U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE ......2010/04/13 · Pegu Bassein P ts ulok Savannakhet...
1
Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center 20 April 2010 Map not approved for release by Director USGS EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXX U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DISCLAIMER Base map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regarded as having official significance. EURASIA PLATE Sichuan (Red) B Tibetan Plateau 1976 KUNLU N FA U L T Qinghai Shaanxi Gansu Xinjiang Ningxia Wangdi Phodrang Lhuntshi Kachin State Yunnan Guizhou Arunachal Pradesh Sichuan Xizang 1955 1915 1917 1923 1933 1937 1947 1947 1948 1950 1951 1952 1967 1973 2001 2008 GOLMUD Minhe QABQA LANZHOU Linxia ZIKETAN Lintao Kagang Hezuo TIANSHUI Tianshui DAWU GUANGHAN SHEHONG NANCHONG CHENGDU Shuangliu SUINING QIONGLAI XINJIN PENGSHAN ANYUE MEISHAN SHIH- YANG YAAN TONGLIANG DAZU LHASA NEIJIANG WUTONGQIAO RONCHANG GUANGSHUNCHANG ZIGONG LONGCHANG Gongjing FU-SHUN BAISHA QAMDO LUZHOU Nanxi SHUANG- TSAO-FANG HEJIANG NAXI YIBIN JIANGAN PINGSHAN DEYANG Hanwang MIANYANG PENG XIAN NAGQU LANGZHONG JIANGYOU Guangyaun ALOA GYEGU Lueyang Hui-Xian Tewo Li Xian Min Xian Lo-han 106° 106° 104° 104° 102° 102° 100° 100° 98° 98° 96° 96° 94° 94° 92° 92° 90° 36° 36° 34° 34° 32° 32° 30° 30° 28° EURASIA PLATE EURASIA PLATE YANGTZE PLATE NDIA PLATE EA CH YELLOW SEA BAY OF BE H I M A L A Y A T i a n S h a n K u n j u n M o u n t a i n s Chang Jaing Huang He BANGLA- DESH MYANMAR (BURMA) THAILAND C H I N A INDIA NEPAL TAJIKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN M NORT KORE TNAM LAOS BHUTAN TAIWAN TIBETAN PLATEAU INDIA PLATE SUNDA PLATE Burma Plate AMUR PLATE (Yangtze) Kunlun Fault Altyn Tagh Fault Beijing Tianjin Shanghai Delhi Fangcheng Gang Changchun Jilin Urumqi Almaty Bishkek Fushun Shenyang Tashkent Anshan Huhot Tangshan Dalian P'yongyang Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Inch`on Xining Lanzhou Zhengzhou Luoyang Xi'an Rawalpindi Nanjing Hefei Amritsar Lahore Faisalabad Chengdu Wuhan Hangzhou Chongqing Nanchang Changsha Lucknow Guiyang Kanpur Fuzhou Patna Varanasi Kunming Taipei T'aichung Guangzhou T'ainan Khulna Nanning Calcutta Kowloon Chittagong Victoria Mandalay Nagpur Hanoi Vishakhapatnam Hyderabad Rangoon Madras Baotou Aizawl Shymkent Namangan Kanggye Andizhan Osh Gulistan Fergana Sinuiju Hamhung Kashi Yinchuan Kaesong Kulob Islamabad Simla Chandigarh Lhasa Kathmandu Biratnagar Kohima Shillong Myitkyina Imphal Rajshahi Agartala Macau Yen Bai Thai Nguyen Viet Tri Hon Gai Hai Duong Haiphong Hoa Binh Taunggyi Bhubaneshwar Magway Sittwe Thanh Hoa Chiang Mai Vinh Vientiane Udon Thani Pegu Phitsanulok Bassein Savannakhet Moulmein Hue Khon Kaen Da Nang Nakhon Sawan Ubon Ratchathani Quang Ngai Nakhon Ratchasima Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Play Cu Qui Nhon New Delhi Barisal Dzhambul 120° 110° 110° 100° 100° 90° 90° 80° 80° 70° 40° 40° 30° 30° 20° 20° M6.9 Southern Qinghai, China Earthquake of 13 April 2010 Haiphong Aizawl Yinchuan Lhasa Kathmandu Biratnagar Kohima Shillong Myitkyina Imphal Rajshahi Agartala Macau Yen Bai Viet Tri Hon Gai Hai Duong Hoa Binh Taunggyi Bhubaneshwar Magway Sittwe Thanh Hoa Barisal Khulna Nanning Calcutta Kowloon Chengdu Victoria Mandalay Hanoi Baotou Chittagong Jinan Fangcheng Gang Huhot Tangshan Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Xining Lanzhou Zhengzhou Luoyang Xi'an Hefei Wuhan Chongqing Nanchang Kunming Changsha Lucknow Guiyang Patna Varanasi Dhaka Guangzhou Beijing Tianjin 120° 110° 110° 100° 100° 90° 90° 80° 40° 30° 30° 20° 20° DATA SOURCES EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models 0 400 800 1,200 1,600 200 Kilometers Scale Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic Network Tectonic Setting Seismic Hazard Epicentral Region TECTONIC SUMMARY The southern Qinghai Province, China earthquake of 13 April 2010 occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting in the tectonically complex region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake occurred several hundred