US HISTORYUnit 7, Week 1

Homework for the Week• Monday

• Read pgs. 494-495 and notes. Instead of a summary, respond to the question: How did the concept of ʺcontainmentʺ help or hurt the founding ideals? Explain its impact on 2-3 of our ideals.

• Tuesday• Study Vocab for a card quiz• Add 5 terms to your key terms packet

• Block day• Read and take notes on pgs 507-508, instead of a summary,

respond to the question: Did the US lose China?

• Friday• Read and take notes on pgs 510-513• Study for Vocab and Key Terms card quiz

Agenda, 1/28• HOT ROC – trivia quiz• Cornell Notes on PPT• Categorization activity

HW: Read pgs. 494-495 and notes. Instead of a summary, respond to the question: How did the concept of ʺcontainmentʺ help or hurt the founding ideals? Explain its impact on 2-3 of our ideals.

THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

Key Question: How did the Cold War develop?

Pre-test: Identify the following Cold War items

1. What are two meetings where the US, Great Britain and the Soviet Union made plans for post-war Europe?

2. Which country is portrayed in this map?

3. What is the main idea of this cartoon?4. What historical event does this cartoon depict?

5. What was the name of the US plan that gave money to European countries after World War II?

6. What was the Berlin Airlift?

Forming an Uneasy Peace:Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill

Yalta conference (Feb 1945)

Divide Germany into four occupation

zones

Support self government and free elections in Eastern Europe

Answer #1: Yalta and Potsdam

Forming an Uneasy Peace:Truman, Stalin, Attlee

Potsdam Conference

(July 1945)

Divide Berlin into occupation

zones

Should E. Europe be communist

or capitalist?

Truman suspicious of Soviets not

allowing free elections in E. Europe

Stalin suspicious of US nuclear technology

Answer #2: Germany after WWII

The Cost of War*do not write down

USSR USALives lost ~20 million

citizens~290,000 soldiers

Land Damage

Nazis destroyed many cities & countryside

Pearl Harbor attack

Economic Situation

Need aid to rebuild

Profited from war

Cold War Europe• Answer #3 - Stalin argued

that he needed a buffer zone to protect the Soviet Union from Germany

• Answer #4 - “Iron Curtain”- growing barrier between East & West

• Truman Doctrine- US policy to help countries resist communism

Cold War Europe

How did the US put the Truman Doctrine into effect?

Answer #5 - 1947-The Marshall Plan- designed to rebuild the allied countries of

Europe after WWII.

Part of U.S. plan to stop the spread of communism and create free markets.

How would the Soviets react to this?

Molotov Plan

Postwar Germany

U.S. wants economically strong Germany democratic gov’t &

capitalist economy

U.S.S.R. wants weak, powerless GermanyBerlin—in east

Germany, but divided among powers

Berlin Airlift: 1948-1949Answer #6 -

• Stalin blockades Berlin from Allies• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5GoIL9gVonQ • Airlift: 10 ½ months

• 2,326,406 tons of food and supplies

• 278,228 total flights to Berlin • Became a symbol of communist

resistance

Wrap-up• Sorting the following terms into these three categories:

economic assistance, foreign policy or alliances

• NATO• Warsaw Pact

• Truman Doctrine• World Bank

• Marshall Plan• Molotov Plan• Containment

Agenda, 1/29• HOT ROC• Review key foreign policy terms, NATO and Warsaw Pact• State Department activity (in groups)

• HW: Study Vocab for a card quiz

HOT ROC- Cartoon Analysis

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• 1949• Military alliance• 28 Member

nations

“The Parties of NATO agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all.”

Warsaw Pact

• 1955-1991• Military alliance• Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe

NATO and Warsaw

Foreign Policy during Truman/Eisenhower

• Directions: As a group decide the best course of action for the United States to take in each of the scenarios described.

• Imagine you’re in the State Dept and in charge of deciding our foreign policy.

• Decide what you think is the best course of action to take based on the policies listed on the sheet.

