolerable Acts.

•Met in Philadelphia •In September 1774 the Congress DEMANDED that the Intolerable Acts be taken back and that colonist be given back their power.

•Decided that the colonies had the right to say what their laws should be.

•They said that if the British used force they would fight back.

April 19, 1775

Battle of Lexington & ConcordMassachusetts

• The Beginning of the War

Shot heard around the

world!

Lexington

• When: April 17, 1775• Where: Lexington, Massachusetts

(about 12 miles outside of Boston).• Why: Patriots met the British in

Lexington Green because Gen. Gage was looking for weapons.

• Who: Minute Men v. RedcoatsWhat: Gunfire occurs – 8 Patriots die

Concord

• After Lexington, Redcoats head for Concord.

• British soldiers began searching homes, and some were set on fire.

• Minutemen made their way to North Bridge in Concord and met the Redcoats there.

THE OLD NORTH BRIDGE

Paine wrote Common Sense, a 79-page pamphlet in which he offered “nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense" on the idea of American independence from England. He began…

"We have it in our power to begin the world anew...American shall make a stand, not for herself alone, but for the world,"

Common Sense by T.Paine

• When: 1776• Where: Published anonymously in

newspapers• Why: To Support Independence • Who: Thomas Paine• What: T. Paine wanted the colonists to

know that breaking up with England was okay and that the colonies could do it!

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence

• This document was written by Thomas Jefferson

• Considered treason against England.

• Punishable by death.

England’s Army Continental Army (Colonists)

• Powerful• Excellent Navy• Large, well-trained

army

• Powerful• Excellent Navy• Large, well-trained

army

• Lacked weapons• Lacked discipline• Lacked supplies• Small, un-trained.

• Lacked weapons• Lacked discipline• Lacked supplies• Small, un-trained.

Strengths

Weaknesses• Crossed ocean to

war with colonists.• Didn’t know land.

• Crossed ocean to war with colonists.

• Didn’t know land.

• Strong commitment to the war.

• Knew land the land.• Good leadership• Foreign allies (France)

• Strong commitment to the war.

• Knew land the land.• Good leadership• Foreign allies (France)

1777

Battle of SaratogaNew York

• It was the turning point in the war.

• The Colonists swarmed around British General Burgoyne’s army for a triumphant victory at Saratoga.

• After Burgoyne’s surrender, Spain & France decided to support the colonies and send funds, supplies and troops.

Winter at Valley Forge

We had nothing to eat for two or three days previous… But we must now have what Congress said a lavish Thanksgiving. It gave everyman a few ounces of rice and a tablespoon of vinegar. The army was now not only starved but nearly naked.

1781

Battle of YorktownVirginia

• British General Cornwallis settled his troops in Yorktown.

• Colonists & France surrounded and attacked British troops.

• General Cornwallis surrendered. • ENGLAND SURRENDERS TO

COLONIES!!!

Ended the War!

Ended the War!

1783

Treaty of ParisFrance

• Formal end to war

Effects• US is independent.• Outlined US boundaries.

(Canada, Florida and Mississippi River

• US gets fishing rights.• Both sides repay debts.• Return captured items.

How did Colonists Win?

• Better Leadership• Foreign Aid

(France)• Knew the land• Motivation

(protect families and homes)

Great General Washington

Great General Washington