The Civil War

Setting the Stage for ConflictKey issues

Slavery State v. federal government

Declaration of Independence (1776) Thomas Jefferson’s original draft sought to

outlaw slavery

Setting the Stage for Conflict Whiskey Rebellion (1794)

Farmers in western Pennsylvania refuse to pay federal Whiskey Tax

Attack tax collectors President Washington gathers army to end the

rebellion

Setting the Stage for ConflictAlien and Sedition Acts (1798)

Jefferson and Madison (Democratic Republicans) get states to oppose

Virginia and Kentucky pass resolutions nullifying the law

Nullification=the principle that states had the right to nullify or consider void any act of Congress that they deemed as unconstitutional

Setting the Stage for Conflict Missouri Compromise (1820-1821)

Missouri request admission to the union Northern and Southern state reps. fight in

Congress over whether to admit Missouri as a slave or free state

Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state

Rest of Louisiana Territory is divided into two parts

Southern half could have slaves, North of the line (except Missouri) slavery was banned

Setting the Stage for Conflict Nullification Crisis (1832)

South's economy is hurt by the Tariff of 1816 To free South from tariff, John C. Calhoun of

SC develops the concept of nullification He said the Constitution was a compact

between 14 sovereign states Each would then have the right to determine if

an act of Congress was constitutional If so a state could void the law within its

borders Tariffs are raised again in 1832

Setting the Stage for Conflict SC declares the tariffs unconstitutional and

threatens to secede President Jackson urge the passage of a bill

to allow federal gov. to use force if state officials refused to pay proper duties

Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers tariffs over 10 years

Avoids conflict for now

Setting the Stage for Conflict Indian Removal (1832)

State of Georgia tries to remove Cherokee’s Supreme Court rules in Worcester v. Georgia

that the state cannot regulate the tribe Jackson ignores Supreme Court ruling and

moves Cherokees for Georgia Leads to Trail of Tears

Setting the Stage for ConflictSectional Differences

Southern colonies: plantations Middle colonies: mixed economy New England Colonies: small self sufficient

farms, and towns that relied on trade

The Second Great Awakening Religious revival from 1790s-1830s Leads to the development of the

Church of Jesus Christ of Later Day Saints Their persecution led them to move

west as America expanded Inspires abolition movement

Fredrick Douglas, AA leader

William Lloyd Garrison, founder of the Liberator

Sojourner Truth fought for Civil Rights for women and AA

Compromise of 1850 CA admitted as a free state New Mexico and Utah would choose on own

whether to be slave or free The sale of slaves in D.C. would be banned Fugitive Slave Act would order Americans

citizens to help in the return of all slaves

Immediate Causes

Kansas Nebraska Act Territory, North of the Missouri Compromise

line was legally closed to slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act allows territory to vote

on slavery Opponents and supporters of slavery rush to

move to Kansas Struggle turns bloody and Kansas gets the

nickname “Bleeding Kansas”

Immediate Causes

New political parties are formed Republican Party forms in

opposition to slavery Abraham Lincoln elected

President in 1860

Immediate Causes

Sides are chosen South Carolina and 6

other states secede after Lincoln is elected president

Form Confederate States of America

Fort Sumter is fired upon

Upper South, 4 more states secede

Jefferson Davis is elected President of the

Confederacy

Border States: Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland and West Virginia

Union

The Confederacy: The States that succeeded

The U.S. during the Civil War

Preparation for WarNorth’s Advantages

More railroads More factories Balanced economy Functioning gov. 2/3s the nation’s

population

South’s Advantages 7 of the 8 military

colleges Trained officers Defensive war

Here is a photo of the Merrimack rechristened the CSS Virginia.

A few BattlesFirst Battle of Bull Run (July 21, 1861)

Significant Confederate victory Hinted at a long war

Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) The war’s turning point

Surrender at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865

African Americans and the Civil WarLincoln faces pressure to make the war

about slaveryEmancipation Proclamation

January 1, 1863 Freed slaves in states that seceded Had little immediate effect Ended potential support from Great Britain

and France for South

African Americans Fight

– Allowed to join union army after Emancipation Proclamation

– On warships served with white soldiers

– In army, served in all-black regiments

– 54th Massachusetts Infantry charge on Fort Wagner most famous contribution of AA, subject of movie Glory

African American Veteran of the Civil War.

Lincoln’s AssassinationWatching play at Ford’s Theater, April 14,

1865John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in back

of headBooth and conspirators are hanged