U.S. Government Review Roots of Democracy. U.S. History Review The Bill of Rights Amendments 2-10.

U.S. Government Review

Roots of Democracy

U.S. History Review

The Bill of Rights

Amendments 2-10

2nd, 3rd, and 4th Amendments

2nd Amendment – Right to bear arms to maintain a well regulated militia.

3rd Amendment – No quartering of troops in people’s homes in times of peace.

4th Amendment – Protection against “unreasonable searches and seizures” and any evidence obtained illegally cannot be used.

How does this protect you?It is up to the states to determine limitations on weapons.

(federalism)Police cannot search your property without a warrant or

“probable cause” or it is determined that evidence is being destroyed or if an “honest mistake” is made.

The police can only pull you over for breaking the law and need permission to search your car unless something is “in plain view”.

Once you put your trash out on the curb, it becomes public property and can be searched.

Any evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against you in a court of law.

The police need a warrant to do any “wiretapping” into your phone or internet communications.

The school has more rights to search you at school than the police do in public.

The 5th Amendment5th Amendment – Assures

the right not to be deprived of “life, liberty, or property without due process of law”, including protections against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and government seizure of property without just compensation.

How does this protect you?Once you become a suspect for a crime, you must be

read your legal rights. If you are not informed of your rights, anything that you say is not admissible in court.

You do not have to testify against yourself in a court proceeding against you. (the burden of proof is on the prosecution)

Any confession made “under duress” must be thrown out.

Results of a “lie detector” are not admissible in court.Once you are found innocent of a crime in a criminal

court, you cannot be charged with that crime again.If the government takes your property, they must give

you just compensation for that property.

6th, 7th and 8th Amendments6th Amendment –

Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

7th Amendment – Assures the right to a jury trial in cases involving the common law.

8th Amendment – Protects against excessive bail or cruel and unusual punishment.

How does this protect you?The state has to provide you an attorney if you

cannot afford one for any offense that you are accused of where the punishment could be greater that six months jail time.

A judge cannot order excessive bail to hold a suspect in jail if they are not a threat to society.

You have the right to a jury trial if you choose.

The government cannot use “cruel and unusual punishment” against someone convicted of a crime.

9th and 10th Amendments

9th Amendment – Provides that people’s rights are not restricted to those specified in Amendments 1-8.

10th Amendment – Restates the idea of federalism. Powers not given to the national government, or prohibited to the states are reserved to the states and to the people.

Bill of Rights Blitz Quiz

Use numbers B1 – B2

B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees all citizens

of the United States certain rights, including A against oppression by foreign governments

B from economic hardships

K from being deprived of property, liberty, or life without due process of law

D against the military draft by the federal government

B1: The Bill of Rights guarantees all citizens

of the United States certain rights, including A against oppression by foreign governments

B from economic hardships

K from being deprived of property, liberty, or life without due process of law

D against the military draft by the federal government

B2: The guarantee that every U.S. citizen facing criminal prosecution will have a speedy and public

trial by an impartial jury is provided in the - A. Declaration of Independence

B. Mayflower Compact

K. Articles of Confederation

D. Bill of Rights

B2: The guarantee that every U.S. citizen facing criminal prosecution will have a speedy and public

trial by an impartial jury is provided in the - A. Declaration of Independence

B. Mayflower Compact

K. Articles of Confederation

D. Bill of Rights

U.S. History Review

“Other” Constitutional Amendments

The Civil War Amendments“Free, Citizens, Vote”

• 13th – Prohibition of Slavery (1865)• 14th – Citizenship, Due Process, Equal

Protection (1868)• 15th – Right to vote not to be denied by race,

color or previous servitude (1870)

Important Later Amendments• Congress has the right to levy an income tax

(16th – 1913)• The people will elect Senators directly (17th –

1913)• The Prohibition of Alcohol (18th – 1919,

repealed by the 21st – 1933)• Women shall have the right to vote (19th – 1920)• A President shall serve no more than 2 terms or

ten years (22nd – 1951)• A formal process for the Vice President to

become President (25th – 1967)• The voting age is lowered to 18 (26th – 1971)

“Other” Constitutional AmendmentsBlitz Quiz

Use numbers A1 – A4

A1: One reason the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were considered milestones

was that they A brought the Civil War to an end

B created the Freedmen’s Bureau

K established procedures for impeaching the president

D granted newly freed slaves significant political rights

A1: One reason the 14th and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution were considered milestones

was that they A brought the Civil War to an end

B created the Freedmen’s Bureau

K established procedures for impeaching the president

D granted newly freed slaves significant political rights

A2: Ratification of the 17th Amendment gave the people a greater voice in government by

providing for - A. Direct elections of senatorsB. Federal funding of local and state electionsK. Equal voting rights for African AmericansD. Equal representation in the Senate and the