kilometers north of the convergent India-Eurasia plate boundary, where the Indian Plate is moving northwards with respect to Eurasia at a rate of approximately 46 mm/yr. This convergence drives the uplift of the Himalaya Mountains, at a rate of approximately 10 mm/yr, and the Tibetan Plateau, which is an extremely broad region of thickened and uplifted crust sitting above 4.5-5 km. In the region of the April 13th earthquake the Tibetan Plateau is extending and translating east-southeastward within a larger zone of generally north- south convergence. Based on the location, depth, and moment tensor of the event, the Qinghai Province earthquake likely reflects the interplay amongst these major tectonic forces, dominated in this location by southeastward translation along the Yushu fault, a strand of the larger Xianshuihe fault system. This fault ccommodates approximately 9-12 mm/yr of motion, approximately one third of the overall eastward motion of Tibet. The April 13 earthquake is one of the largest known historic earthquakes within several hundred kilometers of its location. In 1738, a nearby earthquake of approximately magnitude 6.5 caused over 300 fatalities. Historic ruptures on the Xianshuihe fault system further to the southeast include the 1792 magnitude 6.8 earthquake; the 1816 magnitude 7.5 earthquake; the 1904 magnitude 7.0 earthquake; the 1973 magnitude 7.6 earthquake; and the 1981 magnitude 6.9 earthquake (Allen et al., 1991). The magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan (Sichuan) earthquake of 12 May 2008 occurred on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in contrast with the 13 April 2010 earthquake, which occurred in the plateau's interior. The 2008 earthquake killed over 70,000 people and displaced over 15 million. Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock, in meters/sec², expected to be exceeded in a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent. EXPLANATION Mag ≥ 7.0 0 - 69 km 70 - 299 300 - 600 Volcanoes Plate Boundaries Subduction Transform Divergent Others RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS The India Plate is moving northward relative to the Eurasia Plate at about 50 mm/yr. 0 400 800 1,200 1,600 200 Kilometers Scale REFERENCES Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p. Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. 1:4,000,000 Scale Significant Earthquakes Mag ≥ 7.0 Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag 1915 12 03 0239 29.500 91.500 0 7.0 1917 07 30 2354 29.000 104.000 0 7.3 1923 03 24 1240 30.553 101.258 25 7.2 1933 08 25 0750 31.810 103.541 25 7.3 1937 01 07 1320 35.404 97.667 15 7.6 1947 03 17 0819 33.000 99.500 0 7.5 1947 07 29 1343 28.500 94.000 0 7.3 1948 05 25 0711 29.500 100.500 0 7.2 1950 08 15 1409 28.500 96.500 0 8.6 1951 11 18 0935 30.500 91.000 0 7.7 1952 08 17 1602 30.797 91.648 10 7.7 1955 04 14 0129 29.981 101.613 10 7.5 1967 08 30 0422 31.631 100.232 8.1 7.0 1973 02 06 1037 31.361 100.504 6.6 7.4 2001 11 14 0926 35.918 90.543 10.8 7.8 2008 05 12 0628 31.002 103.322 19 7.9 Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2 .2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 EPICENTRAL REGION EXPLANATION Main Shock Aftershocks Mainshock 20080512 Earthquake Magnitude 4.00 - 5.99 6.00 - 6.99 7.00 - 7.99 8.00 - 8.99 9.00 - 9.99 Earthquake Depth 0 - 69 70 - 299 300 - 700 Projection Albers Equal Area 1:20,000,000 1:15,000,000 EPICENTRAL REGION 0 200 400 100 Kilometers Southern Qinghai 13 April 2010 23:49:37 UTC 33.271° N., 96.629° E. Depth 10 km Mw = 6.9 (USGS) Felt across the mountainous area in western China, over 400 killed, tens of thousands displaced.
Transcript of U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EARTHQUAKE ......2010/04/13 · Pegu Bassein P ts ulok Savannakhet...
Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center20 April 2010Map not approved for release by Director USGS
EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXXU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISCLAIMERBase map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.
