SWAT’S FOR OCTOBER 14, 2014 UNITED STATES HISTORY II HONORS THE GREAT TRIALS MR. PETERSON.
US History East High School Mr. Peterson Fall 2010.
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Transcript of US History East High School Mr. Peterson Fall 2010.
US HistoryEast High School
Mr. PetersonFall 2010
How did the Glorious Revolution shape relations between England and its North American colonies?
What factors contributed most significantly to the growth and prosperity of the British mainland colonies?
What factors explain the relative strengths of the
British, French, and Spanish empires in North America?
What were the most significant results of the Enlightenment and Great Awakening in the British colonies?
p. 89
Kings centralized powerLittle use for representative governmentDirect political control over colonies
Dominion of New EnglandConsolidated NE colonies into one unitTensions arise between colonies and Britain
Massachusetts hates Dominion
Protestants Mary (James’ daughter) and husband William of Orange invade BritainCatholic James overthrown, flees to FranceEnglish Bill of Rights-1689
“limited monarchy”
Dominion abolishedKing William III tries to control New EnglandTolerance of other Protestants requiredDemise of the New England Way
King William’s WarExtension of European War to North AmericaInvasion of New France
Queen Anne’s WarEngland and France (War of the Spanish
Succession)Spanish invade CarolinaAcadia captured by British, renamed Nova
Scotia
MercantilismNation’s power measured in wealth, esp. goldMaximize exports (exchange for gold)Not rely on other nationsColonies would provide raw materialsHome country manufactures goods, colonist marketsWar , if necessary, to gain raw materials, expand
markets, block rivalsNavigation Acts
Certain commodities must go through EnglandMolasses Act-taxed foreign molassesProtective tariffs on foreign goodsEncouraged colonies to diversify economies
England held demographic edge250,000 in English colonies by 1700
15,000 French and 4,500 Spanish1,170,000 in English colonies by 1750
60,000 French and 19,000 Spanish
English had better farmland, weather, healthier economies
English accepted most Protestant groups, even non-EnglishScots-Irish and GermansAnti-Catholic sentiment remained highSmall Jewish communities developed
Fig. 4-1, p. 96
Farmers typically had just enough land for themselvesAdult children would rent other landFarms were typically mortgagedNot paid off until reaching late fifties
Wives and daughters did household and close-in work on farmMarried women, with few exceptions, did not
own propertyWidows owned 8-10% of all property
p. 99
Rapid expansion east of AppalachiansTrees had to be cleared
Game drove awayDidn’t rotate crops
Used manure, except with tobacco
Map 4-1, p. 97
Cities key to prosperityOnly 4% of population by 1740Few significant cities: Philadelphia, New York,
Boston, CharlestonPoverty rose in cities
Women especially affectedChanging labor patterns
Move from apprentices and journeymen tradesmen to shorter term labor
Wealth concentrated in small number of families
p. 99
p. 101
Owners spent just enough to keep slaves alive40% of what was spent to maintain indentured servantsSome food provided, forage or raise other food
Creoles, American-born slavesSome slaves learned trades or worked in houses
Task system allowed some slaves time to grow own crops and earn some money
Gang system-work from dawn to dusk, sometimes longer
Slaves could be rented outBlack majority in South Carolina
Restrictions on slaves
Map 4-2, p. 98
p. 98
p. 102
Slave uprising in SCSuppressed brutallyStrict slave codes enacted
Small number became very wealthyGreater gentry
2% of populationOwned 15% of all property
Lesser GentryNext 8% of populationOwned 25% of property
Imitated refinements of upper class in EuropeSome would go on grand tour to Europe
04CO, p. 86
p. 105
French seek to strengthen hold in Mississippi ValleyNew Orleans established in 1718Difficult life for all in Louisiana
France tries to counter British in Ohio ValleyFrench post of Detroit establishedEnglish would offer better prices for goods
French, in general, treated Indians better, but could be brutal
French traders went into Rocky MountainsBought buffalo hides and Indian slaves
Great Plains and Great Basin Indians adopt horse and gun
p. 106
Map 4-3, p. 110
Depopulation and dislocation of nativesConflict came early to Carolina
Tuscarora War (1711-1713)Yamasee War (1715-1716)Covenant Chain
Iroquois help English conquer other IndiansIroquois become most powerful Indian group
Gen. James OglethorpeUnique experimentMilitary and philanthropic motives
Counter Spanish presence in FloridaLimited land holdingExcluded Africans initiallyExcluded CatholicsProhibited rumStrictly regulated trade with natives
Poor tradesmen and artisansEngland and Scotland
Religious refugeesGermany and Switzerland
Lowest percentage of English
p. 108
Statue of James OglethorpeSavannah, Georgia
Congregation Mickve IsraelFounded 1733
Spain controlled much of SE and SW by 1750Spread thin, sparsely populatedDepended on support of Natives Americans
p. 109
p. 110
King George’s War (1740-1748)War between Britain and SpainWar of the Austrian Succession in EuropeNew Englanders attack New France
p. 111
Colonial assemblies a major forceLower house elected by peopleUpper house appointed by governor
Trial of Peter ZengerEncouraged broad political participation and
discussion
p. 112
Well educated populationEnlightenment combined human reason with
skepticismBenjamin Franklin
Embodied Enlightenment in AmericaScience and public benefit
p. 114
Surge of Protestant revivalism, beginning in 1739Jonathan Edwards
Congregationalist minister“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
George WhitefieldRevival tour
Unprecedented split in ProtestantismNew Lights vs. Old LightsNew colleges formedAdded to prominence of women in religion
p. 87
p. 117
p. 118
US HistoryEast High School
Mr. PetersonFall 2010