US History Study Guide.docx - Mr. Johnson's...

U.S. History United States History Study Guide Johnson—HHS

Name: _______________________________Unit 1: The New Nation Competency Goal 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) - The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PROGRAM: What political party did Hamilton help found? Who was another major federalist leader and president? How did Federalists “read” the constitution? What does it mean to say someone reads the constitution “loosely”? What was Hamilton’s argument for the National Bank? Why is the Constitution’s “necessary and proper” clause also called the “elastic” clause (how is government power affected by this clause?)? What is a tariff? Why did Hamilton favor higher tariffs? How would tariffs “protect” Americans? What sorts of goods did America need to import in the late 1790s and early 1800s? Why did Hamilton propose the Full-Funding plan? What did Hamilton propose to win southern support for his National Assumption plan?2. PRESIDENT WASHINGTON: What precedents did Washington establish? How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion? Why was Washington’s response to the Whiskey Rebellion significant (what did this response accomplish?)? How did Spain insult the US when Washington was President? How did Britain also disrespect the US while Washington was president? What did Pinckey’s Treaty accomplish? What did Jay’s Treaty accomplish? Why did Jay’s Treaty anger France? Why did Washington issue the Proclamation of Neutrality? What foreign policy advice did Washington provide in his famous farewell address?3. JEFFERSONIANS: Identify the two leaders of the Democratic-Republican party. Why did Jeffersonians read the Constitution “strictly” (what did they hope this would do?)? Why did Jefferson oppose the national bank? Why did Jefferson oppose Hamilton’s full-funding plan? Why did Jefferson oppose the Whiskey Excise Tax? Why did Jefferson support public education and projects like the University of Virginia? 4. MORE POLITICS: In what part of the nation did Democratic-Republicans live? What was the most common occupation for the average Democratic-Republican? Why were northerners most supportive of the Federalist party? Why did the Federalists usually support Britain in foreign policy? Why did the Democratic-Republicans usually support France in foreign policy?5. JOHN ADAMS: To which political party did John Adams belong? Who was his Vice President and to what party did this person belong? Identify the major international crisis which occupied most of Adams’ time as president. How did Adams and extreme or High Federalists respond differently to the XYZ Affair? What did the Convention of 1800 accomplish? What laws did Congress pass during the undeclared “quasi” naval war with France? How were these laws used to punish Democratic-Republicans during


the election of 1800? How did Jefferson and Madison protest these laws? What theory did Jefferson and Madison develop while protesting these laws? What was Adams trying to do through his “midnight appointments?”6. THOMAS JEFFERSON: Why was the election of Jefferson in 1800 considered to be a “Revolution”? What French term can be associated with Jefferson’s political leadership? What does this term mean, how might government be affected by such a policy? What does the Marbury v. Madison case have to do with Adams “midnight appointments”? Identify AND describe the power the Supreme Court gained in the Marbury v. Madison case. Why did Jefferson want to purchase Louisiana? Why was Napoleon willing to sell Louisiana (two reasons)? Which American Indian assisted Lewis and Clark on their expedition? What was the Lewis and Clark expedition sent to do (be specific- remember class notes & discussions). How are the Chesapeake Incident and Embargo Act connected to each other? What did Jefferson hope to accomplish with his Embargo? Why did Federalists hate the Embargo so much? In the end, how did Jefferson have to read the Constitution to purchase Louisiana? How was government power affected by the Embargo Act? How did these last two items sort of contradict Jefferson’s original intentions as president?7. JAMES MADISON: To which political party did Madison belong? What founding document did Madison essentially write? What did Tecumseh try to accomplish before the War of 1812? Where was Tecumseh defeated shortly before the War of 1812? Which future US president defeated Tecumseh? What nation did the US fight during the War of 1812? Identify 2 reasons Americans wanted to declare war in 1812. Who were the War Hawks and what did they want to accomplish? What happened to Washington, DC during the War of 1812? Which Greensboro, NC saved many national treasures during the War of 1812? What were the British trying to do when attacking Fort McHenry? What do we call the famous description of the attack on Fort McHenry today? Who won the War of 1812? What treaty brought and end to the War of 1812? What happened at the Battle of New Orleans? How did British behavior during the War of 1812 encourage the development of factories for the first time in the US? What was the most significant outcome of the War of 1812? Recommended Vocabulary:1. France & the Battle of Yorktown (15)2. Articles of Confederation (review financial problems and how Britain and Spain disrespected US borders, (16)3. Shay’s Rebellion (16)4. Ratification debate & Bill of Rights (17-18)5. Alexander Hamilton (61)6. Tariffs (62)7. Full Funding (paying off bonds at full face value, 62)8. Loose & Strict Construction (63)


9. Necessary and Proper clause (Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 18 of the Constitution, page 38, also review “implied powers” on page 63)10. National Bank debate (63)11. Capital Compromise and federal assumption of state debts (63)12. Whiskey Rebellion & Federal Power (63)13. Democratic-Republican Party (see chart on p. 64, read p. 65 if chart is not helpful).14. Federalist Party (see chart on p. 64, read p. 65 if chart is not helpful).15. Britain, Northwest Territory & Little Turtle (66)16. French Revolution, Reign of Terror, Federalist and Democratic-Republican party opinions (67 and class notes)17. Proclamation of Neutrality (67)18. Jay’s Treaty, 1794 (68-69, review also p. 15)19. Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 (68-69, review p. 15)20. Precedents (61) and Washington’s Two-Term Precedent (69)21. Washington’s Farewell Address (69, 72)22. XYZ Affair & “Millions for Defense, Not One Cent For Tribute (bribe money” slogan (70-71, class notes)23. Alien & Sedition Acts (70-71)24. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (70-71)25. Doctrine of Nullification (71)26. Revolution of 1800 or precedent established though the election of 1800 (73 and 71)27. John Adams’ “Midnight Appointments (class notes and pages 74-76)28. John Marshall (74, 76)29. Judicial Review (74, 75)30. Marbury v. Madison (75-76)31. Louisiana Purchase & New Orleans (76-77)32. Louisiana Purchase & Toussaint L’ Ouverture (77)33. Lewis & Clark Expedition & Sacajawea (77, 80)34. Barbary War (77)35. Reexport trade (78)36. Impressment (78-79)37. Chesapeake Incident & Embargo Act (79)38. Federalists & Embargo Act (79)39. Dolly Madison (82)40. Nonintercourse Act & Macon’s Bill No. 2 (82)41. Tecumseh & Tippecanoe (83-84)42. War Hawks (83)43. James Madison (why he supported) and War of 1812 (84)44. Burning of Washington, DC (84-85, 82)45. Francis Scott Key (85)


46. Battle of New Orleans & Andrew Jackson (86)47. Treaty of Ghent (86)48. Hartford Convention (86)49. Adams-Onis Treaty (87) Text Reading Questions (Chapter 1.3 through all of Chapter 2):

1. Which European nation helped George Washington and the American patriots win the War for Independence by defeating the British at the battle of Yorktown in 1781? (14)

2. What were the main problems with the Articles of Confederation? Be sure to include information about financial problems and how the Spanish and British disrespected American borders. (15)

3. What were the main arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution? What did the Federalist eventually agree to do to win support for the new Constitution? (17-18)

4. What group of people benefitted most from Hamilton’s “full funding” plan to pay off bonds at full face value? How did Hamilton plan to raise money to fund this part of his economic plan? (61-62)

5. Identify 4 arguments Jefferson and Madison used to oppose Hamilton’s economic plan. (62-63)

6. How did Hamilton convince southerners to support the plan for assumption of state debts? (63)

7. Identify the most important cause and most important effect of the Whiskey Rebellion (63)

8. What ideas did the Federalist Party support? Which leaders joined this party? What ideas did the Democratic Republican Party support? Which leaders joined this party? (64-65)

9. How were the British involved in the conflict between American settlers and Native Americans in the Northwest Territories? (66-67)

10. How were the two American parties affected by the French Revolution? Which side did each party support or oppose? Why did each party decide to support or oppose the revolution in France? (67-69)

11. Why did President Washington issue the Proclamation of Neutrality? (66-67)12. What did Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty accomplish? (68-69, also review #3

above and page 15)13. What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address? (69, 72)14. What caused the XYZ Affair crisis with France? How did the United States

respond ? (70-71)15. Why were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions adopted? What did they do?

(70-71)16. Why was the outcome of the election of 1800 significant? (71 and 73)


17. Why did President Jefferson want to purchase Louisiana? Why was Napoleon willing to sell? Be sure to focus on New Orleans and Toussaint L’ Ouverture. (76-77)

18. In what way did Jefferson’s decision to purchase Louisiana go against his philosophy of laissez-faire (laissez-faire = small or limited government)? (77)

19. How did the European war between France and Britain affect the US economy? Why did this change anger the British? (77-78)

20. Why did the British attack the US Chesapeake? How did the US respond to the Chesapeake incident? Why did Federalists hate the US reaction to the Chesapeake incident (79)

21. Why was Tecumseh an important American Indian leader? What happened at Tippecanoe? (83-84)

22. Why did the War Hawks dislike the British? What did they hope to do (consider Canada)? (83)

23. Why was the Battle of New Orleans significant? Who emerged as a hero after this battle? (86)

24. Why did New England Federalists organize the Hartford Convention? Why was this meeting probably a mistake for the party? (86-87)

25. What two concerns developed after the War between the United States and Spain? What territory did the US eventually acquire through the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819? (87)

Unit 2: The Age of Jackson Competency Goal 2: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism. Essential Concepts & Questions:1. ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS: Who was president during the Era of Good Feelings? Why did Americans feel like they had won the War of 1812 when the conflict really ended in a stalemate or a tie? How did the Hartford Convention during the War of 1812 affect the future of the Federalist Party after the War of 1812? How did the war of 1812 affect the national economy? How was the postwar surge in nationalism expressed culturally through architecture, the Hudson River School, and writers like Noah Webster?

1. THE MARSHALL COURT: Generally speaking, how did the major rulings of the Supreme Court affect the way government power was distributed between state and federal levels of government while John Marshall served as the Supreme Court’s Chief Justice? Elaborate and discuss the following cases: Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden.


3. SECTIONALISM: What is sectionalism? What cultural, geographic, and/or economic developments contributed to the development of sectionalism? How did the negative spirit of sectionalism replace the Era of Good Feelings? In the end, where did Sectionalism take our nation (review the election of Lincoln in 1860 for a hint)? How did the Tallmadge Amendment and debate over Missouri statehood contribute to an ending of the Era of Good Feelings? How was the debate over Missouri eventually resolved? How did the Corrupt Bargain election of 1824 also disrupt the spirit of national unity and help end the Era of Good Feelings? 4. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION CRISIS: What exactly is “nullification” and why was there a crisis in the first place? Why did the North favor protective tariffs? Why did the South oppose the Tariff of Abominations (consider both obvious economic reasons and subconscious concerns about slavery)? How did John C. Calhoun protest the Tariff of Abominations? In what way was this protest similar to Jefferson and Madison’s protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts we learned about in the last unit? How did President Jackson feel about the states’ rights? How did he feel about the Tariff of Abominations? How did Jackson’s view on states’ rights seem to contradict his view on states’ rights? What personal and political conflicts did Calhoun and Jackson have during the debate over the Tariff of Abominations? In what way was congressional passage of the Force Bill similar to President Washington’s reaction to the Whiskey Rebellion in the last unit? What person, also involved in the Missouri Compromise (and later in the very important Compromise of 1850) worked out a compromise to end the SC Nullification Crisis? Exactly how did this national crisis end?5. JACKSON’S BANK WAR: Why did people like President Jackson dislike the Second Bank of the United States (2nd BUS)? How did Jackson respond to Clay’s plan to re-charter the national bank during the election of 1832? Which political party developed in response to Jackson’s attack on the bank? How did Jackson use the Pet Bank policy to “kill” the bank? Eventually how did the bank war, specie circular and other issues contribute to the panic or economic depression of 1837?6. JACKSONIAM DEMOCRACY: What are the characteristics of Jacksonian Democracy? In what ways was the Age of Jackson a period where America became more democratic? In what ways did inequality also become more common? Review your vocabulary list and explain things like Universal White Manhood Suffrage and the Spoils System. Consider the status of women, African Americans, and Native Americans in your response.7. HENRY CLAYS AMERICAN SYSTEM: What were the main elements of Clay’s American System? In what ways was this American System similar to Hamilton’s economic program? How did the JQ Adams support for the American System impact Clay’s behavior during the “Corrupt Bargain” election of 1824?8. ANTEBELLUM ERA REORMS: When, approximately, was the antebellum era? How did the Second Great Awakening trigger the antebellum era reforms? What was the goal of the temperance movement and how was Neal Dow associated with this reform? Why did Horace Mann push for free public schools? What did Dorothea Dix fight to improve? Why did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organize the Seneca Falls convention? What did this convention’s “declaration of sentiments” declare? For what cause did Susan B. Anthony fight?9. ABOLITIONISTS: Why did the Quakers oppose slavery? What did the American Colonization Society try to do (and why would this be called “gradual” abolitionism?)? What made a “radical” abolitionist radical? How was radical abolitionism different from gradual


abolitionism? Describe the activities and publications of Frederick Douglas and William Lloyd Garrison. How did Sojourner Truth fight against slavery and for women’s rights at the same time? What does the murder of Elijah P. Lovejoy tell you about northern opinions toward abolitionists in the 1830s? How did southern “apologists” try to justify owning slaves?10. POLITICAL PARTIES TRANSFORMED (1790-1817): What were the original political beliefs of the Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republicans) and Hamiltonians (Federalists)? In what ways did the Federalists alter their political philosophies while Jefferson and Madison were president? How did Jefferson and Madison also unexpectedly adopt Federalist ideas? Respond by examining the 1st and Second National Banks. Also, review Hamilton’s economic plan and compare it to Henry Clay’s American System. Remember that two-thirds of Clay’s American System program (the 2nd BUS & Tariff of 1816) was created by a Democratic-Republican congress and President James Madison. What does Madison’s veto of the Bonus Bill to fund internal improvements tell us about the transformation of the Democratic-Republican party between 1790 and 1817? Be sure to also carefully review the way both parties debated Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase and also the controversy over the Embargo Act. Finally, consider the role of “Quids” during this time period.11. FEDERALISTS & WHIGS: Identify the primary leaders of the Whig and Federalist Parties. In what ways were these parties similar? What were also some important differences? Recommended Vocabulary:1. Robert Fulton/Clermont (97)2. Erie Canal (97)3. Industrial Revolution (98-99)4. Samuel Slater (99)5. Lowell Girls (99)6. Eli Whitney, Interchangeable Parts (99-100)7. Samuel Morse (100)8. John Deere (100)9. Cyrus McCormick (100)10. Irish Potato Famine (103)11. Nativists (103)12. “King Cotton” (104)13. Cotton Gin & Slavery (104-105)14. Henry Clay’s American System (110-111)15. John Marshall (111)16. McCulloch v. Maryland (111)17. Gibbons v. Ogden (116, 111)18. Hudson River School (113, 112)19. Adams-Onis Treaty (112)


