Dust Dust BowlBowl

FDRFDR

Struggling Struggling FamiliesFamilies

HomelesHomelesss

Economic Economic CrisisCrisis

ForeclosurForeclosuree

H. Hoover (Republican) H. Hoover (Republican) FDR (Democrat)FDR (Democrat)

VS.VS.

Hoover, that’s Hoover, that’s a whole lot of a whole lot of

ResponsibilityResponsibility!!Here you Here you go Frank!go Frank!

Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt

1932 - Presidential Election1932 - Presidential Election

Greatest Democratic Victory in 80 yearsGreatest Democratic Victory in 80 years

12 years12 years

- - “The only thing we have to Fear is Fear itself."

AMERICA GETS BACK TO WORKAMERICA GETS BACK TO WORK

: A New Deal fights the depression• FDR carefully assembles a team…FDR carefully assembles a team…

““Brain TrustBrain Trust” = ” = A select group of professors, lawyers, and A select group of professors, lawyers, and journalists, who would advise FDR during journalists, who would advise FDR during his presidencyhis presidency.

19331933 - - 19451945

Rexford G. TugwellRexford G. Tugwell

New DealNew Deal= = Program designed to Program designed to

alleviate the alleviate the problems of the problems of the Great Depression.Great Depression.

1. 1. Relief for the needyRelief for the needy

2. 2. Economic RecoveryEconomic Recovery

3. 3. Financial ReformFinancial Reform

“The Hundred Days”= A period of intense activity,

where congress passed more than (15) major pieces of New Deal Legislation.

TO DO LIST: TO DO LIST: ##1-1- Regulating Bank and FinanceRegulating Bank and Finance

• Emergency Relief ActEmergency Relief Act = = Shut down all banks for Shut down all banks for inspection.inspection.

• Glass- Steagall Act = Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Insured bank accounts up to $5,000.

• Reassured millions of Banks.

• “Money was safe”.

• Fireside Chats = Radio talks about issues of public concern.

““Golden Age of Radio”Golden Age of Radio”

Stock MarketStock Market

• Federal Securities Act = Required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings; making them liable.

• Security and Exchange Commission = Regulate the stock market, preventing inside trading “rigging”.

• 1933, – 21st amendment repeals prohibition.1933, – 21st amendment repeals prohibition.

Helping the American PeopleHelping the American People• FarmersFarmers

(Perhaps the hardest hit)(Perhaps the hardest hit)

• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) = Raised crop prices by paying farmers to lower production (leave a certain amount of land alone).(leave a certain amount of land alone).

• Providing Work Projects (“Alphabet Agencies”)Providing Work Projects (“Alphabet Agencies”)− Civilian “Conservation” Corps (CCC) =

Young men 18-25, put to work building parks, bridges, planting trees, soil - erosion and flood control projects.. (ex) reforestation, dam construction(ex) reforestation, dam construction

− National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) (NIRA) == Provided money to create jobs constructing schools and Provided money to create jobs constructing schools and other community buildings.other community buildings. (ex) hospitals, libraries, r. centers, etc.(ex) hospitals, libraries, r. centers, etc.

The New Deal Comes under AttackThe New Deal Comes under Attack• John Maynard Keynes.

Mixed economy — predominantly private sector, but with a significant role of government and public sector. − “Spending money to make money”

• Deficit Spending = Spending more money than the government receives in revenue. − (ex) Stimulus Package; putting money in the hands of (ex) Stimulus Package; putting money in the hands of

consumers.consumers.− ““A necessary evil to be used only at a time of Great Economic A necessary evil to be used only at a time of Great Economic

crisis”. crisis”.

-- $ 4 Billion-- $ 4 Billion

++

• Although the economy Although the economy had improved during FDR’s had improved during FDR’s first term (1932-1936), the first term (1932-1936), the gains were not as great as gains were not as great as expected.expected.

• Unemployment remained Unemployment remained high and production still high and production still lagged.lagged.