• Explain the policy that you’ve chosen and why you think it will work.

Foreign Policy during Truman/Eisenhower

• Use these policies to help make your decisions and be sure to mention them in your scenario decision.• Truman Doctrine- (1947)• Containment Policy- (1947)• Domino Theory- The belief that U.S. foreign policy should always

assume that if one country “fell” to Communism that the countries near it would fall to Communism- that is, that regions and not just countries need to be protected.(1954)

• Brinkmanship- The United States should be willing to go to the verge of war and use this as a threat to achieve what we want overseas.

• Eisenhower Doctrine- The policy of the U.S. will be to safeguard the independence of any country or group of countries in the Middle East requesting aid against [Communist-inspired] aggression. (1957)

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- (1949)• Warsaw Pact- (1955)

EUROPE

• Scenario One: In 1947, rebel groups in Greece begin a civil war against the current government. Russia provides the rebels with weapons, while Great Britain arms the existing government, a dictatorship. Great Britain, feeling overwhelmed, asks the United States to help out.

• Pick one of the following five actions to take and write a summary of the scenario and your decision in your notebook;• Refuse to get involved• Help by sending money to Great Britain and/or

Greece.• Help by sending weapons• Help by sending air and/or ground troops to fight

Make your own solution

• For each Decision, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements are you

employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond

to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

• Scenario Two: In 1956, Hungarians rebelled against Russia’s control of their country. They are protesting in the streets that they want more freedom. The Soviet Union reacts by sending tanks into Hungary to stop the rebellion. The Hungarians are not nearly as strong as the Russians and their only hope for more freedom is if an outside country gets involved.

• Do you:• Refuse to get involved• Help by sending money to Hungary• Help by sending arms to Hungary• Help by sending air and/or ground troops

to fight • Make up your own solution

• For each decision answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements are

you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

ASIA

• Scenario One: After World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control and divided into 2 countries: North and South Korea. North Korea was controlled by Russia, and South Korea was controlled by a right-wing dictatorship. In 1950, North Korea attempted to reunite the country by invading South Korea.

• Do you:• Refuse to get involved• Send money to help • Send air and/or ground troops • None of these suggestions works, I

would rather do:

• For each decision, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements are

you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

• Scenario Two: After World War II, A Vietnamese leader named Ho Chi Minh writes to President Truman and asks for the US to help him and his people fight against France for their freedom. Truman does not respond. Later, President Eisenhower sends money to help Frances in its fight against Ho Chi Minh. In 1954 the Vietnamese finally succeed in driving the French out of their country after a stunning victory at Diem Bien Phu. At the peace treaty it is agreed that Vietnam will be divided into the North (communist) and the South (democratic). The North believes that this division is temporary and that they will reunite with the South, but France and the US assume that this division is permanent.

Do you:• Leave Vietnam to its own future• Leave US soldiers in Vietnam to

help the South get started as a government

• Help the South build up a military so it can take over the North.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each division, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or

agreements are you employing in your decision?

• How do you expect the Soviet Union to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

LATIN AMERICA

• Scenario One: In Cuba, a local guerilla righter, Fidel Castro, was fighting to create a government that represented the needs of the working people. The current dictator, Batista, was unpopular with everyone and had connections to organized crime in America. In 1958, Castro succeeds and Batista flees the country. Castro seizes American property in Cuba and begins accepting financial and military aid from the Soviet Union.

Do you:• Refuse to get involved• Cut off diplomatic ties with the

country.• Send money and weapons to armed

rebels who will try and overthrow Castro.

• Use American troops to invade Cuba.• None of these suggestions works, I

would rather do:For each decision, answer the following:

• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements

are you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union

to respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

• Scenario Two: American companies have been located in Latin America for over a hundred years. During the 1920s, the US had stopped a revolution by the people in Nicaragua and Honduras that would have thrown out the dictators who helped out American businesses. High rates of poverty are leading to new groups of people in these countries suggesting that they try communism.