20. Monroe Doctrine (114)21. Missouri Compromise (114)22. Corrupt Bargain of 1824 (117-118)23. Universal White Manhood Suffrage (notes, 118-119)24. Spoils System (119-120)25. Trail of Tears (120-121, 122)26. Worcester v. Georgia (121)27. Removal Act (122)28. Tariff of Abominations (123)29. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, & Nullification (123-124)30. South Carolina Exposition & Protest (notes)31. Force Bill (124)32. The Bank War & Jackson’s Veto (124-125)33. Jackson’s Pet Bank Policy (notes, 126)34. Jackson’s Specie Circular (notes, 126)35. William Henry Harrison & Log Cabin Campaign of 1840 (127)36. 2nd Great Awakening (134-135)37. Richard Allen (135)38. Joseph Smith & Mormons (137)39. Brigham Young (139)40. Utopian Communities (138-139)41. Ralph Waldo Emerson (140-141)42. H.D. Thoreau & Civil Disobedience (140)43. Noah Webster (142-143)44. Horace Mann (143)45. Dorothea Dix (144)46. Temperance Movement (145)47. Neal Dow & Maine Laws (145)48. Frederick Douglass (146, 151)49. Denmark Vesey (147-148)50. Nat Turner & Slave Codes (notes, 148)51. American Colonization Society & Liberia (148)52. David Walker (150)53. William Lloyd Garrison & the Liberator (150, 151)54. Sojourner Truth (155)55. Lucretia Mott & E.C. Stanton (157)56. Seneca Falls Convention & Declaration of Sentiments (158-159)57. Amelia Bloomer (158) Text Reading Questions (Chapters 3 and 4):


1. What was the fastest means of transportation in the early 1800’s? Whose invention helped make this transportation even faster? (96-97)

2. Why did New York City become the nation’s commercial (trade) center? (97)3. What did Samuel Slater first open? How did factory life change the lives of

Americans in the early 1800’s? (99)4. Who was credited with the invention of the cotton gin and how did it impact the

system of slavery? (104-106)5. What is sectionalism? Why did sectionalism develop after the Era of Good

Feelings? (107)6. What is nationalism? (110-111)7. What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System, and what was the

main goal of this economic program? (110-111)8. What did the Supreme Court rule in McCulloch v. Maryland? In Gibbons v

Ogden? Which level of government lost power in both of these cases? (111 AND 116)

9. Briefly describe John Marshall’s decision in Gibbons v. Ogden. (111, 116)10. What were the provisions of and the effects of the Monroe Doctrine? (notes)11. What did the United States gain as a result of the Adams-Onis Treaty? (112)12. How did the Hudson River School demonstrate patriotism? (112-113)13. What two states entered the Union as a result of the Missouri Compromise?

(114)14. What did the 36-30 line have to do with the Missouri Compromise? (114)15. What was the “corrupt bargain”? Who ended up as President of the United

States? Who received the most votes? Why did people suspect a scandal took place? (117-118)

16. How did Universal White Manhood suffrage make it easier for poor people to vote? (118-119)

17. What actions did President Jackson support related to the American Indians – Indian Removal Act, Worcester v. Georgia, Trail of Tears? (120-122)

18. Who wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest? What was he protesting? Why? (123-124)

19. What caused the persecution of the Mormons and how did they respond? (137-138)

20. What were the fundamental beliefs of the Transcendentalists? Who were two famous leaders of the movement? (140)

21. What social movement was lead by Horace Mann? Dorthea Dix? Neal Dow? (identify each movement, 143-145)

22. What is an abolitionist? Who was the one of the most famous white abolitionists? Who was one of the most famous black abolitionists? What arguments were made by Southerners against abolition? (150-152)

23. What was the political and economic status of women in the early 1800’s? (155)


24. Name two of the most outspoken leaders of the women’s rights movement? What convention did they put together to discuss women’s rights? (157-158)

Unit 3: Expansion & Crisis Competency Goal 2: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism. Competency Goal3: Crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. Essential Concepts & Questions:1. MORAL REFORM: How was the Second Great Awakening related to the antebellum reform movement? Why was there a need for a Temperance Movement? How did the movement develop and what did it accomplish? In what way was nativism imbedded in the fabric of this reform? Why did American leaders support the development of public schools? How were conditions in early schools different from today? Which leaders spoke out to support schools? What sort of reforms did these people seek? How was nativism also imbedded in the early efforts to reform public schools?2. SLAVERY: How was slavery in the New World and during the antebellum period different from slavery in the ancient world? How did white southerners try to justify slavery in America? How did slaves do their best to adapt and retain their humanity in such challenging circumstances? How did they also resist?3. ABOLITIONISM: Explain the religious roots of the abolitionist movement. Also examine how abolition and the issue of slavery were resolved by other nations. Additionally, identify the major abolitionist leaders and groups (be thorough and provide specific examples!). Discuss how the abolitionist movement also splintered or eventually divided.4. WOMEN’S RIGHTS & OTHER REFORMS: What reforms were advanced to treat disabled Americans more humanely during the antebellum reform era? What rights do women enjoy today which were denied during the antebellum period? How did women organize and work for equality during the antebellum era (be thorough and provide specific examples!)? Why were utopian societies established and what did they accomplish?5. TEXAS REVOLUTION: Why did American settlers move to Texas? How did the Mexican government expect Americans in Texas to behave? What triggered the Texas Revolution? Why did the independent Republic of Texas have to wait so long before joining the Union as a new state?


6. OREGON DISPUTE: What was the argument about? How did the dispute affect the election of 1844? On what terms did the US and British government agree to make peace and end the dispute? Why did many northerners not like the way the dispute was resolved?7. MEXICAN WAR: Why did President Polk ask congress to declare war on Mexico? How did Mexican leaders view Polk’s reason for asking congress to declare war? Which Americans opposed the war? Why and how did they oppose the war? What did the US acquire in the war?8. MANIFEST DESTINY: What is manifest destiny? How did American citizens and leaders justify this belief? How were American Indians and Mexicans affected by manifest destiny?9. SECTIONALISM: What is sectionalism? What things caused sectionalism? How did territorial expansion make the issue of sectionalism a larger problem?10. COMPROMISE OF 1850: What state triggered the need to create the Compromise of 1850? How did the Gold Rush contribute to the need to create the compromise? What two things did the north gain in the compromise? What two things did the south gain?11. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW: How did the Fugitive Slave Act affect people like Harriet Tubman? How did Harriet Beecher Stowe protest the Fugitive Slave Act? Why was the Fugitive Slave Act so controversial in the North? How did northerners try to block enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act? How did southerners feel about northern attitudes against the Fugitive Slave Act?12. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: Why were northerners angry about the Kansas-Nebraska Act? How did the law affect the Missouri Compromise of 1820? What political party was created after congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? How well (or how poorly) did “popular sovereignty” work? How did “Border Ruffians” try to exploit the law?13. DRED SCOTT: Why did Dred Scott argue he should be allowed to go free? How did this Supreme Court case affect the citizenship rights of both free African Americans and slaves living in the United States? Why did the Supreme Court decision in this case make northerners so angry? 14. LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES & FREEPORT DOCTRINE: What specific political office were Lincoln and Douglas campaigning to win during the election of 1858? Who ended up winning? How did Lincoln try use the Dred Scott decision to make Douglas look bad during the debate at Freeport? What was the Freeport Doctrine? How did the Freeport Doctrine affect the outcome of the presidential election of 1860?15. IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR: Why is the presidential election of 1860 considered to be the most immediate cause of the Civil War? How did the Freeport Doctrine affect the outcome of the election? How did the “Deep South” and “Upper South” respond differently to Lincoln’s election? How did President Lincoln respond to the “deep South’s” secession in his first inaugural address? Why did President Lincoln


wait for the south to fire the first shots of the war at Fort Sumter? How did Lincoln respond to the firing on Fort Sumter? How did the “Upper South” respond to Lincoln’s request for troops after the attack on Fort Sumter? Recommended Vocabulary:

1. Expansionists (168)2. Manifest Destiny (169)3. Joseph Smith (172, 137)4. Brigham Young (172, 139)5. Stephen Austin (174)6. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (174)7. Lone Star Republic (174)8. Alamo (174)9. Sam Houston (174, 175)10. James K. Polk (175)11. “54-40 or Fight!” slogan and the Oregon Dispute (notes, 176-177)12. Texas Annexation (176)13. “American Blood on American Soil” (176)14. Abe Lincoln’s “Spot” Resolutions (notes)15. Los Ninos Heroes (178)16. Winfield Scott, Sept 1847 (178)17. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (179)18. Gadsden Purchase (181)19. Adams-Onis Treaty (112)20. Louisiana Purchase (76-77)21. Treaty of Paris of 1783 (original land area won in the American Revolution (14)22. Forty-Niners (181)23. Wilmot Proviso (180, 193)24. Free Soil Party (195)25. Compromise of 1850, all 4 parts (194-197)

a. Californiab. Fugitive Slave Act

26. Personal Liberty Laws (199)27. Harriet Tubman (201)28. Harriet Beecher Stowe (201, 206)29. Popular Sovereignty (202, 195)30. Kansas-Nebraska Act (203)31. Bleeding Kansas (202-204)32. Border Ruffians (204)33. New England Emigrant Aid Society (204)34. John Brown & Harper’s Ferry (204-205)


35. Sumner-Brooks Affair (205)36. Know-Nothings(208)37. Nativists (209)38. Republican Party (204)39. Dred Scott case (209-211)40. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (211-212)41. Freeport Doctrine (notes)42. John Brown & Harper’s Ferry (212-213)43. Election of 1860 & Secession Crisis (216-218)44. Confederate States of America (218)45. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address (222)46. Fort Sumter (221)

Text Reading Questions (Chapters 5 and 6):

1. How did Americans like John L. O’Sullivan try to justify Manifest Destiny? (169)2. Why did the Mormons settle in Utah? (172)3. What rules did American immigrants moving to Mexican Texas promise to live by and follow? (173-174)4. Why did tension build between American settlers in Texas and the Mexican government? (173-174)5. Describe the treaty Santa Anna signed to grant Texas independence. How did the Mexican government and Texas settlers disagree about the borders of Texas (174-175)?6. Why did northern congressmen balk or refuse to allow Texas to join the union of states? (175)7. Why can James K. Polk be called an “expansionist?” What did he promise to do during the election of 1844? (175-176)8. Why did northerners feel betrayed with Polk’s management of the Oregon dispute with Britain? (175-176)9. What was the primary cause of the Mexican War? Why did the government of Mexico refuse to recognize the United States government’s annexation (takeover) of Texas? (176)10. Why would a person in the Mexican government disagree with Polk’s statement that Mexican soldiers have “American blood on American Soil”? (176)11. Why did the Whigs vote for the war even though many of them really were against fighting? (176)12. In what way was the combat of the Mexican War a training ground for the American Civil War? (176-178)


13. What was the Wilmot Proviso? How did it divide northerners and southerners? Why did southerners dislike it and why did pass in the House but fail in the Senate? (180, 193- READ BOTH!)14. What were some of the negative effects of the Gold Rush? Consider the impact on minority groups and the tensions between northerners and southerners. (181-183, 193)15. How did southerners try to justify slavery? (193)16. How are the Gold Rush and Compromise of 1850 related? (194-195)17. How did the fugitive slave act increase sectionalism (anger and tension between northerners and southerners)? How did the North react to the new law? (197, 199-202)18. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act repeal or “undo” the Missouri Compromise? (202)19. How did the Bleeding Kansas crisis demonstrate the failure of the policy called Popular Sovereignty? (202-205)20. How did the Know-Nothings try to attract voters and political support? (208)21. What sort of people joined the Republican Party in 1854? (208)22. Why did the Dred Scott decision anger northerners (209-211)23. How was the Dred Scott case a major focus during the Lincoln-Douglas debates? How did the debates eventually affect Lincoln’s political career? (211-212)24. How did southerners react to John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry? (213)25. Why is the election of Abe Lincoln in 1860 considered what triggered (started) the Civil War? (214-221)?