1932 - Presidential Election

Greatest Democratic Victory in 80 yearsGreatest Democratic Victory in 80 years

12 years12 years

ROOSEVELT (RED) VS. LANDON (BLUE) 1936 - ELECTIONROOSEVELT (RED) VS. LANDON (BLUE) 1936 - ELECTION

19361936

The 2The 2ndnd New Deal takes Hold New Deal takes Hold • Workers Progress Administration (WPA) =

Create as many jobs as fast as possible ($11 billion ~ building roads, airports, public buildings).

• Farm Security AdministrationFarm Security Administration (FSA) = (FSA) = $1 billion to help farmers buy land.$1 billion to help farmers buy land.

• National Youth Administration (NYA) = Provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people.

Improving Labor and other reforms

• Wagner ActWagner Act = Prohibited unfair labor = Prohibited unfair labor practices (threatening, harassing, interfering practices (threatening, harassing, interfering with union organizing).with union organizing).

• Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act = 40 hrs work week, = 40 hrs work week, minimum wage, work at age 16.minimum wage, work at age 16.

$5.15 ~ 1997$5.15 ~ 1997

Guam ~ $7.25Guam ~ $7.25

• The Social Security Act = (3) parts,

1. Insurance for retirees age 65+ and their spouses.

2. Unemployment compensation.

3. Aid to families with dependent children / disabled.

•National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) = labor union representation and with investigating and remedying unfair labor practices.

The New Deal affects many Groups• Women make their mark

− Eleanor Roosevelt = Social reformer & humanitarian, traveled the nation observing and reminding FDR about the nation’s social conditions.

− Appoint women to office.

− Frances Perkins = America’s 1st female cabinet member. Secretary of Labor (Social Security + supervised Labor (Social Security + supervised Labor Legislation).Legislation).

• African American activism

− Mary Mcleod Bethune = Division Head of Negro Affairs, promoted opportunities for young African Americans.

• Organized a “Black Cabinet” that addressed racial issues

• (Mexican-American fortunes, Native- Americans).(Mexican-American fortunes, Native- Americans).

Sec. 4: Culture in the 1930’sSec. 4: Culture in the 1930’s• Pictures, Radio, Movies, Art, WritersPictures, Radio, Movies, Art, Writers

MOVIES:MOVIES:

• By the late 1930s, 65% of Americans were By the late 1930s, 65% of Americans were attending the movies at least once per attending the movies at least once per week at one of the nation’s 15,000 movie week at one of the nation’s 15,000 movie theaterstheaters

• Comedies, lavish musicals, love stories and Comedies, lavish musicals, love stories and gangster films dominated the movie gangster films dominated the movie industryindustry

MOVIE MOVIE

• A new era of glamour in A new era of glamour in Hollywood was launched with Hollywood was launched with stars like Clark Gable, Marlene stars like Clark Gable, Marlene Dietrich and James CagneyDietrich and James Cagney

STARS

1930s

FAMOUS FILMS OF THE 30sFAMOUS FILMS OF THE 30s

• One of the most famous One of the most famous films of the era was films of the era was Gone Gone with the Wind with the Wind (1939)(1939)

• Other notable movies of Other notable movies of the era included the era included The The Wizard of Oz Wizard of Oz (1939) and (1939) and Snow White and the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)Seven Dwarfs (1937)

RADIO: RADIO: THE THE ORIGINAL ORIGINAL ENTERTAINMENTENTERTAINMENT

• Sales of radios greatly Sales of radios greatly increased in the 1930s, increased in the 1930s, from 13 million in 1930 from 13 million in 1930 to 28 million by 1940to 28 million by 1940

• Nearly 90% of Nearly 90% of American homes American homes owned a radioowned a radio Families spent hours listening to Families spent hours listening to

the radiothe radio

FAMOUS RADIO MOMENTSFAMOUS RADIO MOMENTS

• Orson Welles created a Orson Welles created a radio special called radio special called War of War of the Worlds the Worlds

• It was an epic drama It was an epic drama about alienabout aliens s landing in landing in AmericaAmerica

• Unfortunately, many Unfortunately, many thought it was a news thought it was a news broadcast and panickedbroadcast and panicked

LIVE NEWS LIVE NEWS COVERAGECOVERAGE

• Radio captured news Radio captured news as well as providing as well as providing entertainment.entertainment.