A2: Ratification of the 17th Amendment gave the people a greater voice in government by

providing for - A. Direct elections of senatorsB. Federal funding of local and state electionsK. Equal voting rights for African AmericansD. Equal representation in the Senate and the

A3: It can be inferred from the excerpt below that Senator Mansfield advocated the right of 18-year-

olds to

A. enlist in the army B. marry the person of their choice K. attend the college of their choice D. vote in national elections

A3: It can be inferred from the excerpt below that Senator Mansfield advocated the right of 18-year-

olds to

A. enlist in the army B. marry the person of their choice K. attend the college of their choice D. vote in national elections

A-4: The headline refers to a constitutional

amendment that -

A allows for taxes on income

B protects the right to freedom of expression

K expands the right to vote

D details the right of the accused in criminal cases

A-4: The headline refers to a constitutional

amendment that -

A allows for taxes on income

B protects the right to freedom of expression

K expands the right to vote

D details the right of the accused in criminal cases

Pre-test Questions(from the test taken in class on April 2nd)

9 of 55 TAKS Questions (16%)

1: In a democracy. freedom of speech and

freedom of the press allow citizens to -

A. express opinions on important issues

B. disobey controversial laws without consequences

C. change government policies through the use of violence

D. knowingly publish falsehoods for the purpose of ruining someone’s reputation

1: In a democracy, freedom of speech and

freedom of the press allow citizens to -

A. express opinions on important issues

B. disobey controversial laws without consequences

C. change government policies through the use of violence

D. knowingly publish falsehoods for the purpose of ruining someone’s reputation

5: Which of the following constitutional

remedies best completes the chart?

A. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speechB. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bailC. The Second Amendment grants the right to bear armsD. The Sixth Amendment provides for a fair and speedy trial

5: Which of the following constitutional

remedies best completes the chart?

A. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speechB. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bailC. The Second Amendment grants the right to bear armsD. The Sixth Amendment provides for a fair and speedy trial

9: The items listed below are all found in the -

A. Articles of ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Magna CartaD. Declaration of Independence

9: The items listed below are all found in the -

A. Articles of ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Magna CartaD. Declaration of Independence

16: Which of the following occurred as a result of the ratification of the 14th Amendment to the

U.S. Constitution?

A. Women were granted the right to vote

B. Citizenship was extended to former slaves

C. The authority of the federal judiciary was expanded

D. The rights of immigrants were protected.

16: Which of the following occurred as a result of the ratification of the 14th Amendment to the

U.S. Constitution?

A. Women were granted the right to vote

B. Citizenship was extended to former slaves

C. The authority of the federal judiciary was expanded

D. The rights of immigrants were protected.

29: Which of the following is guaranteed in the

Bill of Rights?

A. The right to vote

B. The right to own property

C. The right to work

D. The right to a public trial

29: Which of the following is guaranteed in the

Bill of Rights?

A. The right to vote

B. The right to own property

C. The right to work

D. The right to a public trial

33: The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 met to correct the defects

of the -

A. Bill of Rights

B. Northwest Ordinance

C. Articles of Confederation

D. Declaration of Independence

33: The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 met to correct the defects

of the -

A. Bill of Rights

B. Northwest Ordinance

C. Articles of Confederation

D. Declaration of Independence

37: Who is credited with writing most of the document excerpted below?

A. Samuel Adams

B. Thomas Paine

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. George Washington

37: Who is credited with writing most of the document excerpted below?

A. Samuel Adams

B. Thomas Paine

C. Thomas Jefferson

D. George Washington

38: What was the significance of the ratification of the 15th Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution

A. It granted the right to vote to African Americans

B. It granted citizenship to native AmericansC. It outlawed discrimination in public placesD. It provided for the admission of new states to

the Union.

38: What was the significance of the ratification of the 15th Amendment to the U.S.

Constitution

A. It granted the right to vote to African Americans

B. It granted citizenship to native AmericansC. It outlawed discrimination in public placesD. It provided for the admission of new states to

the Union.