Unit 4: Civil War and Reconstruction Competency Goal 3: Crisis, Civil War and Reconstruction (1848-1877) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. Essential Concepts & Questions:1. SECTIONALISM: What is sectionalism? What things caused sectionalism? How did territorial expansion make the issue of sectionalism a larger problem?2. COMPROMISE OF 1850: What state triggered the need to create the Compromise of 1850? How did the Gold Rush contribute to the need to create the compromise? What two things did the north gain in the compromise? What two things did the south gain?3. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW: How did the Fugitive Slave Act affect people like Harriet Tubman? How did Harriet Beecher Stowe protest the Fugitive Slave Act? Why was the Fugitive Slave Act so controversial in the North? How did northerners try to block


enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act? How did southerners feel about northern attitudes against the Fugitive Slave Act?4. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT: Why were northerners angry about the Kansas-Nebraska Act? How did the law affect the Missouri Compromise of 1820? What political party was created after congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? How well (or how poorly) did “popular sovereignty” work? How did “Border Ruffians” try to exploit the law?5. DRED SCOTT: Why did Dred Scott argue he should be allowed to go free? How did this Supreme Court case affect the citizenship rights of both free African Americans and slaves living in the United States? Why did the Supreme Court decision in this case make northerners so angry? 6. LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES & FREEPORT DOCTRINE: What specific political office were Lincoln and Douglas campaigning to win during the election of 1858? Who ended up winning? How did Lincoln try use the Dred Scott decision to make Douglas look bad during the debate at Freeport? What was the Freeport Doctrine? How did the Freeport Doctrine affect the outcome of the presidential election of 1860?7. IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR: Why is the presidential election of 1860 considered to be the most immediate cause of the Civil War? How did the Freeport Doctrine affect the outcome of the election? How did the “Deep South” and “Upper South” respond differently to Lincoln’s election? How did President Lincoln respond to the “deep South’s” secession in his first inaugural address? Why did President Lincoln wait for the south to fire the first shots of the war at Fort Sumter? How did Lincoln respond to the firing on Fort Sumter? How did the “Upper South” respond to Lincoln’s request for troops after the attack on Fort Sumter?8. MILITARY STRATEGIES: What was the Confederacy trying to accomplish (how did they plan to win?) What did the Union need to do to achieve victory? What were the North and South’s primary advantages?9. LINCOLN & THE BORDER STATES: What is a “border state?” How did Lincoln keep the border states from seceding? What did Lincoln do especially to keep Maryland in the Union? How was the Emancipation Proclamation carefully worded to keep the border states from leaving the Union?10. SPECIFIC BATTLES: Where was the first major battle f the war? What was the North trying to accomplish at this battle? Who won this first major battle? Provide two reasons to explain why the Union capture of Vicksburg was important. Why was the Battle of Gettysburg the “turning point” in the war? Why was Sherman’s capture of Atlanta important (think about the election of 1864)? Why did Sherman target civilians on his “March to the Sea?” How did Grant defeat Lee? Where did Lee surrender?11. PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION: What is “Reconstruction?” How was Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction different from Congress’ Wade-Davis Bill? Why did


Johnson veto congressional laws? Which laws were vetoed? How did Congress respond to Johnson’s vetoes?12. IMPEACHMENT OF JOHNSON: What were the official and unofficial (or political) reasons Johnson was impeached? In the end, why was Johnson acquitted or not convicted and removed from office?13. MILITARY OR CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION: Why was the election of 1866 critical? How did this election determine whether the president or congress would control reconstruction? How did the Military Reconstruction Act affect the South? What amendments were passed to improve conditions for freedmen? How did southern governments change during this period of reconstruction?14. THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION: How did political corruption scandals and economic depression affect the way voters viewed reconstruction? Why is the Hayes-Tilden Compromise and the disputed election of 1876 considered to be the official end to reconstruction? How the Plessy v. Ferguson case also help end reconstruction?15. THE TRAGEDY OF RECONSTRUCTION: Who returned to power after northern troops were removed from the south in 1877? How did this change affect African Americans? What laws did southern states pass to discriminate against African Americans after reconstruction ended? Why was the Hayes-Tilden Compromise a tragedy? How might our nation be different today if things had gone better back then? Recommended Vocabulary:1. Compromise of 1850(194-197)2. Personal Liberty Laws (199)3. Harriet Tubman (201)4. Harriet Beecher Stowe (201, 206)5. Popular Sovereignty (202, 195)6. Kansas-Nebraska Act (203)7. Bleeding Kansas (202-204)8. Republican Party (204)9. Dred Scott case (209-211)10. Freeport Doctrine (notes)11. John Brown & Harper’s Ferry (212-213)12. Election of 1860 & Secession (216-218)13. Confederate States of America (218)14. Lincoln’s Inaugural Address (222)15. Fort Sumter (221)16. Election of 1860 & Deep South (218, map on 219)17. Fort Sumter & Upper South (220-221, map on 219)18. Anaconda Plan (230)19. Border States (230-231)20. Battle of Bull Run (232)


21. Monitor & Merrimack/Virginia (233)22. George McClellan (234)23. Robert E. Lee (234, 236, 251, 252, 258, 259)24. Battle of Antietam & Emancipation (236)25. Emancipation Proclamation (236-7)26. 54th Massachusetts Regiment (238)27. Conscription & New York (242-243)28. Copperheads (243)29. Jefferson Davis (244, 278)30. Andersonville, GA (245)31. Clara Barton (246)32. Battle of Vicksburg (248-249, 256-257)33. Battle of Gettysburg (250-253)34. Sherman’s March to the Sea (254-255)35. General Ulysses Grant (254, 25936. Election of 1864, Capture of Atlanta, other Union victories (255, notes)37. 13th Amendment (290, 259, 271)38. Appomattox (259)39. John Wilkes Booth (259-260)40. Reconstruction (270)41. Ten Percent Plan (271)42. Wade-Davis Bill (272)43. Thaddeus Stevens & “Radical Republicans” (272)44. Freedmen’s Bureau (273, picture on 272, 282)45. Andrew Johnson (273,46. Black Codes (273)47. 14th Amendment (290, 275)48. 15th Amendment (290, 277, 293)49. Military Reconstruction Act (275)50. Tenure in Office Act (275)51. Hiram Revels (278,52. Scalawags (279)53. Carpetbaggers (279)54. Segregation (280)55. Integration (280)56. Sharecropping (283)57. Enforcement & KKK Acts (285-286)58. Tweed Ring & Liberal Republicans (288)59. Panic of 1873 (289-290)60. Redeemers (290)61. US v. Cruikshank (291-292)


62. Disputed Election of 1876 (292)63. Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877 (292) Text Reading Questions (Chapters 7 and 8):

1. What does it mean to secede from the Union? Why did the Deep South states (SC, GA, TX, FL, LA, MS, AL) Secede from the Union? (218, map on 219)

2. Why did the Upper South states (NC, VA, TN, AR) secede from the Union? (220-221, map on 219)

3. Make a chart to describe at least 3 Union advantages & 3 Confederate advantages (228-230)

4. Describe the strategies to win the Civil War. How did the South & South plan to win? (228-231)

5. Consider Lincoln’s skillful leadership regarding the Border States (see map of Border States or Union states with slavery on 219). Why did Lincoln avoid the slavery issue when the war first began? (230) Why did Lincoln end General John Freemont’s plan to emancipate runaway slaves? (236)

6. Why, according to the text, was the battle of Bull Run surprising or shocking? (232)

7. Why was President Lincoln disappointed by the behavior of George McClellan? (234)

8. How did Lincoln use the Emancipation Proclamation as a tool to keep Britain from helping the South?

9. What big announcement did Lincoln make after the Battle of Antietam? Why did Lincoln wait for this battle to announce things? (236)

10. Why was William Lloyd Garrison unhappy with Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation? (236-237)

11. Why were there riots in New York City in 1863? (242)12. What is habeas corpus? Why did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus during the

Civil War?13. What problem was most damaging to the Confederate war effort? (243-244)14. Why were the Battles of Vicksburg and Gettysburg considered “turning points” in

the Civil War? Respond with information about BOTH battles. (248-252)15. Evaluate Grant’s strategy to defeat Robert E. Lee. What was Grant’s military

objective in 1864? What did he hope to capture? What major advantage did he have over the Confederates? (254)

16. Why was Sherman’s capture of Atlanta important? How did this and other Union victories influence the outcome of the election of 1864?

17. How did John Wilkes’ Booth’s plan sort of backfire? (259-260)18. Why did the Union win the Civil War? (260-261)19. What rules did the Constitution provide to guide the process of Reconstruction?

(270-271)


20. Explain how Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan and Congress’ Wade-Davis Bill were different. (271-272)

21. How were the Black Codes and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 related? Explain your answer (273-274)

22. How did the Military Reconstruction Act affect the South? (275)23. Why did Congress impeach Andrew Johnson? Identify the most important

general political reason and the specific violations which led to this dispute. (275-276)

24. Why did the Senate vote against convicting Johnson and removing the president from office? Consider the issues of separation of powers and checks and balances while developing your response. (276-277)

25. How did the Republican Party temporarily benefit from the 15th Amendment? (277, 278-279)

26. How did sharecropping produce a cycle of poverty? (283-284, see chart and maps also- 284-285)

27. How did Congress react to stop violent white supremacist groups from causing harm in the South? What laws were passed? How effective were these laws in stopping violence & discrimination? (285-6)

28. How did political corruption in President Grant’s administration hurt reconstruction? Why did Liberal Republicans complain> (287-288)

29. How did the Panic of 1873 help end Reconstruction also? (289-290)30. Why is the Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 1877 considered to have brought about

the official end to the era of Reconstruction? What happened to African Americans after Reconstruction “ended?” Review the Military

Unit 5: The Great West Competency Goal 4: The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860-1896) - The learner will evaluate the great westward movement and assess the impact of the agricultural revolution on the nation. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. NATIVE AMERICANS: Why did warfare between settlers and Native Americans erupt in places like Sand Creek and Little Bighorn? How did the federal ban on the Ghost Dance contribute to Wounded Knee? Why did Native American groups oppose Federal reservation policies? How did Helen Hun Jackson focus public attention on the mistreatment of Native Americans? Why did the Dawes Act fail?


2. RAILROADS: How did the Pacific Railroad Act motivate investors to build the first transcontinental railroad? What immigrant groups contributed to construction of the first transcontinental railroad? Where was the railroad first completed? How did construction of railroads impact the pace or speed of western settlement?3. THE CATTLEMAN’S FRONTIER: Why were railroads important to the cattle industry? How did Gustavus Swift and Philip Armour impact the cattle industry? For what reason were cattle drives organized? Who invented barbed wire? How did the invention of barbed wire affect the “Open Range” aspect of the cattle industry?4. THE SODBUSTER’S FRONTIER: What invention did prairie farmers use to cut through the thick sod? What invention did farmer’s use to mechanically harvest wheat crops? What law did Congress pass to encourage farmers to move west and farm the Great Plains?5. GRANGERS: What were the Grangers? Why were “granger laws” passed to regulate railroads? What did the Supreme Court decide in Munn v. Illinois and the Wabash cases? Why was the Interstate Commerce Act eventually passed?6. THE POPULIST MOVEMENT: What happened to farm production as a result of the Homestead Act and wider use of mechanical farm machines in the late 1800s? Why were farmers finding it increasingly difficult to earn a living during the 1890s? Who emerged as the leader of the Populists? What was the main point of the Cross of Gold Speech? Why did populists favor silver coinage or bimetallism. What were the most important points of the Omaha Platform? Recommended Vocabulary:1. Buffalo (365, 366)2. Sand Creek Massacre (366)3. Indian Reservation Problems (368)4. Black Hills Gold Rush & George Custer (368)5. Chief Joseph’s Long March (369)6. Ghost Dance (370)7. Battle of Wounded Knee (370-371)8. Assimilation (370-371)9. Helen Hunt Jackson (371, 372)10. Dawes General Allotment Act (372)11. Transcontinental Railroad & Land Grants (375)12. Central Pacific Railroad (375-376, notes)13. Union Pacific Railroad (376-376, notes)14. Promontory Point (or Summit, 376)15. Open-Range System (376)16. Cattle Drives, Transportation, & Cow Towns (376-377)17. End of Open-Range Ranching & Joseph Glidden (377 AND notes)18. Homestead Act (378)


19. Exodusters (379)20. Challenges Demand Solutions (378-379)21. National Census of 1890 (380)22. Gold Standard (400)23. Farmer Problems (401)24. Falling Prices & Rising Debt (401-403)25. Overproduction (403, notes)26. Grange Laws (403)27. Interstate Commerce Act & ICC (403)28. Omaha Platform (404)29. Silver Coinage/Free Silver (404, notes)30. “Negro Supremacy” (404)31. Depression or Panic of 1893 (406)32. Cross of Gold Speech (406)33. Election of 1896 (406-407)34. Populist Party & Progressives (407) Text Reading Questions (Chapter 11 and 12.1)

1. What changes occurred in the Southern economy following the Civil War? What invention made these changes possible? (360-361)

2. In what ways did Southern and Western farmers respond to the growing crisis in the farming sector after the civil war? (362)

3. What was the nickname given to the Great Plains area before the Civil War? Who were the primary inhabitants of this region? What was their main source of survival? (364)

4. For what reasons did whites begin to migrate West and force Native Americans onto reservations? (365)

5. What was the official name of Chivington’s murder of hundreds of men, women, and children? (366)

6. Why were most Indians unhappy with the Fort Laramie Treaty? (368)7. What were the negative consequences of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse’s victory

at the Battle of Little Big Horn? (369-370)8. What was the last battle of the Indians Wars, in which the “Ghost Dance was

stopped? (370-371)9. What did government officials hope would happen to Indians? Who was one

outspoken critic of this policy and of the general treatment of Indians? (370-371)10. What was the true purpose of the Dawes Act? (372)11. What was one major reason Americans began to move out West? Name two

modern major cities that were built around this industry? (373-375)


12. How did the U.S. government support the building of the Transcontinental Railroad? What two companies built the railroad? From what countries did most of the railroad workers immigrate from? (375-376)

13. From what country did most “cowboy culture” come from? What was the job of a cowboy? What contributed to the end of the “open range” cowboys? (376-377)

14. What did the Homestead Act do? (378)15. Who were the “exodusters”? (378)16. What challenges did the homesteaders face? How did they overcome these

challenges? Which inventions were important to their survival? How did the federal government attempt to help? (378-379)

17. Why did the West become a hotbed of ethnic conflict? (379)18. What was the last major land rush of the west? Who were the “sooners”? (380)19. In what ways were Chinese and Mexican-Americans discriminated against in the

West? (391-393)20. Why were many women angered by the 14th & 15th Amendments? For what act

of non-violent protest was Susan B. Anthony arrested? (395)21. What led to the rise of the Populist movement? (401)22. What were the farmer’s major complaints? (402-403)23. What was the purpose of the “Grange”? What were “Granger Laws”? (403)24. What were the major goals of the Populist Party, stated in the Omaha Platform?