Do you:• Refuse to get involved in the internal

affairs of a country.• Send money and weapons to the

people who oppose the communists.• Form an alliance with the existing

governments that says you will all work together to resist takeover

• None of these suggestion works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements

are you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

MIDDLE EAST

• Scenario One: In 1948, Jewish people create the new nation of Israel, a democracy. Neighboring Arab nations and Arabs native to Israel, known as Palestinians immediately oppose the formation of the country and declare war. The U.S. decides to back Israel in this war but then worries that the Arab nations will seek support from the Soviet Union.

Do you:• Continue to support Israel whenever it

fights the Arabs• Try to also form alliances with the Arabs

without losing the alliance with Israel• Pull out of your alliance with Israel in

order to keep the Cold War from spreading to the Middle East.

• Try to get a peace agreement between the countries so as to keep the Russians out of Middle East.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements are

you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

• Scenario Two: In 1956, the Egyptian leader, Nasser, seizes control of the Suez Canal, which is located in Egypt but owned by Great Britain. The Suez Canal is of amazing strategic value since it allows ships to go from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, thereby sailing from Europe to Asia without having to go around Africa. Great Britain and France declare war and fight Egypt. Nasser gets support from the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union threatens “dangerous consequences”(nukes??) if the war continues.

Do you:• Continue to stay uninvolved in the war

and let Great Britain, Egypt and the Soviet Union solve it.

• Convince Great Britain and France to surrender to Egypt and give up the Suez Canal.

• Get involved, risk going to the brink of nuclear war in order to get the Russians to back down.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

For each decision, answer the following:• Why did you make this decision?• Which of the policies or agreements

are you employing in your decision?• How do you expect the Soviet Union to

respond to your actions and/or what message are you sending to the Soviet Union?

• What possible problems might come up and how will you handle them?

Agenda, 1/30-1/31• HOT ROC: Vocab card quiz• Summary of what actually happened in the scenarios• Essential question: Is there an appropriate way for countries to

approach developing new weapons?• Nuclear arms race

• T-chart on reasons for and reasons against the US having nuclear weapons. Label your items as domestic policy or foreign policy.

• Read 39.5• Weapons testing video clip

• 2013: Drones• Video clip• Add to your t-chart

• HW: Read and take notes on pgs 507-508, instead of a summary, respond to the question: Did the US lose China?

• Scenario One: In 1947, rebel groups in Greece begin a civil war against the current government. Russia provides the rebels with weapons, while Great Britain arms the existing government, a dictatorship. Great Britain, feeling overwhelmed, asks the United States to help out.

• Pick one of the following five actions to take and write a summary of the scenario and your decision in your notebook;• Refuse to get involved• Help by sending money to Great Britain and/or

Greece. • This was the basis for the Truman Doctrine.

• Help by sending weapons• Help by sending air and/or ground troops to fight

Make your own solution

• Scenario Two: In 1956, Hungarians rebelled against Russia’s control of their country. They are protesting in the streets that they want more freedom. The Soviet Union reacts by sending tanks into Hungary to stop the rebellion. The Hungarians are not nearly as strong as the Russians and their only hope for more freedom is if an outside country gets involved.

• Do you:• Refuse to get involved

• Hungary was part of the Warsaw Pact and we thought it would provoke the Russians to war if we got involved.

• Help by sending money to Hungary• Help by sending arms to Hungary• Help by sending air and/or ground troops

to fight • Make up your own solution

• Scenario One: After World War II, Korea was liberated from Japanese control and divided into 2 countries: North and South Korea. North Korea was controlled by Russia, and South Korea was controlled by a right-wing dictatorship. In 1950, North Korea attempted to reunite the country by invading South Korea.