44: The items listed in the box below are most closely associated with

A. citizenship requirements

B. inalienable rights

C. limited government

D. checks and balances

44: The items listed in the box below are most closely associated with

A. citizenship requirements

B. inalienable rights

C. limited government

D. checks and balances

Left Over Review Questions

D3: John Locke wrote about the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and property because most nations -

A. Guaranteed rights to women

B. Limited rights to the privileged few

C. Protected rights with state constitutions

D. Restricted the power of the ruler

D3: John Locke wrote about the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and property because most nations -

A. Guaranteed rights to women

B. Limited rights to the privileged few

C. Protected rights with state constitutions

D. Restricted the power of the ruler

D4: The unalienable rights referred to in the

Declaration of Independence are rights that —

A. are guaranteed only to natural born citizens

B. cannot be taken away by a government without due process of law

K. are enumerated by the Magna Carta

D. are limited by the Bill of Rights

D4: The unalienable rights referred to in the

Declaration of Independence are rights that —

A. are guaranteed only to natural born citizens

B. cannot be taken away by a government without due process of law

K. are enumerated by the Magna Carta

D. are limited by the Bill of Rights

D6: It can best be supported from the excerpt below that that if a person’s unalienable rights are not protected by

the government, then the people have —

A. The right to change the government

B. The opportunity to adjust government spending

C. The obligation to obey unfair laws

D. The responsibility to finance political campaigns

D6: It can best be supported from the excerpt below that that if a person’s unalienable rights are not protected by

the government, then the people have —

A. The right to change the government

B. The opportunity to adjust government spending

C. The obligation to obey unfair laws

D. The responsibility to finance political campaigns

C4: How does the U.S. Constitution address this complaint detailed in the Declaration of

Independence?

A. “No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years….”

B. “Each house may….with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.”

C. “Representatives…shall be apportioned among the several states…according to their respective numbers…”

D. “The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services…”

C4: How does the U.S. Constitution address this complaint detailed in the Declaration of

Independence?

A. “No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years….”

B. “Each house may….with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.”

C. “Representatives…shall be apportioned among the several states…according to their respective numbers…”

D. “The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for their services…”

P5: According to the excerpt below, Madison

favored the basic constitution principle of -

A separation of powers

B republicanism

C federalism

D popular sovereignty

P5: According to the excerpt below, Madison

favored the basic constitution principle of -

A separation of powers

B republicanism

C federalism

D popular sovereignty

P3: Which of the following is an example of the constitutional principle of governmental checks and

balances? A. Direct election of senators

B. Presidential veto power

C. Congressional term limits

D. Appeal of court decisions

P3: Which of the following is an example of the constitutional principle of governmental checks and

balances? A. Direct election of senators

B. Presidential veto power

C. Congressional term limits

D. Appeal of court decisions

P4: The idea of representative government flourished in colonial America because the

colonists wanted

A the people to be the source of power

B to be responsible for their own defense

C government power to be held by only a few leaders

D a president to control the government

P4: The idea of representative government flourished in colonial America because the

colonists wanted

A the people to be the source of power

B to be responsible for their own defense

C government power to be held by only a few leaders

D a president to control the government

F2: The excerpt below implies that -

A. democratic governments limit freedom of the press

B. a free press is essential to a free society

C. freedom of the press is more important than democracy

D. democratic governments should subsidize the press

F2: The excerpt below implies that -

F5: Which of the following best completes the diagram below?

A. Examples of judicial abuse of power

B. The results of free speech and a free press

C. Examples of government checks and balances

D. The impact of the separation of powers

F5: Which of the following best completes the diagram below?

A. Examples of judicial abuse of power

B. The results of free speech and a free press

C. Examples of government checks and balances

D. The impact of the separation of powers

F4: According to the excerpt, which of the following is

necessary to preserve liberty within the U.S.?

F4: According to the excerpt, which of the following is

necessary to preserve liberty within the U.S.?

B2: The provisions made in this excerpt were intended to address which of the following grievances

listed in the Declaration of Independence?

A. “For imposing taxes on us without our consent . . . ” B. “For quartering large bodies of armed troops among

us . . . ” C. “For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world . . . ” D. “For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for

pretended offenses . . . ”

B2: The provisions made in this excerpt were intended to address which of the following grievances

listed in the Declaration of Independence?

A. “For imposing taxes on us without our consent . . . ” B. “For quartering large bodies of armed troops among

us . . . ” C. “For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world . . . ” D. “For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for

pretended offenses . . . ”

B3: Which of the following court cases is directly related to the scenario described below?

A. Gideon v. Wainright: The accused has the right to an attorney in state felony cases

B. Escabedo v. Illinois: The accused has the right to an attorney during police interrogation

C. Reynolds v. Sims: Congressional districts should be equal in population

D. Mapp v. Ohio: Evidence seized illegally cannot be used in a court of law

B3: Which of the following court cases is directly related to the scenario described below?

A. Gideon v. Wainright: The accused has the right to an attorney in state felony cases

B. Escabedo v. Illinois: The accused has the right to an attorney during police interrogation

C. Reynolds v. Sims: Congressional districts should be equal in population

D. Mapp v. Ohio: Evidence seized illegally cannot be used in a court of law

A2: The 15th Amendment to the US Constitution gave citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or former status as a slave. Later methods of depriving citizens of their 15th Amendment rights

included — A poll taxes and literacy tests

B requiring landownership

C church membership requirements

D requiring a high school education