(404-405)25. What did Populist candidate William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold Speech”

cause the Democrats to do? Considering his wide support, why did Bryan lose the election of 1896? (406-407)

Unit 6: The Gilded Age Competency Goal 5: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) - The learner will describe innovations in technology and business practices and assess their impact on economic, political, and social life in America. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES: What inventions improved transportation, farming, factory production, and everyday life in the Gilded Age (late 1800s)? Review your notes and vocabulary to identify specific examples.2. GOVERNMENT’S RELATIONSHIP WITH BUSINESS: Explain why and when business leaders supported the laissez-faire philosophy. How was the theory of social Darwinism used to support the theory of laissez-faire? How could one argue that the Gilded Age was really more of a pro-business era and not a time period guided by genuine laissez-faire principles (hint: review the Pacific Railroad Act, Pullman Strike, In


Re Debs case, Danbury Hatters case, and McKinley Tariff while answering this question). 3. TRUSTS & MONOPOLIES: What, basically is a trust? What can be good about a trust? What good things did business leaders like Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt and others do while developing trusts. Why were the business leaders also sometimes called “robber barons”?4. GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF BIG BUSINESS: What does it mean for a government to “regulate” big businesses or corporations? Why might it be important to learn about government’s attempt to regulate corporations? How were the Granger Laws an early example of government regulation? Why did the Supreme Court first allow and then reject state government attempts to regulate railroads (research the Munn v. Illinois Case (1876) and Wabash case (1882). What law did congress eventually pass to regulate railroads? What law did congress eventually pass to regulate monopolies? To what extent did the two federal laws really work to protect the interests of the public during the Gilded Age?5. THE LABOR MOVEMENT: Why is the labor movement important today? How did collective bargaining work? How did Business Owners work to stop unions from developing? Why were many common Americans generally opposed to labor unions also? How did the federal courts mistreat labor unions? How was President Cleveland’s handling of the Pullman strike also harmful to unions? How were the Knights different from the AFL? Why was the AFL generally more successful? Who were the leaders of the major unions and which major strikes, riots, etc. shaped the history of the labor movement in the Gilded Age?6. URBANIZATION: Why and in what geographical regions did cities develop during the Gilded Age? Who moved to the cities and for what reasons? What dangers and opportunities existed in cities? How did people like Jane Addams and Jacob Riis fit into the process of urbanization?7. IMMIGRATION TRENDS: Describe the “pushes & pulls” of immigration. Explain how the New immigration was different from the Old immigration and Recent immigration patterns. How also has the way immigrants arrive changed over the years and three periods of immigration? What examples of nativism exist in our nation’s history of immigration policies? Why has nativism been so constant over the years? How strong is nativism today?8. POLITICAL CORRUPTION: What are “political machines”? A machine needs fuel to operate, what did political machines use to run on? What was the name of the most famous political machine in New York City? Who was its leader? What political cartoonist help bring this corrupt leader to justice? Explain the scandals and corruption which developed while Grant was president. How did the Liberal Republicans and Mugwumps respond to political corruption and influence the outcome of the elections of 1876 and 1884? How did the actions of crazed lunatic and stalwart assassin Charles


Guiteau influence congress to pass the Pendleton Civil Service Act? How did this law try to end political corruption?9. GILDED AGE POLITICS: Why were tariffs and monetary policy hotly debated during the Gilded Age? What was the “Solid South”? Describe the typical republican and the typical democrat of the Gilded Age. How were the administrations of Grover Cleveland different from that of Benjamin Harrison’s? How did the Supreme Court misbehave during the Gilded Age?10. Why are students required to study the history of the Gilded Age today? Recommended Vocabulary:1. Gilded Age (348)2. Edwin Drake (305)3. Horatio Alger & “rags to riches” (351, 305, 311)4. Protective Tariffs (306)5. Laissez-Faire (306)6. Thomas Edison (306-307)7. Alexander Graham Bell (307)8. Bessemer Process (307)9. George Westinghouse (308)10. Granville Woods (307)11. Mass Production (308)12. Cornelius Vanderbilt (312)13. John D. Rockefeller (314-315 AND 312)14. Horizontal & Vertical Integration (313)15. Trust (313)16. Robber Barons & Captains of Industry (313, bottom of page & 314-315)17. Social Darwinism (315-316)18. Andrew Carnegie (317, 313)19. Interstate Commerce Act & ICC (316)20. Sherman Antitrust Act (316)21. Sweatshops (319)22. Company Towns (319)23. Collective Bargaining (321)24. Socialism (321)25. Karl Marx & Communist Manifesto (321)26. Membership requirements and broad social goals of the Knights of Labor(321)27. Membership requirements and “Bread & Butter” goals of the American Federation of Labor (322)28. Haymarket Square Riot (322)29. Homestead Strike (323)30. Pullman Strike (323-325)


31. Eugene V. Debs (323-324 AND 325)32. In Re Debs & Sherman Antitrust Act (notes, 325)33. “New” Immigrants (332-333)34. Pogroms (notes, 333- Jewish immigrants)35. Ellis Island & Angel Island (338, 334-335)36. Melting Pot (336)37. Nativism & Chinese Exclusion Act (336)38. Urbanization (340)39. Streetcar Suburbs (345)40. Tenements (344)41. Jim Crow Laws (388, 389)42. 15th Amendment (388)43. Plessey v. Ferguson (389-390)44. Booker T. Washington (390)45. W.E.B. Dubois (390=391)46. Ida B. Wells (391)47. Susan B. Anthony (395)48. Thomas Nast (398)49. William Marcy “Boss” Tweed (398)50. Spoils System (399)51. Civil Service Reform (399)52. Assassination of James Garfield (399)53. Pendleton Civil Service Act (399) Text Reading Questions (Chapters 9, 10, 12.1, 12.2):1. What factors encouraged the growth of industry in the decades following the Civil War? (304-306)2. Review the “Major Inventions” section of pages 306 and 307. Which inventions do you think are missing? Which inventions would you have added to these pages? Why would you have added these inventions? Identify and explain about at least four inventions.3. How did railroads help fuel (increase) industrial growth? (308-309)4. How were corporations different from old-fashioned family owned businesses? (311-312)5. How did Rockefeller and Carnegie use horizontal and vertical integration strategies to build up their companies? (313)6. How did the wealthy use theories like social Darwinism to argue that laissez-faire policies were best? Why did a believer in social Darwinism oppose providing government help for the poor (306, 315-316)7. How did the federal government begin to limit corporate power in the late 1800s? (316)


8. Why were workplace conditions so horrible in the late 1800s? (318-319)9. Why did workers create labor unions? (321)10. Why did most Americans reject communism and socialism in the late 1800s? (316)11. How were the Knights of Labor & American Federation of Labor different from each other? Which was negatively affected by the Haymarket Square bombing? (321-322)12. How were labor unions affected by the Homestead and Pullman strikes? (323-324)13. How was the Sherman Antitrust Act misused in the In Re Debs case of 1895? (325)14. How were the “new” immigrants new or different? Describe the “Push” and “Pull” factors which motivated the new immigrants to come to America. (332-333)15. How did new immigrants settle in the United States? What challenges did they face? What contributions did they make? (335-337)16. What percent of Americans were immigrants (foreign born) in 1900? How many Americans today do you think are “foreign born”? What might these statistics tell us about immigration trends today? (340-342)17. How did the development of streetcar suburbs affect the way the rich and poor lived in the city? (344)18. What problems did city dwellers face? What conditions seemed most troublesome? (344-346)19. In 1940, what percent of African Americans living in the South were allowed to vote? Why was this number so low? (388-389)20. How did Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois disagree? In what ways did they also agree? (390-391)21. What forms of discrimination did Chinese immigrants experience during the Gild Age of the late 1800s? (391-393)22. What number of Mexican Americans lost their land in New Mexico after the Mexican War? What other forms of discrimination did many Mexican Americans face in the late 1800s? (392-393)23. Why was Susan B. Anthony arrested in 1872? (393-395)24. How did people like Thomas Nast and Joseph Keppler educate the public about corruption? Unit 7: The Age of Imperialism Competency Goal 6: The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (1890-1914) – The learner will analyze causes and effects of the United States emergence as a world power. Essential Concepts and Questions1. IMPERIALISM: What is imperialism? Why did the US begin to engage in imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s? Why did people like Frederick Jackson Turner and Alfred T. Mahan favor imperialism? How did Josiah Strong adopt the theory


of social Darwinism to justify imperialism? How did the US benefit economically from imperialism?2. HAWAII: Why was Hawaii important to American trade in Asia? How did Americans gradually obtain economic control over Hawaii? How did Hawaiian leaders respond differently to the gradual American takeover of Hawaii? How did President Cleveland and President McKinley view the annexation of Hawaii differently? Was it right for America to annex Hawaii the way it did?3. SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898): Why did the American public begin to hate the Spanish colonial government in Cuba? How did the public learn about things in Cuba? What was Spain doing wrong? What specific event triggered the anti-Spanish feelings which led to the declaration of war? Why was it odd that the first major battle of the war was fought in the Philippines and not in Cuba? Who contributed to the American victory at San Juan Hill? Why was this battle significant? What did the US acquire in the Treaty of Paris of 1898 which ended the Spanish-American War? How did American victory in the Spanish-American War change the international role or status of the United States?4. MORE ON CUBA: How did the Platt amendment violate the meaning of the Teller Amendment? What is a protectorate? Exactly how did America retain influence over Cuba for a half-century after the Spanish-American War?5. FILIPINO INNSURRECTION & ANNEXATION DEBATE: What is an insurrection? Why did the Filipinos revolt against the US? Who directed the Filipino revolt? Compared to the Spanish-American War, how bloody was the Filipino Insurrection? How did groups like the anti-imperialist league feel about annexing the Philippines? Why did President McKinley eventually support annexation? How did life in the Philippines change after the US annexed the Philippine? When did the Philippines eventually obtain independence?6. CHINA: Why was trade with China important to the US? How did the development of Spheres of Influence threaten to disrupt US trade with China? What triggered the Boxer Rebellion? How did the US and other world powers respond to the Boxer Rebellion? Why did the US develop the Open Door Policy after the Boxer Rebellion? How was the Open Door Policy very similar to the Monroe Doctrine?7. PANAMA: What nation did Panama once belong to? How was America involved in the creation of Panama? Why was the US involved in creating Panama? Which US president was most involved in developments in Panama? How might someone in Latin America view American involvement in Panama? 8. BIG STICK POLICY: What was the technical or official name for Teddy Roosevelt’s Big Stick Policy? In what way was “financial supervision” used as an excuse to implement the Big Stick Policy? How did people living in Latin America view the Big Stick policy? How did Presidents Taft and Wilson try to “soften” the Big Stick policy? In what ways were Taft & Wilson’s efforts to “soften” the Big Stick Policy unsuccessful?


Recommended Vocabulary:1. Imperialism (454)2. Extracted Economies (454-455)3. American economic “surplus problem”(455)4. Alfred T. Mahan (455)5. Josiah Strong & Social Darwinism (456)6. Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Frontier Thesis” (notes and 456)7. “Seward’s Folly” (456-457)8. King Kalakaua (459)9. Liliuokalani (459)10. Sanford P. Dole (459)11. President Grover Cleveland (459)12. William McKinley & Hawaii (459)13. Jose Marti (460)14. Reconcentration & Valeriano Weyler (notes, 460-461)15. William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer (461)16. Yellow Press (461 AND 462)17. Jingoism (461)18. Sinking of the USS Maine (461-462)19. Teller Amendment (notes, 456, 462)20. George Dewy & Battle of Manila (463, 473)21. Emilio Aquinaldo (467-468, 463)22. 9th & 10th Calvary Regiments (464)23. Theodore Roosevelt & the Rough Riders (464)24. Battle of San Juan Hill (464, 466)25. Treaty of Paris, 1898 (465)26. William McKinley & Annexation of the Philippines (466)27. Anti-Imperialist League (466)28. Theodore Roosevelt & Election of 1900 (466)29. Insurrection & Guerrilla Warfare (467-468)30. Jones Act (469)31. Spheres of Influence (469)32. John Hay (469-470)33. Boxer Rebellion (470)34. Open Door Policy (470)35. Russo-Japanese War, Theodore Roosevelt & Nobel Peace Prize (470-471)36. US-Japanese “Gentlemen’s Agreement (471)37. Great White Fleet (471)38. Platt Amendment & Cuban “Protectorate” (473)39. “Big Stick” policy (476, 473)


40. Panamanian Rebellion (474)41. Roosevelt Corollary (475)42. Dollar Diplomacy (477)43. Moral Diplomacy (477)44. Porfirio Diaz (478)45. Francisco Madera (479)46. President Wilson & Victoriano Carranza (479)47. Francisco “Pancho” Villa (479)48. John J. Pershing (479) Text Reading Questions (Chapter 14):1. How did America’s role in the world begin to change in the late 1800s (454)?2. What were the economic benefits of imperialism? (454-455)3. How did Alfred T. Mahan argue in favor of imperialism? (455)4. How did Josiah Strong borrow the idea of social Darwinism to justify imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s? (456)5. How did Frederick Jackson Turner argue for imperialism? (456)6. How and why did the United States annex Hawaii? In what way was the annexation of Hawaii controversial? Consider, especially, President Cleveland’s perspective. (457-459)7. Why was America’s victory in the Spanish-American War important? (466, 460)8. How did the policy of Reconcentration and Yellow Journalism fuel or increase anti-Spanish feelings in America? (notes, 460-461)9. Describe the primary causes of the Spanish-American War. Identify and describe at least three issues or events in your response (460-463)10. Where was the first battle of the Spanish-American war fought? How did the location of this battle contradict the official reasons for declaring war against Spain in 1898? (463, 40-463, notes)11. In what way were American soldiers really underprepared for fighting in the warm tropics of Cuba? (465, 463-464)12. How did the Rough Riders and African American cavalry units contribute to the war effort? (464-465)13. Why did people like President McKinley support annexation of the Philippines? (notes, 466)14. Why did the Anti-Imperialist League oppose annexation of the Philippines?15. What do Theodore Roosevelt and Andrew Jackson have in common? (466, 86)16. What triggered the Filipino Insurrection? Why did hostilities erupt in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? (467-469)17. How did the death and injury rates of the Filipino Insurrection compare to those suffered during the Spanish-American War? (468)18. How and when were the Filipinos granted independence? (469)


19. In what way did the development of “spheres of influence” produce a threat to Chinese territorial independence and free trade for American businesses? (notes, 469-470)20. Why did the US issue the “Open Door Policy” after the Boxer Rebellion? (470)21. How can the Open Door Policy be compared to the Monroe Doctrine? (470, 114)22. Why did President Theodore Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905? In what way was this award to an American president symbolic? (470-471)23. How did the Platt Amendment violate the intention of the Teller Amendment? What power did American gain by making Cuba a “protectorate?” (473, 456, 462, notes)24. Why might the Colombian government dislike the way in which President Roosevelt gained control over the Canal Zone for the United States? (474-475)25. Describe President Theodore Roosevelt’s “Corollary.” What forced the US to play the role of an “international police force” in the region? (notes, 475)26. In what ways did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson react similarly to Latin America? How were their foreign polices more similar than different? (475-478)27. Why did President Wilson send troops to try and capture Pancho Villa? Why were US troops eventually withdrawn from Mexico in 1917? (477-479) Unit 8: The Progressive Era