• Do you:• Refuse to get involved• Send money to help • Send air and/or ground troops

• Working together with other countries through the United Nations, we fought a war in Korea for 3 years that ended with North and South Korea remaining 2 separate countries with the exact same border as at the beginning of the war.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

• Scenario Two: After World War II, A Vietnamese leader named Ho Chi Minh writes to President Truman and asks for the US to help him and his people fight against France for their freedom. Truman does not respond. Later, President Eisenhower sends money to help Frances in its fight against Ho Chi Minh. In 1954 the Vietnamese finally succeed in driving the French out of their country after a stunning victory at Diem Bien Phu. At the peace treaty it is agreed that Vietnam will be divided into the North (communist) and the South (democratic). The North believes that this division is temporary and that they will reunite with the South, but France and the US assume that this division is permanent.

Do you:• Leave Vietnam to its own future• Leave US soldiers in Vietnam to

help the South get started as a government

• Help the South build up a military so it can take over the North.• This becomes the Vietnam

War. More on that later.• None of these suggestions

works, I would rather do:

• Scenario One: In Cuba, a local guerilla righter, Fidel Castro, was fighting to create a government that represented the needs of the working people. The current dictator, Batista, was unpopular with everyone and had connections to organized crime in America. In 1958, Castro succeeds and Batista flees the country. Castro seizes American property in Cuba and begins accepting financial and military aid from the Soviet Union.

Do you:• Refuse to get involved• Cut off diplomatic ties with the

country.• US starts an embargo that

prevents buying, selling or traveling to Cuba.

• Send money and weapons to armed rebels who will try and overthrow Castro.

• Use American troops to invade Cuba.• None of these suggestions works, I

would rather do:

• Scenario Two: American companies have been located in Latin America for over a hundred years. During the 1920s, the US had stopped a revolution by the people in Nicaragua and Honduras that would have thrown out the dictators who helped out American businesses. High rates of poverty are leading to new groups of people in these countries suggesting that they try communism.

Do you:• Refuse to get involved in the internal

affairs of a country.• Send money and weapons to the

people who oppose the communists.• We secretly train and arm one

side of this conflict and thereby draw out the civil war.

• Form an alliance with the existing governments that says you will all work together to resist takeover

• None of these suggestion works, I would rather do:

• Scenario One: In 1948, Jewish people create the new nation of Israel, a democracy. Neighboring Arab nations and Arabs native to Israel, known as Palestinians immediately oppose the formation of the country and declare war. The U.S. decides to back Israel in this war but then worries that the Arab nations will seek support from the Soviet Union.

Do you:• Continue to support Israel whenever it

fights the Arabs• Try to also form alliances with the Arabs

without losing the alliance with Israel• Pull out of your alliance with Israel in

order to keep the Cold War from spreading to the Middle East.

• Try to get a peace agreement between the countries so as to keep the Russians out of Middle East.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

• Scenario Two: In 1956, the Egyptian leader, Nasser, seizes control of the Suez Canal, which is located in Egypt but owned by Great Britain. The Suez Canal is of amazing strategic value since it allows ships to go from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, thereby sailing from Europe to Asia without having to go around Africa. Great Britain and France declare war and fight Egypt. Nasser gets support from the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union threatens “dangerous consequences”(nukes??) if the war continues.

Do you:• Continue to stay uninvolved in the war

and let Great Britain, Egypt and the Soviet Union solve it.

• Convince Great Britain and France to surrender to Egypt and give up the Suez Canal.

• Get involved, risk going to the brink of nuclear war in order to get the Russians to back down.

• None of these suggestions works, I would rather do:

US nuclear powerDirections: After brainstorming 3-4 reaons for each side, label your reasons as focused on domestic policy or foreign policy

Reasons for US to build up nuclear weapons

Reasons against the US having nuclear weapons

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

How have our lives been impacted by nuclear weapons?• The clip you are about to watch is a record of nuclear

weapon testing that has been done by the 9 countries which have nuclear weapons.

• The screen shows the month and the year in the upper right hand corner. It shows the flag of the nation as it develops nuclear weapons and next to the flag it records the number of tests done by that country.

