US HISTORY Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400-1625.
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Transcript of US HISTORY Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400-1625.
US HISTORYChapter 2
Exploring the Americas1400-1625
Lesson 1 – A Changing World
The Crusades Began in 1095 Series of expeditions by
European Christians to Jerusalem to regain control of the Holy City
Brought Europeans into contact with Asians traded for spices, sugar, & silk
Marco Polo Traveled to China
in late 1200s Wrote “Travels”
described his journey
Increased interest in Asia for Europeans
Lesson 1 – A Changing World
Growth of Trade Arab traders in the Middle
East sold Asian goods to European merchants
European merchants shipped goods to Mediterranean ports such as Venice and Genoa
European merchants wanted to figure out a way to bypass Arab traders in order to increase their profit
Lesson 1 – A Changing World
Technology Advancements Printing Press – allows for
information (books, maps, etc.) to spread quickly
Astrolabe – helped determine latitude
Magnetic Compass – helped determine direction
Caravel – faster ship with more cargo space, could also go in shallow waters
Lesson 1 – A Changing World
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Portugal Prince Henry set up center for
exploration in Portugal in 1420 This “school” brought together
astronomers, geographers, mathematicians, sailors, and shipbuilders to share their knowledge
Portuguese ships explored the western coast of Africa traded for gold and ivory...later bought slaves
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Portugal 1487 – Bartholomeu Dias sails
around southern tip of Africa...King John II names the “Cape of Good Hope”
1497 – Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope, travels up coast of East Africa and sails to India
1500 – Pedro Cabral leaves for India, swings so wide around Africa that he lands in Brazil (claiming the land for Portugal), takes off from Brazil for India
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Spain Christopher Columbus
Did NOT “discover” America Evidence shows Leif Eriksson
and the Vikings were in N. America centuries earlier
1492 – convinces Spain (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella) to finance his voyage to look for western route to Asia
Takes three ships (Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria) and reaches Caribbean in October 1492
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Spain Christopher Columbus
Returns to Spain with Native American slaves & gets financing for another voyage
Returns to Caribbean in 1493 – treats natives VERY poorly (crew stole food & gold, raped women, & made many natives slaves)
Made two more voyages (1498 & 1502) sailing along coastline of Central & South America
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Feud between Spain & Portugal both countries wanted to
protect their claims in the Americas...turned to Pope Alexander VI for help
Line of Demarcation – established in 1493, runs from N to S, Spain gets lands to the W, Portugal gets lands to the E
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) – Portugal complains about the line...two countries agree to move it W
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Other Explorers Amerigo Vespucci -
sailed along coast of South America in 1502, concluded that South America was a new continent and not part of Asia, geographers then began to call the land “America” in his honor
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Other Explorers Vasco Nunez de Balboa –
travels across Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and becomes first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, claims it and all adjoining lands for Spain
Lesson 2 – Early Exploration
Other Explorers Ferdinand Magellan –
reached the southernmost tip of South America in 1520, encountered storms, went into Pacific Ocean and gave it its name...means “peaceful”...went on to sail to the Philippines where he was killed...his crew continued on to Spain where they arrived in 1522 becoming the first to circumnavigate the world
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Explorers & Conquest Spanish hear stories of
gold & riches in the Americas
Spanish crown allows conquistadors to explore in search of these riches...1/5 of any gold found was to be paid to the Spanish crown
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Hernan Cortes arrives at Tenochtitlan -
November 8, 1519 Montezuma (Aztec leader)
believes Cortes is Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god returning to take back the throne)
Montezuma becomes prisoner of the Spanish
Spanish steal millions in gold Cortes leaves, returns 10
months later Aztec surrender on August 13,
1521
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Francisco Pizarro arrived in Incan Empire in
1531 captured Incan leader
(Atahualpa) Spanish held Atahualpa
ransom, forced Incans to fill a room with gold & silver
Incans fill the room ($65 million value)
Pizarro kills him anyway
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Juan Ponce de Leon First Spanish landing in
North American mainland (east coast of Florida) in 1513
Searched for gold & mythical “fountain of youth”
Named “Florida”...Spanish word means “full of flowers”
His journey led to the first settlement in what is now the US – St. Augustine, FL (1565)
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Hernando de Soto Led Spanish expedition
throughout the American Southeast in search of the “Seven Cities of Cibola” or Seven Cities of Gold
First European expedition to reach Mississippi River
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Searched throughout
American Southwest for the Seven Cities of Cibola
Lesson 3 – Spain in America
Social Classes Peninsulares – born in
Spain, but living in the New World
Creoles – born in New World to Spanish parents
Mestizos – people of mixed Spanish & Native American descent
Native Americans African slaves
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies Religious Rivalries
First Europeans to travel in Americas were Catholic (Spanish & Portuguese)
1517 – Reformation starts…start of Protestantism
1533 – English King Henry VIII leaves Catholic Church
Problems arise during reign of Henry’s daughter (Queen Elizabeth I)
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
England & Spain close to war due to trade rivalry & religious differences
King Philip II (Spain) wanted to replace Queen Elizabeth I (England) with a Catholic
Sir Francis Drake – English, attacked Spanish ships & ports, Philip II felt he should be punished, Elizabeth knighted him instead
Philip sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England
Spanish Armada is defeated (1588) by the English
Opens the way for English to colonize North America
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies Northwest Passage
Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Americas b/w Spain & Portugal...England, France, & the Netherlands ignored the treaty and made their own claims
All of the countries were interested in finding the Northwest Passage supposed all-water route through the Americas
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies Northwest Passage
John Cabot – sailed for England in 1497...landed in Newfoundland...England used Cabot’s voyage to make land claims in North America...found important fishing area now known as “Grand Banks”
Jacques Cartier – French explorer...sailed up the St. Lawrence River...France used Cartier’s voyage to make land claims in Canada
Henry Hudson – Dutch explorer...Hudson River & Hudson Bay named after him...mutinous crew set him adrift in Hudson Bay...he was never seen again
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies French in North America
Mainly concerned with fishing & trapping
New France – along St. Lawrence R. in Canada
French Explorers Joliet & Marquette – went down
Mississippi River by canoe...determined it went south to Gulf of Mexico and not west to Pacific
La Salle – traveled the Mississippi River all the way south to Gulf of Mexico, claimed the region for France calling it “Louisiana” in honor of King Louis XIV
Lesson 4 – Competing for
Colonies Dutch Settlements
Dutch had large fleet of trading ships that sailed all over the world
Set up multiple trading posts along east coast of North America
New Amsterdam – center of the colony...Gov. Peter Minuit paid about $24 in goods to Manhattoes natives for the island...island is now known as Manhattan (NYC)