• One of the first One of the first worldwide broadcasts worldwide broadcasts was the horrific crash was the horrific crash of the of the Hindenburg, Hindenburg, a a German Zeppelin German Zeppelin (blimp), in New Jersey (blimp), in New Jersey on May 6, 1937.on May 6, 1937.

• Such immediate news Such immediate news coverage became a coverage became a staple in society.staple in society.

The Hindenburg caught fire and was utterly destroyed within a minute Of the 97 people on board, 13 passengers and

22 crew-members were killed

ART DURING ART DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION

• The Federal Art Project The Federal Art Project (branch of the WPA) (branch of the WPA) paid artists a living paid artists a living wage to produce artwage to produce art

• Projects included Projects included murals, posters and murals, posters and booksbooks

• Much of the art, music Much of the art, music and literature was and literature was sober and serioussober and seriousWPA Art – “Democracy . . .a

Challenge” – artist, date unknown

ARTISTS ARTISTS HERALDEDHERALDED

• Painters like Edward Painters like Edward Hopper, Thomas Hart Hopper, Thomas Hart Benton, and Iowa’s Grant Benton, and Iowa’s Grant Wood were all made Wood were all made famous by their work in famous by their work in the WPA programthe WPA program

• Photographer Dorothea Photographer Dorothea Lange gained fame from Lange gained fame from her photos during this era her photos during this era (featured throughout this (featured throughout this presentationpresentation) Wood’s American Gothic is perhaps the most

famous piece of the era (1930)

Ch.23Ch.23

•Building Vocab A + BBuilding Vocab A + B

•Sec 1. A + BSec 1. A + B

•Sec. 3 #’s 1- 6Sec. 3 #’s 1- 6

•Sec. 5 #’s 1 - 5Sec. 5 #’s 1 - 5

Test Paper ReturnTest Paper Return (ch.19 – 22) (ch.19 – 22)

• Grade Calculation formula:Grade Calculation formula:

• 77 – (**) = ______ x 2 = 77 – (**) = ______ x 2 = Your GradeYour Grade

How ever many # of How ever many # of wrong you havewrong you have

Quiz # 14 (Ch. 23, sec. 1)Quiz # 14 (Ch. 23, sec. 1)1.1. Use more money than the government receives. (D S)Use more money than the government receives. (D S)

2.2. Shut down all banks for inspection. (E R A)Shut down all banks for inspection. (E R A)

3.3. A period of intense activity, where congress passed more than A period of intense activity, where congress passed more than (15) major pieces of New Deal Legislation. (# ______ )(15) major pieces of New Deal Legislation. (# ______ )

4.4. Program designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Program designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression. (N D)Depression. (N D)

5.5. Raised crop prices by paying farmers to lower production Raised crop prices by paying farmers to lower production (A A A )(A A A )

6.6. Radio talks about issues of public concern. (F C)Radio talks about issues of public concern. (F C)

7.7. Proposed “Share – Our – Wealth“ (H L)Proposed “Share – Our – Wealth“ (H L)

8.8. Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). (G S A)(G S A)

9.9. A select group of professors, lawyers, and journalists, who would A select group of professors, lawyers, and journalists, who would advise FDR during his presidency. (B T)advise FDR during his presidency. (B T)

10.10. Young men 18-25, put to work building parks, bridges, planting Young men 18-25, put to work building parks, bridges, planting trees, soil - erosion and flood control projects. trees, soil - erosion and flood control projects. ( C C C )( C C C )

AgendaAgenda

Sec. 1: A New Deal fights the depressionSec. 1: A New Deal fights the depression

Sec. 2: The Second New Deal takes holdSec. 2: The Second New Deal takes hold

Sec. 3: The New Deal affects many groupsSec. 3: The New Deal affects many groups

Sec. 4: Culture in the 1930’sSec. 4: Culture in the 1930’s

Sec.5: The Impact of the New DealSec.5: The Impact of the New Deal

1122