• Complete the chart as you watch.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY

Debrief

•Discuss with your partner:•What did you notice watching this?•What did you feel as you watched it?•Look back at your t-chart. How do you feel now about the positives and negatives?

•Class discussion – Is there an appropriate way for a country to develop new weapons?

Today’s new technology: Drones• The military today is in the process of developing

unmanned aircraft that can be used increasingly effectively.

• As you watch this video clip, add a new row to your t-chart for “Drones” and write down positive and negative reasons for using drones as you watch the interview.

• Feel free to also add your own reasons • http://

www.thedailyshow.com/full-episodes/wed-january-23-2013-missy-cummings (start at 13:10 minutes)

Debrief

•Share with your partner:•What did you put down on your t-chart?

•Do you think drones are making us safer or more in danger? Why?

Agenda, 2/1

• HOT ROC• Welcome to the covert operations during the Cold War:

“We can teach you this, but then we’ll have to kill you.”

HW: Read and take notes on pgs 510-513• Study for Vocab and Key Terms card quiz

“Soviet Threat”• Brainstorm:

• Why was there conflict between the USSR & the US?

• Possible reasons:• Division of Germany• Berlin airlift• Nuclear technology and

competition• Ideological differences between

communism and capitalism• Marshall vs. Molotov Plans• NATO vs Warsaw Pact

What should the US do?

• 1947- National Security Act• National Security

Council (NSC)• Advises the president &

oversees the CIA

• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)• Collects and analyzes info

by agents in foreign countries

Key terms

• Spying = knowing what’s happening around the world; getting information on what other countries are doing.

• Covert operation = changing what’s happening in the world by taking actions on spy information.

• Intelligence = information that’s gained by spies.

Predictions

• Which US President do you think was the most excited to use the CIA?• President Truman (he dropped the atomic bomb to end World War II)

• President Eisenhower (General during World War II

• President Kennedy (Served as an officer in the Pacific, started the Peace Corps)

President Truman’s use of the CIA• CIA was started while he was President.

• It was a continuation of the spying that had been used to win World War II

• Truman was reluctant to use covert actions he thought that it was a sneaky way to run foreign policy that shouldn’t be done by honorable nations.

• Some of his uses of the CIA• The CIA delivered suitcases of money to Italy to make sure the

right person won the election after World War II.• Allowed CIA to try to overthrow governments by hiring people to

march and protest in the streets

President Eisenhower’s use of the CIA

• At the opening of the CIA headquarters stated that intelligence is necessary during war to win and during peace time to maintain peace.

• During his time as President, the CIA missions more often failed than succeeded, often putting our contacts’ lives in danger.• The Russians, used to having a secret police under the Czar, were

much more successful.

• Consulted with CIA decisions, but also said he wanted “plausible deniability” if anyone asked him if he had approved covert actions.

• Allowed spy planes to fly over the Soviet Union. • Discovery of one of these planes cost him during peace talks with

Khrushev the Soviets accused the US of being untrustworthy.

President Kennedy’s uses of the CIA• Enthusiastic user of the CIA

• Ordered more covert actions during his 3 years in office than Eisenhower had in his 8 years

• Ran 150 covert actions

• His number one priority was to have the CIA assassinate Fidel Castro, the communist leader of Cuba• Some plots included hiring mafia men to help kill him• Also considered was using LSD to make him seem crazy during a

speech

• All attempts to kill him were unsuccessful – Castro is still alive today• Kennedy chose instead to create an embargo making it illegal to

buy or sell with Cuba or to travel there. He hoped this would lead the people to rise up against Castro and overthrow him.

• This is also still in place today

Fear of communism at home• We knew the Russians were spying on us also and our

fear of the communists taking over our country led to us accusing Hollywood of being full of communist spies and sympathizers who wanted make movies to convince us to become communist.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDnxgRzCB_M• (from 4:10 mins to 7:55 mins)

• What was the House Un-American Activities Committee? Did it promote or challenge our founding ideals?