Competency Goal 7: The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) – The learner will analyze the economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive Period. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. PROGRESSIVES: What problems did the Progressive Movement try to fix? What sort of people became progressive reformers? In what ways were the progressives and populists similar? How were the two groups also different? What major reform was noticeably forgotten by many progressives (hint: it was a major focus during the reform era of the 1960s and also became the biggest reform movement during the antebellum era before the Civil War)?2. WOMEN REFORMERS & MUCKRAKERS: Who were some of the most important female progressive reformers? What specific reforms did they focus on to correct? Who were some of the most important muckrakers? What reforms did they write about? What laws were sometimes passed in response to their writings, especially Upton Sinclair?3. THE STRUGGLE FOR THE ANTHONY AMENDMENT: Why were western states like Wyoming the first to grant women full political rights? Why is the 19thAmendment sometimes called the Anthony Amendment? How did the NOAWS feel about the Anthony Amendment? How did Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt use different


methods to achieve suffrage? What struggles did suffragettes experience while fighting for the Anthony Amendment?4. SQUARE DEAL: How did President Roosevelt protect consumers from corporate abuse (mention specific laws)? How did Roosevelt strengthen both the ICC and Sherman Antitrust Act? How did Roosevelt view good and bad trusts differently? How did he conserve the environment? In what way did Roosevelt manage the Pennsylvania coal strike differently from the way Cleveland managed the Pullman Strike? Why was the coal strike such a problem and how exactly did Roosevelt end the trouble? How was the Northern Securities case different from the EC Knight (1895) decision studied in unit 6? In what way did the Brownsville Incident illustrate the limits to Roosevelt’s positive reforms?5. TAFT’S TROUBLES: Why did Roosevelt eventually get mad at Taft? Pay special attention to the Payne-Aldrich Tariff, US Steel Company, and Pinchot-Ballinger controversy. What political party did Roosevelt eventually organize to oppose Taft? How did the split in the Republican Party change the outcome of the presidential election of 1912?6. PRESIDENT WILSON’S REFORMS: Why was Wilson elected president in 1912? How did Wilson try to make the tax structure more equitable or fair? How did Wilson also reform the banking industry? Additionally, how did Wilson work to protect the rights of workers and consumers (provide SPECIFIC examples). How did the Ludlow Massacre and Wilson’s views regarding segregation illustrate the limits to his positive reforms?7. 16th & 17th AMENDMENTS: In what way was the 16th Amendment an attempt to make federal tax policies fairer? What is the difference between progressive and regressive taxation? What which tariffs discussed in this unit were more or less progressive or regressive? How did the 17th Amendment make government more democratic? In what way was this also an attack n the power of political machines? How were the recall, initiative, and referendums also used to increase the public’s power over government and to reduce the power of political machines? How was the Australian ballot also used to reduce the power of political machines?8. THE STRUGGLE AGAINST DISCRIMINATION: How were the views and methods of Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois different? How did the Niagara Convention and Springfield Riot of 1908 lead to the creation of the NAACP? What other progressive reformers help found the NAACP? How was the Urban League similar and different to the NACCP? Why was the Anti-Defamation League established in 1913? How did other groups fight against discrimination during the Progressive Era? Recommended Vocabulary:1. Progressives (416-417)2. Muckrakers (418-419)3. Theodore Roosevelt (438-443)


4. Square Deal (438)5. Pennsylvania Coal Strike (439)6. Elkins & Hepburn Acts (439)7. Trustbusters (440)8. US v. Northern Securities Company (440, 1036)9. Good & Bad Trusts (440 AND 442- Taft)10. Meat Inspection Act & Upton Sinclair (440)11. Pure Food & Drug Act (440)12. John Muir & Gifford Pinchot (440-442)13. William Howard Taft (442)14. Payne-Aldrich Tariff (442-443)15. US Steel Controversy (443)16. Pinchot-Ballinger Controversy (443)17. New Nationalism (443)18. Progressive or Bull Moose Party & Election of 1912 (443-445)19. New Freedom (444-445)20. Underwood Tariff Act (445)21. 16th Amendment (445)22. Progressive and Regressive Tax Policies (notes)23. Federal Reserve Act (445-446)24. FTC (446)25. Clayton Antitrust Act & Samuel Gompers (446)26. Adamson Act (446)27. Ludlow Massacre of 1914 (446-447)28. Lincoln Steffens (418)29. Jacob Riis (418-419)30. Ida Tarbell (419)31. Upton Sinclair (440, 419)32. Social Gospel (420)33. Settlement Houses, Jane Addams & Hull House (421)34. Florence Kelley (421 AND 424, 426)35. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (421 AND 425)36. Workers’ Compensation Laws (421)37. Robert LaFollet’s Wisconsin Plan (422-423)a. Initiativeb. Referendumc. Recall38. 17th Amendment (423)39. Australian Ballot (notes)40. Lochner v. New York(421, 1034)41. Muller v. Oregon (426, 1035)


42. Temperance Movement (426)43. WCTU (426)44. Margaret Sanger (426)45. Ida B. Wells (427)46. Susan B. Anthony (427)47. Carrie Chapman Catt & “winning plan” (427)48. Suffragettes (427)49. NOAWS (427)50. Alice Paul & social activism (428-429)51. 19th Amendment (429-430)52. November 2, 1920 (430)53. Booker T. Washington (433-434)54. WEB Dubois (433-435)55. Niagara Movement & Springfield Riots (434)56. NAACP (435)57. Roosevelt & the Brownsville Riot (notes)58. Wilson & Segregation (notes) Text Reading Questions (Chapter 13):1. Identify some of the common beliefs all progressives shared (416).2. How was progressivism similar and different to the Populist Movement (416-417 AND 423)? Make a chart or Venn diagram to illustrate your thoughts.3. What were the goals of the progressives? What issues did they target o fix? List at least four (417).4. How did muckrakers educate the public about the need to reform society? Review the muckrakers on pages 418 and 419 and identify the one you would’ve liked to read about the most. Explain why you selected your choice.5. Describe Walter Rauschenbusch’s ideas about the Social Gospel and the Progressive Movement (420).6. How did progressives work to help the urban poor? What information can one learn by reviewing the charts and information provided on pages 420 and 421?7. How did progressives react to the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (421)?8. How did a natural disaster alter the way many cities organized local governments (422)?9. How did progressive reformers improve the way state governments operated (422-423)?10. What forms of discrimination affected women around the Turn of the Century? (425-426)11. Compare and contrast the Lochner v. NY and Muller v. Oregon cases. (421, 426, 10034-1035).


12. Review the activities of Florence Kellley, Ida B. Wells, and Margaret Sanger. Which woman do you admire most? Why? (426-427)13. Compare and contrast the activities of Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul (427-429).14. How did the Americanization program accidentally disrespect many immigrant and ethnic cultures? (432-433)15. Compare and contrast the goals and methods of Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois (433-434)16. What events led to the creation of the NAACP? (434-435)17. How did Theodore become President? Be sure to mention his early life and rise in politics (437-438)?18. Contrast Roosevelt’s handling of the Pennsylvania Coal Strike to Cleveland’s reaction to the Pullman Strike (439 and 323-325).19. How did Roosevelt improve or strengthen the Interstate Commerce Act and Sherman Antitrust Act (439-440)?20. How did Roosevelt protect consumers and the environment (440-442)?21. Why did Roosevelt get angry with President Taft (442-443)?22. How did Roosevelt’s Bull Moose or Progressive Party alter the outcome of the election of 192 (443-445)?23. How did Wilson alter the way the federal government collected taxes (445 and notes)?24. Why did Eugene Debs call the Clayton Antitrust Act the “magna carta” of the labor movement (note: the magna carta was the first document establishing democracy- it started something big)? In what way can the Clayton Antitrust Act be considered as something very different than the result of the In Re Debs case (447, 325, 1034, notes).25. What were the long-term effects of the Progressive Era (1900-1920) on American life (447)? Unit 9: World War One and Its Aftermath Competency Goal 8: The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930) - The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War I and the war’s influence on international affairs during the 1920s. Competency Goal 9: Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and political changes of the decades of “The Twenties” and “The Thirties.” Essential Concepts and Questions:

1. CAUSES OF WWI & M.A.I.N: Why were militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism considered the MAIN causes of WWI? What event really triggered


the war? Which nations belonged to which alliance? During the war, which nations joined the Allies and Central Powers? What was the fighting like along the Western Front?

2. AMERICA IS DRAGGED INTO WWI: How did President Wilson respond to WWI? How did the Lusitania event challenge this position? What was Wilson’s re-election slogan when he ran for president again in 1916? Why was the Sussex Pledge important? How did the Zimmerman Telegram violate the Sussex Pledge? How did the US respond to the Sussex Pledge? Why were Americans concerned about the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk and communist-led Russia Revolution of 1917? What did Wilson tell Congress when asking Congress to declare war?

3. AMERICA”S HOMEFRONT DURING WWI: Generally, speaking, what happened to government power and personal freedom during WWI? What laws were passed to “enforce patriotism” during WWI? How did the CPI also motivate people to stay loyal to America during WWI? Why was the Schenk v. US case important? Generally speaking, how were socialists and union leaders treated during WWI? Why were the WIB and War Labor Board important? What did the Selective Service Act accomplish? What did the Food Administration accomplish and who was this agency’s director? What did Wilson tell Congress when asking Congress to declare war? Why did suffragettes like Alice Paul complain about Wilson’s explanation for entering WWI? How did women contribute to WWI? How were women eventually rewarded for their contributions? What was the Great Migration? Why did people participate in the Great Migration? Why was prohibition finally passed during WWI?

4. WWI PLANS FOR PEACE: Describe, in detail, Wilson’s plan for peace. How was Wilson’s 14 Point Plan different from the Treaty of Versailles? Why did Wilson sign the Treaty of Versailles when that treaty was so different from what he wanted? Identify at least three important flaws in the Treaty of Versailles. What does the term “ratify” mean? Research the “reservationists” and “irreconcilables” and explain why the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles. How did Article X affect the Senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles? What is the League of Nations? What is a similar organization which exists today? How was the League of Nations negatively affected by the senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles?

5. POSTWAR CONVERSION DIFFICULTIES: What exactly is a “postwar conversion?” Why was the post war conversion difficult (provide examples).

6. POSTWAR INTOLERANCE: Why were the Espionage & Sedition Acts passed during WWI? How did these laws and the behavior of the CPI during WWI sort of negatively “brainwash” the American public? How did this psychological transformation of public opinion continue to affect American society after the war was over? Consider the causes and events known as the Red Scare and the


Palmer Raids. Consider the Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti. Consider the rise of the new KKK. Consider the quota laws congress created in the 1920s.

7. RURAL-URBAN TENSION IN THE 1920s: Why was the Census report of 1920 important? What is fundamentalism? How was the Scopes trial and example of the tension between urban modern ways of life and fundamentalism? Which group supported prohibition the most- urban or rural areas? Which group also was more likely to be alarmed by the “new” immigration? Why did many in rural areas support the new KKK?

8. THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE: How did the Great Migration contribute to the Harlem Renaissance? What sort of music, literature, and other artistic forms expanded? Who were some of the leading participants in the Harlem Renaissance? How exactly did they contribute? Consider important musicians, actors, writers. Also review the story of Marcus Garvey.

9. THE ROARING TWENTIES: Why was this decade considered to be “roaring?” In what was did the pace and cultural ways of life modernize? What new inventions emerged and how did these new things affect American society? How did mass culture develop and how was mass culture new and different? Check over your vocabulary assignments and look for numerous things like flappers, speakeasies, etc.

Recommended Vocabulary:1. Causes of WWI (486-488)a. Nationalismb. Industrial Economic Growthc. Militarismd. Alliances2. Triple Alliance/Central Powers (488)3. Triple Entente/Allies (488)4. Francis Ferdinand (488)5. Western Front (489)6. “Impartial in thought as well as in action” (491)7. Isolationists (491)8. Lusitania (492-3)9. Sussex Pledge (493)10. “He Kept US Out of War” (493)11. Zimmerman Note and “unrestricted submarine warfare” (495)12. Selective Service Act (496-7)13. War Industries Board (497)14. Food Administration & Herbert Hoover (497-498)15. Committee on Public Information (498)16. Conscientious Objectors (498)


17. Jeannette Rankin (499, 495)18. Espionage & Sedition Acts (500)19. Eugene V. Debs (500)20. Schenck v. US (500, 504)21. Great Migration (502)22. Western Front (490, 505, 506)23. Convoy System (507, 505)24. Vladimir Lenin (506, 509, 517)25. 11/11/11 (508)26. Wilson’s 14 point Plan (514, 509-510)27. League of Nations (510)28. Henry Cabot Lodge (510)29. Reparations (510)30. War Guilt Clause (512)31. Article X or Ten (512 AND 513)32. Woodrow Wilson & Versailles Treaty Ratification Debate (513)33. Farmer Depression (516, 533, 539)34. 1919 Strikes (516-17)35. Red Scare (517)36. Palmer Raids (517)37. Sacco & Vanzetti (517-518)38. Warren G. Harding & “Return to Normalcy” (518-519)39. Cities & Suburbs (532-533)40. Modernism (539)41. Fundamentalism (540)42. Scopes Trial (540 AND 541)43. Quota Laws & National Origins Act (541-2)44. New KKK (543-544)45. 18th Amendment & Volstead Act (545-546) Text Reading Questions (Chapter 15 and 16):1. What were the three most important causes of WWI (486-489)?2. Why were the death and casualty rates unusually high during WWI (489-90)?3. Why did President Wilson urge Americans to be neutral when the war started (491)?4. Why did Americans abandon neutrality and eventually join the war on the side of the Allies (492-495)?5. In what way was the philosophy of laissez-faire abandoned during WWI? In what ways did government power expand over individual citizens and corporations? (496-503)


