US HISTORY GRADE 8KEY REVIEW TERMS

Novella SpringetteMcKissack Middle School

Puritans, House of Burgesses, immigrants, Bacon's Rebellion, Pilgrims

1. - Colonial Virginia's elected assembly.2. - Attack by Nathanial Bacon against

American Indians and the colonial government in Virginia. (1675)

3. - Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England.

4. - Members of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas.

5. - People who move to another country after leaving their homeland.

secondary source, Indentured servants, History, primary source, headright system,

1. - The record of events of the past, often with an explanation of the causes and effects of those events.

2. - An account of an event by someone who was present at the event.

3. - An account of an event by someone who was not present at the event.

4. - System set up by the London company in 1618 that gave 50 acres of land to colonists who paid their own way to Virginia, or paid the way for someone else.

5. - Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.

town meeting, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Mayflower Compact , covenant, Great Migration

1. - Legal document written by the Pilgrims to specify basic laws and social rules for their colony. (1620)

2. - Mass migration of thousands of English people to the Americas that took place between 1629 and 1640.

3. - Sacred agreement.4. - Political meeting at which people make

decisions on local issues.5. - First written principles of government

created in the present day United States.

Privy Council, proprietor, parliamentary democracy, Parliament, Quakers

1. - Owner.2. - Society of Friends; Protestant sect founded in

1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people.

3. - Group of royal advisors who set policy for Britain's American colonies.

4. - The British legislature.5. - A system of government in which the executive

leaders (usually a prime minister and a cabinet) are chosen by and responsible to the legislature (parliament), as well as being members of the legislature, as in Great Britain.

Navigation Acts, Imports, duties, exports, triangular trade

1. - Items that a country purchases from other countries.

2. - Items that a country sells to other countries.

3. - A series of English laws that regulated trade in the American colonies in order to increase profits. (1650-96)

4. - Taxes on imported goods.5. - Trading networks in which goods

and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, and West Africa

mercantilism, bicameral legislature, libel, Glorious Revolution, balance of trade

1. - A lawmaking body made up of two houses.2. - A false, printed statement that damages a

person's reputation.3. - A revolt in England against Catholic king

James II that led to his overthrow and put Protestants William and Mary of Orange on the throne. (1688)

4. - Practice of creating and maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade.

5. - Relationship between what goods a country purchases from other countries and what goods it sells to other countries.

Great Awakening, Enlightenment, Scientific Revolution , militia, scientific method

1. - An unorganized but widespread movement of evangelical Christian sermons and church meetings in the 1730s and 1740s.

2. - Period of great learning that began in the 1600s as European mathematicians, scientists, and astronomers looked for scientific explanation about how the universe works.

3. - Observation of and experimentation with natural events in order to form theories that could predict other events or behaviors.

4. - The Age of Reason; movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government.

5. - An army made up of civilians serving temporarily as soldiers.

slave codes, staple crops, Middle Passage, militia, cash crops, apprentice

1. - Voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.

2. - Crops that farmers grow primarily to be sold for profits, not for personal use.

3. - Laws passed in the colonies to control slaves.

4. - Young person who learns a skilled trade from a master craftsman.

5. - Crops that are continuously in demand.

Propaganda, French and Indian War , Proclamation of 1763, casualties. Sugar Act

1. - The conflict in which British Americans and the Iroquois fought with the French and their Indian allies the Huron and Algonquin for control of the Ohio Country. (1754-1763)

2. - People who are killed, wounded, captured, or missing in a war or battle.

3. - British proclamation banning further colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains and ordering colonists already living there to move their settlements.

4. - Law passed by the British Parliament setting a tax on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies. (1764)

5. - To refuse to buy certain goods; method often used in protest movements.

Stamp Act, boycott , Propaganda, Boston Massacre, Sons of Liberty, Townshend Acts

1. - Law passed by Parliament the required colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents. (1765)

2. - Secret societies formed in the mid-1700s to protest new taxes and to frighten tax collectors.

3. - Laws passed by Parliament placing duties on certain items imported by the colonists. (1767)

4. - Incident in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people. (1770)

5. - Stories and images designed to support a particular point of view.

Intolerable Acts, Second Continental Congress, Olive Branch Petition, Tea Act, Boston Tea Party

1. - Law passed by Parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies, undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party (1773)

2. - Protest against the Tea Act in which a group of colonists boarded British tea ships and dumped more than 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. (1773)

3. - Four laws passed by Parliament designed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten governmental control over the colonies. (1774)

4. - Meeting of colonial delegates in Philadelphia to decide, among other things, how to react to fighting at Lexington and Concord. (1775)

5. - A request for peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to Britain's King George III, who rejected it. (1775)

guerrilla warfare, Republic, Rights, Declaration of Independence, natural rights,

1. - Statement of the Second Continental Congress that defined the colonists' rights, outlined their complaints against the British government, and declared the colonies' independence. (1776)

2. - Type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy.

