US History EOC Review, January, 2006 Union County Public Schools1 Reviewing for the Final EOC in US...

US History EOC Review, January, 2006

Union County Public Schools 1

Reviewing for the Final EOC in US History



The TestThere will be 100 total questions on each test but only 80 are actually scored. 60 Higher Order Thinking Skills40 Lower order thinking skills10 questions from each goal



US History

Goal % Value

1 8

2 9

3 8

4 7

5 8

6 7

7 8

8 5

9 10

10 11

11 11

12 8



Things to Remember and Look Out ForBest Answer-This means that there are more than one right answer in the answer set. You can tell best answer questions because they will have phrases that have the following wording and appearance:most likelybestmost accuratelygreatest



Negative answers-This means that you will not see these type of answers on the test:NotNoExcept



Court Cases-There are always a few court cases on the test. They will be in italics with the date in parenthesis at the end. It is important to know that typically the date will give away the answer, e.g. all court cases from 1801-1834 are from the Marshall court and John Marshall almost always made a ruling that tried to strengthen the national/federal government over the state government; court cases from the 1950s to the present typically dealt with extending individual rights.



Court cases will always have the following appearance:

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)State v. Mann (1830)Swann v. Board of Education of Charlotte-Mecklenburg (1971)Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)



Test Taking StrategiesStudents should look for key terms and phrases in the question and the answers. These are capitalized, bold, italics, etc. Take short breaksDon’t skip aroundDon’t be afraid to change your first answerNever leave an answer blankFrequently check to make sure that questions match numbersMark out incorrect answers.Responses that use absolute words, such as "always" or "never" are less likely to be correct than ones that use conditional words like "usually" or "probably." Look for grammatical cluesFormulate your own answer before reading the options.Eliminate unlikely answers first.Select answers that are longer and more descriptive.



1. During George Washington’s presidency, what was the major reason for conflict between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton?

A Washington’s decision not to seek a third termB the distribution of power between the judicial branch and the legislative branchC the U.S. government’s decision to remain neutral in the war between France and BritainD Hamilton’s objection to Jefferson’s strict interpretation of the Constitution



1. 1. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-DThere are answers that may be reasons but they are not “major” reasons. Words like “major” should indicate to the student that there may be more than one right answer. Hamilton and Jefferson argued about how strictly to interpret the Constitution-Hamilton loosely and Jefferson strictly (which he later flipped on in the Louisiana Purchase).



2. Which statement best explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the United States during the Federalist period?A American Indians did not believe they were affected by U.S. government decisions.B American Indians were denied U.S. citizenship.C American Indians refused to vote because of different views on land ownership.D American Indians did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River.



2. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BBold and italicized (best) means more than one right answer. Make sure that you read all answer choices on these. The key to the answer lies in the words “political participation.” They should be circled. Voting is political participation.



3. Which is an example of the concept of Manifest Destiny in action?

A the Missouri CompromiseB the annexation of Mexican territoryC the Transatlantic Slave TradeD the Compromise of 1850



3. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BManifest destiny is land which means that you can mark out choices C and D. Students now have a 50-50 chance of getting right should they guess. Missouri Compromise feels more like domestic whereas Manifest Destiny feels more like foreign, hence annexation of Mexican territory.



4. Why were James Fenimore Cooper’s novels The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder considered the first “American” novels?

A Cooper focused on themes of the frontier that were prominent in American culture.B Cooper imitated the formal style of European essays.C Cooper wrote on the current political themes of abolition and temperance.D Cooper used European attitudes and values to form his American themes.



4. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-AThe literature of the period focused on the new rugged, individualism of the American culture. Knowing Cooper’s novels is not important as knowing the style of literature from the period.



5. Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended?

A Reconstruction policies were no longer needed when the Southern states rejoined the Union.B African Americans prospered financially.C Reconstruction was intended to be a short-term event that would end in 10 years.D Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political compromise.



5. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-DBold and italicized means more than one right answer. Don’t be fooled by stopping your search of answers when you get an answer that is “sort of” right. Reconstruction ended because of the Compromise of 1877.



6. You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. William Jennings Bryan, 1896 According to this excerpt, which idea did William Jennings Bryan promote?

A Granger lawsB diamond standardC socialismD bimetallism



6. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-D“Gold” and silver, two metals, bimetallism. A major issue of the period.



7. Which innovation had the greatest impact on westward migration immediately after the Civil War?

A telegraphB electricityC steam-powered boatsD transcontinental railroad



7. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-DBold and italicized means more than one right answer. Don’t be fooled by stopping your search of answers when you get an answer that is “sort of” right. Although several answer could be correct the key lies in the very specific “immediately.” Absolute words are clues when approaching these type of questions.