6. What groups and individuals worked to oppose America’s entry into WWI? How were these people affected by the Espionage and Sedition Acts? (498-500)7. How did female contributions to the war effort build support for ratification of the 19th amendment (499, 501)?8. Who moved north during the Great Migration? For what reasons? (558, 503-3)9. How did America’s entry into WWI alter the situation along the Western Front? (505-508)10. How did the US and Allies adapt to German U-Boat attacks (505-506)?11. Why did Russia’s withdrawal from WWI harm the Allied War effort? (506)12. Which was probably a better plan for peace, the 14 Point Plan or Treaty of Versailles? Explain with at least four specific reasons. (509-513).13. Why did the US Senate refuse to ratify the Treaty of Versailles (509-513)?14. Identify three main causes of the Red Scare. Explain also how the government reacted to the Red Scare. (515-517)15. How were “new” immigrants mistreated after WWI? (541-544 AND 517-518)16. Explain the basic source of tension between modernism and fundamentalism. Provide specific examples for how this tension played out and impacted US society during the 1920s. (539-546)17. Why did prohibition fail? (545-546)18. What contributed and shaped modern mass culture during the 1920s? Be sure to also explore the development of mass heroes. (547-555)19. How did life change for women during the 1920s? (550-552)20. Who were members of the “Lost Generation?” How did they feel about the way American culture was headed during the 1920s? (554-555)21. How did the Great Migration contribute to the Harlem Renaissance (558-559)?22. How was Marcus’ Garvey’s approach to civil rights different from Washington and Dubois? Why did Garvey’s UNIA eventually decline? (559)23. Why were the Roaring Twenties also called the Jazz Age? (559-560)24. How did Henry Ford make the automobile available to the masses? How did the automobile change American culture in the 1920s?25. In what ways did consumer behavior change during the 1920s? (531-533) Unit 10: The Great Depression Competency Goal 9: Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and political changes of the decades of “The Twenties” and “The Thirties.” Essential Concepts & Questions:


1. 1920s POLITICS: Which political party controlled Congress and W=the White House during the 1920s? How did Trickle Down Economic policy work? What happened during the Teapot Dome Scandal? How did leaders in the 1920s support big business? 2. 1920s ECONOMIY: How did installment plans affect the economy? Why did businesses adopt marketing strategies like planned obsolescence? How did margin-buying work? Why did the income gap develop during the 1920s? How did the Hawley-Smoot tariff contribute to a decline in foreign demand for American goods? What contributed to Black Tuesday? Why were banks negatively impacted by the stock market crash? Roughly how high was unemployment at its peak in the 1930s?3. PRESIDENT HOOVER: How did Hoover respond to the Great Depression? Why was his response so limited (hint: why did he oppose deficit spending)? How did the Bonus Army hurt Hoover’s reputation? What is a Hooverville? How did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation work?4. PRESIDENT FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT (FDR): What was the name for FDR’s economic plan to fix the economy? How did the Bank Holiday work? What were fireside chats? What did FDR mean by “Priming the Pump?” Why did conservatives accuse FDR of “Creeping Socialism” (hint: review your information about the Tennessee Valley Authority)? How did the Civilian Conservation Corps work? Why was the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation created? Why was the Securities Exchange Commission created? Why was the Social Security system created? How did Arkies and Okies flee the Dust Bowl? Describe the Agricultural Adjustment Administration’s goal of “parity.” Why was the National Recovery Act declared unconstitutional? Why did FDR’s “court-packing” scheme fail (why was it rejected by Congress)? How did Huey Long criticize FDR, what was Long’s plan? How did the Fair Labor Standards Act and the Wagner or National Labor Relations Act affect workers? What really ended the Great Depression? Recommended Vocabulary:1. “Noble Experiment” (546)2. Speakeasies (546)3. 21st Amendment (546)4. The Jazz Singer, Talkies (548)5. KDKA (549)6. Charles Lindbergh (550)7. Flappers (550-552)8. The Charleston & Roaring Twenties (556)9. De Facto Segregation & Chicago Race Riots (notes)10. Marcus Garvey (559)11. Jazz (559-560)12. Louis Armstrong (560)


13. Duke Ellington (561)14. Harlem Renaissance (561)15. Langston Hughes (562)16. Zora Neal Hurston (562)17. Henry Ford, Mass Production, Assembly Line, and Model T (527-31)18. Scientific Management (529)19. Installment Buying20. Consumer Revolution (531)21. Installment Buying (532 AND 573)22. Margin Buying (532)23. “other Americans” & “Eleven Cent Cotton” (533)24. Farmer Depression (571, 516, 533, 537, 539)25. Warren G. Harding & “Return to Normalcy” (518-519, 534)26. Andrew Mellon (534)27. Ohio Gang, Charles Forbes, Harry Daughtrey (535)28. Teapot Dome Scandal (535-536)29. Calvin Coolidge (536-537)30. “Silent Cal” (537)31. Worker Productivity and Wage Increases, statistics for the period 1923-1929 (573)32. 1929: Top 1/10 of Americans earned ___ % of Income (572)33. Uneven Distribution of Wealth & Underconsumption (573)34. Hoover’s Response to the Stock Market Crash (574)35. Ban “runs” (574)36. Unemployed statistics, 1933 (575)37. Hawley-Smoot Act (575)38. Reparations (575)39. John Maynard Keynes (609, 576)40. Hoovervilles (580, 581)41. Farm Prices (580-581)42. Dust Bowl, Arkies & Okies (582-584)43. Rugged Individualism (589)44. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (590)45. Trickle Down Economics (590)46. Bonus Army (591)47. Douglas MacArthur (592)48. Franklin D. Roosevelt (600-601)49. New Deal (601)50. Election of 1932 (601)51. Brain Trust (602)52. First 100 Days (602)53. Bank Holiday (603)


54. Fireside Chats (603)NOTE: Explain what these “alphabet” agencies did (don’t just tell me what the letters stand for!!!)55. FDIC (603)56. AAA & “parity” (604 & notes)57. TVA & “creeping socialism” (604, notes)58. CCC (603)59. NRA (604)60. Section 7a of the NRA Codes (notes)61. PWA (604)62. American Liberty League (605)63. Francis Townsend (606)64. Charles Coughlin (606)65. Huey Long (607)66. Second New Deal67. WPA (608)68. Priming the Pump (609)69. Social Security Act (609, 610-611)70. REA (609)71. Wagner Act (612)72. Collective Bargaining (612)73. Fair Labor Standards Act (612)74. CIO, GM Sit-Down Strike (612-613)75. Schechter v. US (615)76. Court Packing Plan (614)77. Eleanor Roosevelt (616 AND 617)78. Frances Perkins (602 AND 617)79. Mary McLeod Bethune (617-617)80. Black Cabinet (618)81. Indian New Deal (619)82. Roosevelt Coalition (619, notes)83. Welfare State (623)84. CCC (624)85. WWII’s Effects on the Great Depression (notes) Text Reading Questions (Chapters 17 and 18):1. How did consumer behavior change in the 1920s? (531-532)2. How did people misread or wrongly judge the value of stock investments during the 1920s? (532)3. What underlying economic problems affected many Americans in the 1920s? (533)


4. Describe the economic policies of Harding and Mellon. Explain how these policies were different from Progressive Presidents like T. Roosevelt and W. Wilson. (534-535 AND 537)5. Compare the corruption of the Harding to the Grant Administration. Explain which administration was most corrupt (535-536 AND 287-288)6. How were Coolidge’s economic policies similar to Harding’s? In what ways were Coolidge and Harding’s policies different from earlier Progressive presidents like T. Roosevelt and Wilson? (536-537)7. Why were farmers struggling economically in the 1920s? How did the farm crisis contribute to the Great Depression? (571-572)8. Why was the unequal distribution of wealth a major cause of the Great Depression?9. How did installment plans contribute to the Great Depression? (573-574)10. Why did the stock market crash in 1929? Also, how did President Hoover respond to the crash? (574)11. Why did the banks fail after the stock market crashed? Why did the bank failures ruin the economy? (575-576 AND notes)12. Why was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff passed? Why do historians consider the creation of the Hawley-Smoot tariff to have been a mistake?13. Why did the American depression become a global problem? (575-576)14. How would an economist like John Maynard Keynes react to an economic depression? This is called Keynesian theory. (576)15. How did the Great Depression affect the lives of urban and rural Americans? (577-585)16. How did Herbert Hoover try to end the depression? Why did his efforts fail? (588-592)17. How did the treatment of the Bonus Army affect public opinion? (591-592)18. How did FDR’s background and actions help build confidence in the American people? (600-603)19. What actions did FDR take during his first 100 days in office? (602-605)20. How were the goals of the AAA and NRA sort of similar? (604-605)21. What were two major criticisms of FDR’s New Deal economic policies? (605-607)22. Explain the concept of “pump priming.” How did the New Deal “prime the pump?” (609, 602-615)23. What major issues did the Second New Deal try to address? (608-611, 613)24. Exactly how does social security work? What were some early flaws in the system? (609-611, 613)25. How did the New Deal support labor unions? (612-613)26. Describe FDR’s court “packing” plan. Why did he propose the plan and why did the plan fail? In the end, how did the court become more friendly toward the New Deal? Provide specific details. (613-615)


27. Why did the economy begin to fail again in 1937? (615)28. How did the New Deal affect African Americans? (616-618)29. How did the New Deal alter the relationship between government and the people? (620-625)30. What really brought an end to the Great Depression (notes)

Unit 11: World War Two Competency Goal 10: World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930-1963) - The learner will analyze the United States involvement in World War II and the war’s influence on international affairs in the following decades. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. ISLOATIONIM (1919-1939): Why did the US Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles? How did reparations harm the German economy? Why did the Kellogg-Briand Pact fail? Why was the US increasingly isolationist in the 1930s? What would have been a better policy than the Dawes Plan?2. EXCEPTIONS TO A GENERALLY ISOLATIONIST FOREIGN POLICY: What did nations agree to in the Washington Naval Conference? What was the Good Neighbor Policy? Why did the US support the Dawes Plan?3. APEASEMENT IN THE 1930s: How did the Great Depression contribute to the rise of dictators in Germany and Italy? How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles during the 1930s? What laws did Congress pass in response to the findings of the Nye Committee? How did the US respond to Japan’s 1931 invasion of Manchuria? How did American policy toward China change after the Panay Incident? How did the Neutrality Acts hurt Ethiopia? Why was the Spanish Civil War called a “dress rehearsal” for WW2? Why is the Munich Conference considered to be the best example of Appeasement?4. WORLD WAR TWO BEGINS: Why did Germany and the Soviet Union agree to a nonaggression pact in 939? France and Britain finally declared war after Germany invaded __________________. How was America’s Cash-and-Carry plan different from the Neutrality Acts? Why did the US pass the Selective Service Act in 1940? Why did congress also pass the Lend-Lease Act? Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor? How did Congress react to Pearl Harbor?5. THE DEFEAT OF GERMANY: What policy did Allied leaders agree to in the Atlantic Charter? What were Operation Torch and Operation Overlord? What does it mean to “liberate” a place like France? What were the Germans hoping to do during the Battle of the Bulge? Why was the Battle of Stalingrad significant? Who was the Supreme Commander of all Allied troops in Europe? What does V-E Day celebrate?6. THE DEFEAT OF JAPAN: Who commanded US naval and US Army personnel in the Pacific? Why was the leapfrogging or island hopping strategies adopted? Why was


the Battle of Midway significant? Why did the Japanese fight so hard when the US invaded Iwo Jima and Okinawa? What did the Allies agree to in the Potsdam Conference? What did the Manhattan Project produce? Why did Truman approve the atomic attacks against Hiroshima and Nagasaki? What does V-J Day celebrate?

Recommended Vocabulary:1. Washington Naval Conference (537)2. Kellogg-Briand Pact (537-8)3. Treaty of Versailles (640)4. Totalitarianism (640 AND 641)5. Dictatorships (641)6. Communist Revolution (641)7. Joseph Stalin and the Great Terror (641)8. Weimar Republic (642)9. Manchuria, 1931 (645)10. Rape of Nanjing, 1937 (645)11. America & League of Nations (645)12. Rhineland & League of Nations (645)13. Ethiopia & League of Nations (645)14. Francisco Franco & Spanish Civil War (645)15. Appeasement (645-646)16. Isolationism (646)17. Anchluss (Austria & the Sudetenland) 64618. Munich Pact (646 AND!!! 648)19. FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” (647-648)20. Nonaggression Pact (648-649)21. Blitzkrieg (649)22. Axis Powers & Allies (649)23. Maginot Line (650)24. Battle of Britain (650)25. Nye Committee & Merchants of Death (651)26. Neutrality Acts (651-652)27. Cash & Carry Plan (652)28. America First Committee, Charles Lindbergh & Isolationism (652)29. Lend-lease policy and “Arsenal for Democracy” (653 AND!!! 654)30. Atlantic Charter (654)31. FDR’s “shoot on site order, 1941” (654)32. Indochina & US Embargo against Japan (656)33. Embargo & Pearl Harbor (657)34. Edith Nourse Rogers (660)


35. “Production Miracle” & Great Depression (660)36. Rosie the Riveter (677-8)37. Double-V Campaign (678)38. A. Phillip Randolph, Executive Order 8802, Fair Employment Practices Committee (678)39. Bracero Program (679)40. Zoot Suit Riots (679)41. Executive Order 9066 & Internment (680-1)42. Korematsu v. US (681, 683)43. Rationing (684, 682)44. Europe First or Beat Hitler First policy (670-671, 675)45. Convoys (671)46. Operation Barbarossa (notes, 371)47. Battle of Stalingrad (671)48. Operation Torch (notes, 372)49. George S. Patton (673)50. Unconditional Surrender (673)51. Tuskegee Airmen & Strategic Bombing campaign (674)52. Operation Overlord & D-Day (687-690)53. Dwight Eisenhower (687)54. Battle of the Bulge (691)55. Douglas MacArthur (661)56. Bataan Death March (661)57. Battle of Midway (675-676)58. Guadalcanal (676)59. Island-hopping (691-3)60. Navajo Code Talkers (691)61. Iwo Jima (693)62. Okinawa (693)63. Manhattan Project (693-4)64. Hiroshima & Nagasaki (695)65. V-E & V-J Day (notes)66. Antisemitism (642)67. Nuremberg Laws (697)68. Kristallnacht (697)69. Ocean liner St. Louis, Great Depression & Quota Immigration Laws (541, 697)70. Final Solution (699)71. Auschwitz (698-9)72. Nuremberg Trials (706, 702)73. Harry S. Truman (703)74. United Nations, Universal Declaration of Human Rights & Eleanor Roosevelt (705)