3. - Just claims that belong to a person by law, nature, or tradition.

4. - Basic, fundamental human rights that cannot be taken away or given up, such as religious freedom.

5. - Type of government in which the people hold the political power.

Articles of Confederation, interstate commerce, suffrage Ratification, tariff

1. - Voting rights.2. - Document that created the first

central government for the United States; replaced by the Constitution in 1789. (1777)

3. - Formal approval.4. - A tax on imports or exports.5. - Trade conducted between states.

Depression, Debtor, Constitution, creditor, federalism

1. - A person who lends money.2. - A person who owes money.3. - A steep drop in economic activity.4. - U.S. system of government in which

power is distributed between a central authority and individual states.

5. - A set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government.

judicial branch, delegated powers, legislative branch, checks and balances, executive branch,

1. - Division of government that proposes bills and passes them into laws.

2. - Division of the federal government that includes the president and administrative departments; enforces and carries out the nation's laws.

3. - Division of the federal government that is made up of the national courts; interprets laws, punishes criminals, and settles disputes.

4. - A system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.

5. - Powers that are granted to the federal government by the Constitution.

concurrent powers, reserved powers , Impeach, representative democracy, elastic clause,

1. - Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution that has been interpreted as giving Congress authority to stretch its delegated powers to address issues not otherwise specified in the document.

2. - Powers retained by state governments or by citizens.

3. - Powers that are shared by the federal and state governments.

4. - A government that is ruled by representatives of the people.

5. - To bring charges against

due process, habeas corpus, cabinet, veto, pardon

1. - To cancel.2. - To release a person from punishment.3. - Group made up of the heads of the

executive departments that advises the U.S. president.

4. - Fair application of the law.5. - Constitutional protection against

unlawful imprisonment.

national debt, Bonds, eminent domain, electoral college, indict

1. - To formally accuse a person of crime.2. - The government's right to take

personal property to further the public good.

3. - Group selected by state legislatures to represent the popular vote in federal elections.

4. - Total amount of money owed by a country to its lenders.

5. - Certificates that represent money the government has borrowed from private citizens.

Louisiana Purchase, strict construction, Marbury v. Madison, judicial review, loose construction

- Way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take.

- Way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid it from taking.

- U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review. (1803)

- Principle that gives the Supreme Court the power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.

- Purchase of French land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains that doubled the size of the United States. (1803)

trade unions, Missouri Compromise, Industrial Revolution, embargo, Monroe Doctrine

1. - Banning of trade with a country.

2. - President James Monroe's statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign nation to colonize would be considered an act of hostility. (1823)

3. - Agreement proposed by Henry Clay that allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state and outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of the 36°36' line.

4. - Period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s.

5. - Workers' organizations that try to improve working conditions.

Gadsden Purchase, annex, Oregon Trail, Mexican Cession, manifest destiny

1. - To take control of land.

2. - A 2,000-mile trail stretching from western Missouri to the Oregon Territory.

3. - Belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

4. - Land that Mexico gave to the United States after the Mexican War through the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah; most of Arizona and New Mexico; and parts of Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming. (1848)

5. - United States' purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. (1853)

Gadsden Purchase, annex, Oregon Trail, Mexican Cession, manifest destiny

1. - To take control of land.

2. - A 2,000-mile trail stretching from western Missouri to the Oregon Territory.

3. - Belief shared by many Americans in the mid-1800s that the United States should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean.

4. - Land that Mexico gave to the United States after the Mexican War through the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah; most of Arizona and New Mexico; and parts of Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming. (1848)

5. - United States' purchase of land from Mexico that included the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. (1853)

Emancipation Proclamation, popular sovereignty, Dred Scott decision, Confederate States of America, secession

1. - The rule of the people; Principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slavery.

2. - U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not U.S. citizens, that Missouri Compromise's restriction on slavery was unconstitutional, and that Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal territory. (1857)

3. - Act of formally withdrawing from the Union.

4. - Nation formed by the southern states on February 4, 1861; also known as the Confederacy.

5. - Order issued by Pres. Lincoln freeing the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union; took effect January 1, 1863.

13th Amendment, amnesty, total war, Reconstruction

1. - Type of warfare in which an army destroys its opponent's ability to fight by targeting military as well as civilian and economic resources.

2. - Period following the Civil War during which the U.S. government worked to reunite the nation and to rebuild the southern states. (1865-77)

3. - An official pardon issued by the government for an illegal act.

4. Constitutional Amendment that outlawed slavery. (1865)