8. How did industrial leaders accumulate wealth during the late 1800s?

A by collective bargaining and forming unionsB by creating monopolies and establishing trustsC by developing new farming techniquesD by selling stock to employees



8. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BThis is a major concept of the period which is very specific-“late 1800s”. Those words should be circled when reading the question.



9. What impact did U.S. governmental polices have on business and industry during the late 1800s?

A The U.S. government tried to control public and private utilities and transportation.B The U.S. government tried to limit and regulate industrial and business growth.C The U.S. government regulated industry for the public good.D The U.S. government had little or no influence on business and industry.



9. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-DOnce again, circle the specific “late 1800s” to narrow your answer choices.



10. What is the best Social-Darwinist defense for U.S. imperialism?

A Robber Barons deserved new markets to sell their goods and expand their businesses.B The United States needed to compete with European nations to prove that the United States was superior.C Superior nations had an obligation to govern less-advanced nations.D The United States needed to test its military strength to make any necessary improvements.



10. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CBold and italicized means more than one right answer. Don’t be fooled by stopping your search of answers when you get an answer that is “sort of” right. Circle Social-Darwinist and imperialism. A thought that should immediately rise when thinking Darwinism is only the strong survive which clues you in to the right answer.



11. In addition to Puerto Rico, which territories were acquired by the United States as part of the peace treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?

A Cuba and the PhilippinesB Cuba and GuamC the Philippines and GuamD the Philippines and Hawaii



11. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CThe US never owned Cuba so those two answer should be crossed out. This leaves a 50-50 guess.



12. What was the effect of the use of literacy tests throughout the South after the U.S. Civil War?

A an increase in voter turnout by African AmericansB the election of more African American government officials in the SouthC the poor and African Americans not allowed to voteD an increase in the power of the Republican Party in the South



12. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CAsk, what is the effect of literacy tests to yourself before looking at the choices. It was a test to limit voting, now, for whom? Poor can’t read and neither could the newly emancipated African Americans.



13. How did U.S. participation in World War I impact U.S. foreign policy in the decade right after the war?

A The United States became isolationist in its diplomatic and political relations.B The United States used the military to acquire new territories.C The United States joined the League of Nations.D The United States strengthened its alliances in Latin America.



13. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-AThe US went from involved in war to isolationist. The other three answers are similar in that they involve involvement outside the US. This is a clue to look for the answer that is different.



Access to Easy Credit ?

Severe Drought in the Midwest

Onset of the Great

Depression in the United States

Factors that Led to the Great Depression



Which statement best completes the diagram above?

A Failure of the League of NationsB Buying stock on marginC High prices for farm commoditiesD Establishment of stricter banking regulation



14. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BBold and italicized means more than one right answer. Don’t be fooled by stopping your search of answers when you get an answer that is “sort of” right. A can be crossed out because it deals with foreign policy. Stricter banking regulations would have prevented the Great Depression, not caused it. You are now at 50-50.



15. Why did many U.S. congressmen dislike Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Quarantine Speech (1937)?

A They feared it would lead to United States involvement in World War II.B They feared it would interfere with U.S. trade relations with China.C They feared it would cause the United States to become more isolationist.D The feared it would increase immigration problems.



15. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-DWhat would be the fear in getting a little more aggressive with foreign nations. Why were we isolationist anyway? People were afraid to be another World War.



16. Which term best describes the foreign policy of both President Harry Truman and President Lyndon Johnson?

A imperialismB nationalismC containmentD appeasement



16. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CBold and italicized means more than one right answer. Don’t be fooled by stopping your search of answers when you get an answer that is “sort of” right. Imperialism is really a concept thought of in the 1890s, appeasement of World War 2. Test makers will not try to confuse you with these concepts outside of the period where they are best understood. The US was trying to contain Communism.



17. Which action taken by President Harry S Truman represents an attempt to respond to civil rights concerns?

A desegregating schoolsB desegregating the militaryC outlawing segregation in federal buildingsD outlawing segregation in public transportation



17. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BEven if you did not know that Truman desegregated the military, you should know that schools and transportation are not normally associated with Truman.



18. How did the domino theory influence the United States’ role in the Vietnam War?

A The United States adopted a position of neutrality.B Vietnamization became the new U.S. foreign policy.C It convinced the United States to become involved in the war.D It forced the United States to support the Vietcong.



18. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CFear to be involved earlier in our history bled over to a fear of Communism throughout the Cold War.



19. Which factor was a major cause of the stagnant economy in the United States during the early 1970s?

A the dependency on imported foodB the increased prices for gasolineC the decline in service sector jobsD the increased production of automobiles



19. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-BGasoline is so important to our economy. This is a major concept with which to be familiar in the 1970s.



20. Which U.S. Supreme Court decision made it illegal to achieve diversity through the use of racial quotas?

A Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)B Swann v. Board of Education of Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina (1971)C Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)D Texas v. Johnson (1989)



20. TEACHER NOTESRight Answer-CAlthough all of these court cases are important, only one deals with racial quotas. All court cases can be understood some by their dates. Court cases like these listed above deal with the rights of individuals. Brown is a must know and will always be addressed in the education sense, thereby eliminating it in this case. Swann is busing and Texas is flag burning.



US History Cheat SheetShort Version



Hamilton’s Economic Plan is always contrasted with Jefferson’s. Hamilton wanted to loosely interpret the Constitution giving the federal government a lot more power in making economic decisions.



Federalist/Anti Federalist started out as a conflict over the inclusion of a Bill of Rights (Anti Federalist wanted it) and bled over to the Hamilton/Jefferson conflict and the two party system.



Marbury v. Madison, 1803-Court case that Fed. Govt power of judicial review. Made fed govt stronger like all court cases that will be tested in the 1801-1834 time period at the expense of state rights.



Louisiana Purchase, 1803 greatly expanded US territory. Made Jefferson a loose constructionist instead of a strict constructionist.



Washington’s Farewell Address said stay away from entangling alliances.



War of 1812 was the 2nd American Revolution. Established US as much more of a world power, turning point in American history; US become more independent and gained foreign respect.



Missouri Compromise, Missouri admitted into Union as a slave state; Maine as a free state. No state of the La Purchase north of the 36 30 were to be free states. All states south to be slave states.



Hudson River School of Artists- Romantic images of America's wilderness - in the Hudson River Valley and also in the newly opened West. The particular use of light effects, to lend an exaggerated drama to such elements as mist and sunsets



Monroe Doctrine, 1823 Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization by European countries; designed to protect Latin American countries.



Seneca Falls Convention. 1848 Convention, Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott to help bring about more women’s rights.



Gettysburg was the turning point battle of the Civil War.



Reconstruction allowed for Southern states to be readmitted. 1865-1877. Lincoln plan was lenient, Congressional plan punished the South, ended with political compromise in 1877 election.



Robber barons-Trusts and monopolies, gospel of wealth led to the industrial revolution and massive wealth in the hands of big businesses.



Sherman Anti Trust Act was designed to protect the public from monopoly practices and other abuses of free enterprise.



Pendleton Act, 1883 set up commission to give competitive examinations for those seeking government jobs.



Muckrakers-Those journalist and individuals that dug up sensationalized stores of the wrongs and evils of big business and society, The Jungle, Upton Sinclair



Spanish American War, 1898, turning point in American history; US become colonial power, sensationalism, sinking of the Maine, US acquired Puerto Rico Guam and Philippines.



Plessey v Ferguson, 1896 allowed separate but equal; was later overturned by Brown v Board of Ed. , 1954



Causes of World War I “MAINA” militarism, aggression, imperialism, nationalism, assassination



Great Depression Caused by buying stocks on the margin, Dust Bowl, easy credit during the 1920sCauses of World War II, appeasement of Hitler, invasion of Poland, Pearl Harbor Allied v Axis



Marshall Plan, Massive rebuilding loan plan in Europe to help thwart the possibility of the spread of Communism.



Cold War, war of words between US and USSR over the spread of Communism; Korea, Vietnam, etc.



United Nations peacekeeping organization of 1945. Security Council has five permanent members US Soviet, Russia, Great Britain, France and China



Brown v Board of Education, 1954 overturned Plessey case; separate but equal were deemed illegal.



Gulf of Tonkin Resolution covered every opportunity to allow for war in Vietnam



Tet Offensive, surprise attacks vy Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese all across South Vietnam during Tet, the luna New Year holidays which demoralized Americans.



Sputnik, 1957 Russian satellite, race into space, helped bring about the National Defense Ed. Act.



Watergate brought about resignation of Nixon, let to distrust of government.



Camp David Accords, agreement between Egypt and Israel during Carter presidency.

US History EOC Review, January, 2006 Union County Public Schools1 Reviewing for the Final EOC in US...

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