Text Reading Questions (Chapters 19 and 20):1. Why did the United States efforts to promote world peace during the 1920s fail? What sort of example did the US provide by refusing to join the League of Nations? How did US demands for Britain and France to repay WWI debts affect how Germany was treated? (537-538) 2. What’s the difference between totalitarianism and a regular dictatorship? (641)3. How did Benito Mussolini rise to power? Why were Italians angry about the Treaty of Versailles? (640-641)4. How did Stalin and Mussolini maintain power? (641)5. Why did the Weimar Republic fail? (642-643)6. How did Adolf Hitler rise to power? (642-644)7. How did the Great Depression affect politics and the governing of Japan (644)?8. Why was the League of Nations handicapped or weakened and unable to halt German and Italian aggression in the 1930s? (645)9. How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles in the 1930s? How did the US and League of Nations react to the breaking of the treaty? (645-646)10. What is appeasement? Why did France, Britain and democratic nations like the US follow a policy of appeasement? Why did the policy of appeasement fail? (645-646)11. Why is the Munich Pact considered to be a major example of appeasement? What happed? (646 AND!!! 648)12. How did FDR respond to Japan’s attack on China? (657-648)13. How did France, Britain AND the US respond to Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939? (649, AND 651-652)14. What was the nonaggression pact? How did the nonaggression pact allow Germany to fight WWII differently from WWI? How did it put France in more danger in WWII than in WWI? (648-650, 488-490, notes)15. Which side seemed to be winning WWII and the end of 1940? (648-650)16. How did Americans react to the war in Europe? (651-653)17. How did the cash-and carry plan alter the neutrality policy? Later, how did the lend-lease policy alter the cash-and-carry policy? (651-654)18. In what ways did America unofficially enter the war to help the Allies before Pearl Harbor was attacked? Provide at least three specific examples from the reading (653-654, notes)19. What is an embargo? How did the American Embargo punish Japan? Why did the US place the embargo against Japan? How did Japan respond to the Embargo? (656-657)20. How did WWII affect the US economy and provide new opportunities for woman & African Americans? (660, 677-8)


21. How were Mexican Americans and Japanese Americans treated in the US during WWII? (679-81)22. Chart the defeat of Japan. Make a chart and explain what happened during each of the following events: Bataan Death March (661), Doolittle’s Raid (663), Battle of Coral Sea (663), Battle of Midway (675-676), Guadalcanal (676), Island-Hopping Strategy (691-693), Iwo Jima (693), Okinawa (693), Manhattan Project (63-694), Hiroshima & Nagasaki (695)23. Chart the Defeat of Germany: Stalingrad (671), El Alamein (672), Convoys (671), Operation Torch (notes), Strategic Bombing Campaign (674-675), Operation Overlord & D-Day (687-690), Battle of the Bulge (691), V-E Day (notes).24. Why were the following battles considered military “turning points” during WWII: Midway, Stalingrad, D-Day?25. How have people argued for AND against the decision to drop the atomic bomb? (693-694)26. What serious disagreement developed between Stalin and Churchill as the war progressed? Why did Stalin and Churchill each feel the way they did? (672, 674, 686)27. Why didn’t American leaders allow Jewish refugees permission to immigrate to the US after Kristallnacht? (541, 696-697)28. How did the US respond to the Holocaust and mass murder of European Jews? How might the US have responded more effectively? (696-701) Unit 12: The Cold War Competency Goal 11: Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) –The learner will trace economic, political, and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR: What was the Yalta Pledge? Why did Stalin’s behavior worry Americans? How is communism different from Capitalism? What speech did Winston Churchill deliver to alert Americans about the misbehavior of Stalin? Why did Stalin accuse the US and British of “stalling” during WW2 (hint: consider D-Day)2. TRUMAN & THE COLD WAR: What was Truman’s main policy in the Cold War (hint: choose something other than the Truman Doctrine)? How did the Truman Doctrine work? How did the Marshall Plan work? How did Truman respond to the Berlin Blockade? Why was NATO created after the Berlin Blockade? What was the Soviet equivalent of NATO? Why did Truman fire Douglass MacArthur? What kind of war did Truman prefer to fight in Korea?3. THE RED SCARE: What events in Asia (in 1949 and 1950) convinced many Americans that Communism was on the march again? What did the Soviets do to


surprise the US in 1949? Why were the Rosenberg’s executed? Why was this second Red Scare also called “McCarthyism?” What did the House Un-American Activity Committee do during the Red Scare? What is “red baiting?”4. EISENHOWER (IKE) & THE COLD WAR: What did Ike promise to do if elected President? Who “won” the Korean War? Describe the policy of Brinksmanship. How did the Hungarian Uprising demonstrate the ineffectiveness of Massive Retaliation? Why did the Egyptian government nationalize the Suez Canal? Why did the US unexpectedly support the Soviets during the Suez Crisis? How did the Suez Crisis weaken French and British influence in the Middle East? Where was the Eisenhower Doctrine first implemented? What was accomplished in Operation Ajax? Operation PB Success? What was the goal of Operation Northwoods? How did the US respond to the Soviet launching of Sputnik? How did the U-2 Incident affect the brief era of détente?5. KENNEDY (JFK) & THE COLD WAR: What was unique about presidential debate in 1960? Why did the Bay of Pigs operation fail? How did JFK respond to Khrushchev’s Berlin policy? How did JFK force the Soviets to withdraw nuclear missiles from Cuba? Why did JFK organize the Peace Corps? What did the Alliance for Progress plan do? What did the Warren Commission decide? Recommended Vocabulary:

1. Stalin, Yalta Pledge (715) & Satellite States (715)2. Winston Churchill & Iron Curtain Speech (716)3. Tuman Doctrine (716) and Greece & Turkey (716)4. Containment Policy (718)5. Marshall Plan (718)6. Berlin Blockade (718-720)7. Berlin Airlift (718-720)8. NATO (720)9. Warsaw Pact (720)10. Jiang Jieshi/Chaing (722) and Mao Zedong (722)11. 38th Parallel (723)12. June 25, 1950 (723)13. UN Resolution (723-724)14. Douglas MacArthur (724-725)15. Inchon (724-725)16. November 25, 1950 (725-6)17. Limited War (726)18. Dismissal of MacArthur (726)19. Election of 1952 (726-727 AND 755)20. July 23, 1953 (727)21. NSC #68 (notes, 727)22. Arms Race (728-729)


23. MAD (729)24. John Foster Dulles & “Massive Retaliation” (729-30)25. Brinkmanship (730)26. Nikita Khrushchev & Peaceful Co-Existence (731)27. Hungarian Uprising & Massive Retaliation (731)28. Gamal Abdel Nasser & Answan Dam Project (731-732)29. “Nationalized” (732) & Suez Crisis (732)30. Eisenhower Doctrine & Lebanon (732-733)31. Covert Operations (733)32. Sputnik (733) and National Defense Education Act (733 AND 763)33. NASA (733)34. U2 Incident & Détente (notes)35. HUAC, Hollywood 10, Blacklisting (736-8)36. Alger Hiss & Whittaker Chambers (739-740)37. Rosenbergs (741)38. Joseph McCarthy & McCarthyism (741-3)39. GI Bill of Rights (750-751)40. Baby Boom (750)41. Taft-Hartley Act (753)42. To Secure These Rights Report (notes)43. States’ Rights Party & Election of 1948 (754)44. Fair Deal (754-755)45. Ike’s “Middle Road” (755)46. Levittown (756-757, picture on 779)47. Interstate Highways & Suburbs (758, 756-7)48. “Car Culture” (757-758)49. Sunbelt (759-61)50. Consumerism (764)51. Median Family Income (764-65)52. 90 percent (765)53. Dr. Benjamin Spock (765-6)54. “In God We Trust” and “One Nation Under God” (766)55. Dr. Jonas Salk (766)56. Elvis Presley & Ed Sullivan (769)57. The Lonely Crowd & The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit (771-772)58. Beatniks (772)59. The Other America (772 AND 828)60. White Flight & Urban Blight (772-3 and notes)61. Election of 1960 (Candidates, TV, and Missile Gap, 800-22)62. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address (822)63. Fidel Castro (822, 824)


64. JFK & Flexible Response (823)65. Peace Corps (823)66. Bay of Pigs Invasion (824)67. Cuban Missile Crisis (824)68. Naval Quarantine of Cuba (824)69. Hot line (824)70. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (826)71. Berlin Crisis & Berlin Wall (826)72. “New Frontier” (827-828)73. Equal Pay Act (829)74. Civil Rights, 196375. Space Race & Moon Shot Promise (829, notes)76. Warren Commission (831)

Text Reading Questions (Chapters 21, 22, 24.1, and 24.2):1. How were the US and Soviet Union different? Provide at least three examples. (714-15)2. What promise did Stalin make at the Yalta Conference? How did Truman feel when Stalin began to suggest he intended to break his promise at Potsdam? (175-16)3. Why did Truman develop the Truman Doctrine? How was this policy first used? In which nations? (716, 721)4. How was the Marshall Plan designed to support the policy of containment? (718-719)5. Why did Stalin order the Berlin Blockade? How did Truman respond to the blockade? What peacetime alliance was created after the Berlin Blockade? (718-20)6. How did Truman respond to Communist aggression in Korea (723-4)? 7. Why didn’t the Soviet veto the UN Security Council’s vote to allow the use of force to halt communist aggression in Korea? (723-4)8. Why did a stalemate develop in the Korean War? (724-6)9. Why did Truman fire Douglas Macarthur? How did the public react to Truman’s decision? (726-727)10. How did President Eisenhower bring an end to the Korean War? (726-727)11. How were Eisenhower’s policies different from Truman? (728-731)12. What were protestors trying to accomplish during the 1956 Hungarian Uprising? How did the Soviet Union respond to the uprising? How did the US respond to Soviet actions? How did the whole event demonstrate the weakness of Dulles’ policy of “massive retaliation?” (730-731)13. What started the Suez Crisis? How did President Eisenhower respond to the Crisis? Be sure to include Lebanon and the Eisenhower Doctrine in your response. (732-733)14. How did the US respond to Sputnik? (733 AND 763)


15. How did the U-2 Incident affect the Paris Peace Summit meeting between Khrushchev and Eisenhower? (notes)16. What started the Second Red Scare? (736-743)17. Why did the Rosenberg case attract nationwide attention and controversy? (736-743)18. What events led to Senator McCarthy being censured by the US senate? (736-743)19. How did President Truman anger segregationists? (753-754)20. Why was Truman’s re-election in 1948 such a surprise? (754)21. How did the Interstate Highway System encourage suburban development? How did Americans living in suburbs benefit from “car culture”? (756-758)22. How did the growth of suburbs affect inner cities? (772-773)23. How did popular culture and family life change during the 1950s?24. How did TV reflect and reinforce the ideal of the nuclear family in the postwar period? (766-768)25. How did the TV debates affect the outcome of the 1960 presidential election? (820-822)26. How was JFK’s “Flexible Response” policy different from Eisenhower’s “Massive Retaliation” policy? (823)27. How did JFK try to improve relations between the US and developing nations? (823)28. What did the US try to accomplish in the Bay of Pigs invasion? Why did the invasion fail? (824)29. How did JFK end the Cuban Missile Crisis. Provide two events in your response. (824)30. How did JFK and Khrushchev temporarily improve relations after the Cuban Missile Crisis? What new crisis ended this period of peace? (825-826)31. Why was Kennedy slow to act to improve Civil Rights conditions? Why did he eventually act more boldly to improve conditions? (827-830) Unit 13: The Sixties Competency Goal 11: Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) –The learner will trace economic, political, and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. IKE & CIVIL RIGHTS: What did the Supreme Court decide in the Brown case? What previous court case was overturned by the Brown decision? How did citizens respond to the arrest of Rosa Parks? What organization did Martin Luther King, Jr. organize to direct nonviolent protests? How did Ike support the Little Rock Nine? Which Civil Rights group was founded to coordinate sit-in protests?


2. JFK & CIVIL RIGHTS: How did JFK respond to the mistreatment of peaceful demonstrators who were abused by Bull Connor in Birmingham, Alabama? How did JFK respond to the Freedom Riders? What law did Congress pass as a memorial to JFK?3. JOHNSON (LBJ) & CIVIL RIGHTS: What law did Congress pass after Dr. King delivered his famous “I have a dream” speech? Why was the Freedom Summer operation organized? What law did Congress pass after the Selma March? What does the 24th Amendment do? Contrast the ideas of Dr. King and Malcolm X. What is Black Power? How is de jure segregation different from de facto segregation? According to the Kerner Commission, what triggered the Long Hot Summers? Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1968 passed? Why were the Black Panthers formed? What did the Swann v. Mecklenburg case legalize? What is affirmative action? How did the Bakke case affect affirmative action policies in California?4. TRUMAN, IKE, JFK & VIETNAM: Why did Truman provide France with military aid to fight against Ho Chi Minh? What happened at Dien Bien Phu? What was Ike’s “Domino Theory?” Why was Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated when JFK was President?5. JOHNSON (LBJ) & VIETNAM: Why was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution called a “blank check.” What is “escalation?” What happened during Operation Rolling Thunder? Why was Agent Orange used? What was the Ho Chi Minh trail? What were the Viet Cong? Why was the Tet Offensive considered the turning point of the Vietnam War? What did LBJ announce after Tet? How did the Vietnam War effect LBJ’s Great Society program?6. NIXON & VIETNAM: What happened to Robert “Bobby” Kennedy during the 1968 presidential race? What did Nixon promise to do to get elected in 1968? What triggered the deadly student protests at Kent and Jackson state in 1970? What was Nixon’s Vietnamization plan? What did the Pentagon Papers reveal about the Vietnam War? What did the Supreme Court decide in US vc NY Times? Why did the Nixon administration authorize the Plumbers to break into the Daniel Ellsberg’s psychiatrists office? Later, where did the Plumbers get arrested? What did Nixon’s Secretary of State announce just weeks before Nixon’s re-election in 1972? When were US ground troops finally removed from Vietnam? What was the Hanoi Hilton? What happened during the Fall of Saigon in 1975? Who was Pol Pot and what did his Khmer Rouge do? Who were the “Boat People?” Recommended Vocabulary:

1. New Frontier (John F. Kennedy)2. Alliance for Progress3. Peace Corps4. Massive Retaliation (Dwight Eisenhower)5. Flexible Response policy (John F. Kennedy)6. Bay of Pigs (Kennedy)


7. Berlin Crisis (1961, Kennedy)8. Cuban Missile Crisis & Quarantine Policy (Kennedy)9. Election of 1876 & Hayes-Tilden Compromise of 187710. Plessy v. Ferguson11. Booker T. Washington’s Atlanta Compromise Speech12. WEB DuBois13. Marcus Garvey14. A. Philip Randolph & FEPC15. President Truman & The Armed Forces16. Brown v. Board of Ed.17. Rosa Parks & Montgomery Improvement Association18. SCLC (Martin Luther King, Jr.)19. Little Rock: 1957 (Eisenhower)20. SNCC & Greensboro Sit-Ins21. Freedom Rides22. Good Friday Protests, Birmingham, AL (Bull Connor)23. March on Washington & Civil Rights Act of 196424. Selma March Protests & Voting Rights Act of 196525. 24th Amendment26. Malcolm X27. Huey Newton & Bobby Seale28. Stokely Carmichael & Black Power29. Long Hot Summers30. Kerner Commission & Civil Rights Act of 196831. Swann v. Mecklenburg case32. Affirmative Action33. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)34. Great Society (Lyndon B. Johnson)35. “War on Poverty” (Lyndon B. Johnson)36. Medicare & Medicaid (Johnson)37. Ralph Nader (Unsafe at Any Speed)38. Rachel Carson (Silent Spring)39. Impact of Vietnam on War on Poverty (Guns v. Butter debate)40. Barry Goldwater & Election of 196441. Ho Chi Minh42. Ngo Dinh Diem43. Dien Bien Phu44. Vietcong45. Ho Chi Minh Trail46. Domino Theory47. Gulf of Tonkin Incident & Gulf of Tonkin Resolution


48. Living Room War concept49. Tet Offensive & US public opinion50. Nixon’s 1968 campaign promises (2)51. Nixon and the “Silent Majority”52. Vietnamization policy53. US invasion of Cambodia & Kent State protests54. US v. NY Times & Pentagon Papers55. Henry Kissinger’;s public announcement right before 1972 election56. War Powers Act (1973)57. Fall of Saigon, capital of S. Vietnam

Text Reading Questions (Chapters 23, 24. 2, 25):

1. What is the difference between “de jure” and “de facto” segregation? Give a specific example of each. How many states had laws requiring segregation in 1954? (784-786)

2. How did Martin Luther King and others protest the arrest of Rosa Parks? (790-791)

3. What law ended segregation? (notes)4. What were the goals of the sit-ins? (Sect. 2 - 793-803)5. What did the March on Selma make possible? Why was this law so important?

(805-806)6. What did the Kerner Commission determine in 1967? Where did some of the

significant riots take place in the 1960’s? What factors contributed to the outbreak of riots in the 1960’s? (808, 810)

7. How did Eisenhower and Kennedy’s Cold War policy slightly differ? What were two programs Kennedy initiated to spread capitalism and American good will? (822-823)

8. Explain four significant bills passed as part of LBJ’s “War on Poverty” and/or “Great Society” programs. (834-839)

9. Explain four significant decisions of the Supreme Court during Earl Warren’s reign as Chief Justice. (839-841)

10. Vietnam was a colony of what European country? What happened in Vietnam in the late 40’s and 50’s? What battle ended European control over Vietnam? (848-850)

11. What did America do to support South Vietnam in the 1950’s and early 60’s? Why? (851-852)

12. After the USS Maddox was shot at (not destroyed), what did Congress give Johnson the power to do? (852)

13. What did Johnson hope would bring the N. Vietnamese to the peace table? What types of weapons were used in these attacks? Why didn’t it work? (853-854)


14. What type of warfare was fought in Vietnam? How many Americans died in battle? Why did morale slowly decline? (857-858)

15. What types of Americans were drafted in the highest percentages into Vietnam? Why did this happen? Where did many groups began to form to protest the war? (861-862)

16. What was the Tet Offensive? What affect did it have on American confidence? What did Johnson decide to do following the Tet Offensive? (863-864)

17. What happened to Robert Kennedy after he won California’s Democratic Primary? What happened at the 1968 Democratic Presidential Convention in Chicago? (865-866)

18. Explain Nixon’s policy in Vietnam? What country did he decide to bomb to stop flow of supplies to Vietcong? (869)

19. Opposition to the war strengthened under Nixon’s presidency: Describe the influence of Kent State, My Lai Massacre, and Pentagon Papers on this opposition movement. (870-871)

20. How did the war end in Vietnam? What happened to Vietnam after American troops left? (872-873)

21. What happened to veterans when they returned from the Vietnam War? How did the war change our war policy? (873-875)

Unit 14: Modern America Competency Goal 11: Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) –The learner will trace economic, political, and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period. Competency Goal 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) – The learner will identify and analyze trends in domestic and foreign affairs of the United States during this time period. Essential Concepts and Questions:1. LBJ’S GREAT SOCIETY: How did LBJ wage “War on Poverty?” What are Medicare and Medicaid? What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 abolish? What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolish?2. WOMAN’S RIGHTS: What organization did Betty Freidan found? What was the ERA? What is Title IX? What did Roe v. Wade legalize?3. ENVIRONMENTALISM: What book did Rachel Carson write? Why was Earth Day organized? What laws did Congress pass after the first Earth Day protest? What happened at Love Canal? What happened at Three Mile Island? What was the Valdez accident?


4. WATERGATE: What was Watergate? How did Woodward and Bernstein uncover the scandal? What exactly was Nixon accused of doing wrong in the scandal? What is Executive Privilege? What did the Supreme Court decide in the US v. Nixon case? Why did Ford pardon Nixon? How did Ford’s pardon affect the election of 1976? What did Jimmy Carter promise while running for president in 1976?5. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS: Describe the 1970s problem of “Stagflation.” Why were there massive increases in oil prices in 1973 and 1979? Who benefitted most directly from Reagan’s “supply-side” policies? In what way was Reaganomics similar to the Trickle Down policy of the 1920s? Why did Reagan favor “deregulation?” What happened during the S&L Crisis? What happened to the economy when George H. W. Bush ran for re-election in 1992? What did Ross Perot promise to do during the election of 1992? What was the “dot-com boom” of the 1990s? What contributed to the Great Recession of 2008?6. THE US & THE MIDDLE EAST: Why was the Eisenhower Doctrine issued after the Suez Crisis? What happened during Operation Ajax? Why and how did OPEC punish the US in 1973? What is the PLO? What did the Camp David Accords accomplish? How did the US respond to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? Why did Iranians storm the US embassy and hold Americans hostage in 1979? How did the Iranian Hostage Crisis affect Jimmy Carter’s re-election chances in 1980? Why did the US send peacekeeping troops to Lebanon in the 1980s? Why were US troops withdrawn from Beirut? What happened during the Iran-Contra scandal? Who did the US support during the Iran-Iraq War in the 1980s? Why did the US support the Mujahedeen in the 1980s? What happened to the SS Stark? What were Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm? What did Saddam Hussein promise to do after the first Persian Gulf War? Why did President Clinton remove US peacekeeping troops from Somalia? What happened to the SS Cole? Why did the US invade Iraq and Afghanistan?7. THE COLD WAR ENDS: What was the significance of Nixon’s visit to China? What is détente? What were the SALT I and SALT II treaties? Why did the US Senate reject the SALT II Treaty? How did the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan impact the Cold War? What was SDI or “Star Wars?” What did the START TREATIES do? How did the US military build up in the 1980s affect the Soviet Union? Who was the last leader of the Soviet Union?8. MODERN POLITICS: What group of supporters helped elect President Nixon? President Reagan? What issues did the New Right and New Left get excited about? What is the difference between a liberal and a conservative? Who is Newt Gingrich? Describe his Contract for America program. What campaign promise did George Bush make while running for president in 1988? Why was Bill Clinton impeached but not removed from office? What did the case Bush v. Gore decide? Recommended Vocabulary:


1. Silent Majority & Election of 19682. Cesar Chavez & United Fruit Workers Grape Boycott3. Gray Panthers & Social Security COLAs (cost of living adjustments)4. Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique)5. NOW (National Organization for Women)6. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)7. Roe v. Wade8. Texas v. Johnson9. Regents of California & Bakke Case (affirmative action)10. Nixon and Mao Zedong (China)11. SALT I (Nixon, Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty)12. Realpolitik (Henry Kissinger)13. Detente14. Stagflation15. Watergate

a. Plumbers & CREEPb. Democratic National Campaign Headquartersc. US v. Nixon (tapes)d. Resignation

16. President Ford and Pardoning of Richard Nixon (impact on election of 1976)17. Jimmy Carter & Human Rights18. Apartheid (South Africa)19. Carter Doctrine (Soviet invasion of Afghanistan)20. Three Mile Island & Chernobyl21. Exxon Valdez accident22. Moral Majority & Election of 198023. “Reganomics”

a. deregulationb. supply-side theoryc. social & military spending

24. Star Wars program (SDI = Strategic Defense Initiative)25. Mikhail Gorbachev

a. Perestroikab. Glasnost)

26. Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989)27. Tiananmen Square (1989, China)28. Nelson Mandela (1990)29. Sandinistas & Contras (Nicaragua, Reagan)30. Boland Amendment (Reagan)31. Iran-Contra Scandal (1987, Reagan)32. US invasion of Grenada (Reagan)


33. US invasion of Panama (Manuel Noriega & George Bush I)34. Sandra Day O’Connor35. Geraldine Ferarro36. Election of 1992 (Bush-Perot-Clinton)37. Contract With America (Newt Gingrich, election of 1994)38. Federal Budget Shutdowns (1994, 1995)39. US air war of Bosnia & Ethnic Cleansing40. Impeachment of Bill Clinton (1999)41. Disputed Election of 200042. No Child Left Behind Act43. Operation Ajax (Shah of Iran, review Unit 12 notes- Eisenhower)44. Suez Crisis (1955, Eisenhower)45. Eisenhower Doctrine46. OPEC & Arab Oil Embargo (1973)47. Camp David Accords (1978)48. Iranian Revolution (1979, Ayatollah Khomeini & the Shah)49. Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979)50. Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

a. US Grain Embargob. Boycott of Moscow Olympicsc. Support for Mujahideen

51. Persian Gulf Wara. Operation Desert Shield (1990)b. Operation Desert Storm (1991)

52. Al Qaeda & 9/1153. the Taliban & War in Afghanistan (2003-present)54. Iraq War (2003-present)

a. Operation Enduring Freedom55. Patriot Act

Text Reading Questions (24.3, 26, 27, 28, 29):

1. Why did Nixon reach out the China? How did Nixon reach out to China? (877-878)

2. Who was Betty Freidan? Why was her book so influential? (891)3. What was the ERA? Who was opposed this Act? Why were some women

opposed to this act? (891-893)4. What was the counterculture? Generation Gap? What changes in music and

sexual acceptance occurred? (866-867)5. Who was Cesar Chavez? What was the larger movement he started? Why were

changes necessary? (897-899 – Make sure to look at graphics and chart)


6. What was the AIM? What actions did Native Americans take? What did they achieve? (899-900)

7. What was the central message behind Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring? What laws were signed by Nixon in the 70’s to benefit the environment? (902-904)

8. Draw a small outline of the Historical environmental movement? How can we balance economic development and environmental protection as a nation? (906)

9. What were three federal agencies created by Nixon? (915)10. What is stagflation? What was the biggest cause of stagflation? Who is OPEC?

Why did they stop trading with us? (915-916)11. Despite our view of Nixon today, he was very popular. What was the electoral

count in his victory in 1972? How did he achieve this victory? (917)12. After reading through the chart, describe 4 important events in the Watergate

scandal? What did Nixon become the first President to do? What effect did the Watergate scandal have on public trust of government? (918-921)

13. Describe the reason for the U.S. v. Nixon case. What was the Supreme Court decision? Why does it matter? (922)

14. What shift in immigration began in the 1970’s? What parts of the country did many people begin to migrate? What name is given to these areas by geographers? (926-927)

15. What were the Camp David Accords? Why were these so important? (933-934)16. Why did the Iran Hostage Crisis happen? What happened? How long did the

crisis last? (934-935)17. What are the basic goals of liberalism? What are the basic goals of

conservatism? (944-945)18. Describe the factors that contributed to a rise in conservatism in the late 1970’s

early 1980’s: Specifically mention the New Right, Moral Majority, and Suburbs. (945-947)

19. What is Supply-Side Economics? What is the difference between Supply-Side(Reagan/Bush) and Keynesian Economics(FDR/LBJ)? (949-950)

20. What was the ADA? Challenger Disaster? (952)21. Why did Reagan decide to support the Contras in Nicaragua? How did he get

the funding for this support? (956, 960)22. What were Mikhail Gorbachev’s policies of Glasnost and Perestroika? Why did

he change the Soviet Policy? What effect did these policies have on Communist Soviet Union? (956-957)

23. When the Soviet Union fell apart what did it mean for countries in Eastern Europe? What did it mean for America? (957-959)

24. Who did President H.W. Bush send troops into Latin America to capture? Why? (962)

25. What happened in China in 1989? How did the U.S. respond? What role did the U.S. play in South Africa in the late 80’s early 90’s? (962)


26. What were the causes of the Persian Gulf War? How long did this conflict last? Were we successful? (963-965)

27. Who came up with the 1994 Republican “Contract with America”? What were some of the main ideas? Did the Republicans follow through with these plans? (980)

28. What has been the effect of NAFTA? What are some other trade organizations America has joined? What were the general goals of these organizations? (983)

29. What were some of the main foreign policy issues of Clinton’s presidency? (985-986)

30. What was America’s foreign policy response to September 11? Why did we invade Iraq (not because of 9-11!)? (992-993)

31. What actions were taken to provide greater National Security to America following Sept. 11? (993)

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