E U R A S I A P L A T E
Y A N G T Z EP L A T E
INDIAPLATE
Sichuan (Red) BasinT i b e t a n P l a t e a u
Ya n g t z e R i v e r
1976
K U N L U N F A U L T
Qinghai
Shaanxi
Gansu
XinjiangNingxia
WangdiPhodrang
Lhuntshi KachinState Yunnan
GuizhouArunachalPradesh
SichuanXizang
19551915
1917
1923
1933
1937
1947
1947
1948
1950
1951
1952
1967
1973
2001
2008
GOLMUD MinheQABQA
LANZHOU
LinxiaZIKETANPingliang
JingningNeiguanyingLintaoKagang Maying Lung-
shan-chenLongxiHezuo Qinan
GanguTIANSHUI
TianshuiDAWU
GUANGHAN SHEHONGNANCHONG
CHENGDUShuangliu SUINING
QIONGLAIXINJIN
PENGSHAN ANYUEMEISHAN
SHIH-YANG
YAAN TONGLIANGDAZU
LHASA
NEIJIANG
WUTONGQIAO RONCHANGGUANGSHUNCHANG
ZIGONG LONGCHANGGongjing FU-SHUN BAISHA
QAMDO
LUZHOU
Nanxi SHUANG-TSAO-FANG
HEJIANGNAXIYIBIN
JIANGANPINGSHAN
DEYANG
Hanwang MIANYANG
PENGXIAN
NAGQU LANGZHONGJIANGYOU
Guangyaun
ALOAGYEGU
Lueyang
Hui-XianTewo
Li XianMin Xian
Lo-han
106°
106°
104°
104°
102°
102°
100°
100°
98°
98°
96°
96°
94°
94°
92°
92°90°
36°
36°
34°
34°
32°
32°
30°30°
28°28°
EURASIA PLATE
EURASIA PLATE
YANGTZEPLATE
INDIA PLATE
E A S TC H I N A
S E A
Y E L L O WS E A
B A Y O FB E N G A L
HI
MA
L
AY
A
T i a n S h a n
Ku
nj u n M o u n t a i n s
L. B a l ka sh
Chang Jaing
Huang
He
B A N G L A -D E S H
M Y A N M A R( B U R M A )
T H A I L A N D
C H I N A
I N D I A
N E P A L
T A J I K I S T A N
K Y R G Y Z S T A N
M O N G O L I A
N O R T HK O R E A
S O U T HK O R E A
V I E T N A M
L A O S
B H U T A N
T A I W A N
1941
TIBETAN PLATEAU
INDIAPLATESUNDA PLATE
Burma Plate
AMUR PLATE
(Yangt
ze)
K u n l u n F a u l t
A l t y n Ta g h F a u l t
20051861
2004
1881
BeijingTianjin
Shanghai
Delhi
FangchengGang
Changchun JilinUrumqi
AlmatyBishkek Fushun
ShenyangTashkent
AnshanHuhot
Tangshan DalianP'yongyang
ShijiazhuangTaiyuanInch`on
XiningLanzhou ZhengzhouLuoyang
Xi'an
Rawalpindi
NanjingHefei
AmritsarLahoreFaisalabad
ChengduWuhan Hangzhou
Chongqing NanchangChangshaLucknow
GuiyangKanpur Fuzhou
PatnaVaranasiKunming
TaipeiT'aichung
GuangzhouT'ainan
Khulna NanningCalcutta KowloonChittagong VictoriaMandalay
Nagpur
Hanoi
VishakhapatnamHyderabad
RangoonMadras
Baotou
Aizawl
Shymkent
Namangan KanggyeAndizhan OshGulistanFergana
SinuijuHamhung
Kashi
Yinchuan
KaesongKulob
Islamabad
SimlaChandigarh
Lhasa
Kathmandu
Biratnagar
KohimaShillongMyitkyinaImphalRajshahi
AgartalaMacau
Yen BaiThai
NguyenViet Tri Hon GaiHai
Duong HaiphongHoa BinhTaunggyiBhubaneshwar
MagwaySittweThanhHoa
ChiangMai Vinh
VientianeUdonThani
PeguPhitsanulokBassein SavannakhetMoulmein HueKhon
Kaen Da NangNakhonSawan Ubon
Ratchathani QuangNgai
NakhonRatchasimaPhra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Play Cu Qui Nhon
NewDelhi
Barisal
Dzhambul
120°
110°
110°
100°
100°
90°
90°
80°
80°70°
40°40°
30°30°
20°20°
M6.9 Southern Qinghai, China Earthquake of 13 April 2010
Haiphong
Aizawl
Yinchuan
Lhasa
Kathmandu
Biratnagar
KohimaShillongMyitkyina
ImphalRajshahi
AgartalaMacau
Yen BaiViet Tri
Hon GaiHaiDuongHoa Binh
TaunggyiBhubaneshwar
MagwaySittweThanhHoa
BarisalKhulna NanningCalcutta Kowloon
Chengdu
VictoriaMandalayHanoi
Baotou
Chittagong
Jinan
FangchengGang
HuhotTangshan
ShijiazhuangTaiyuan
XiningLanzhou ZhengzhouLuoyang
Xi'an
Hefei
Wuhan
Chongqing Nanchang
Kunming
ChangshaLucknow
GuiyangPatnaVaranasi
Dhaka Guangzhou
BeijingTianjin
120°
110°
110°
100°
100°
90°
90°80°40°
30°30°
20° 20°
DATA SOURCESEARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramPLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007)BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models
0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers
Scale
Prepared in cooperation
with the Global Seismographic
Network
Tectonic Setting
Seismic Hazard
Epicentral Region
TECTONIC SUMMARYThe southern Qinghai Province, China earthquake of 13 April 2010occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting in the tectonically complex regionof the eastern Tibetan Plateau. This earthquake occurred several hundredkilometers north of the convergent India-Eurasia plate boundary, where theIndian Plate is moving northwards with respect to Eurasia at a rate ofapproximately 46 mm/yr. This convergence drives the uplift of theHimalaya Mountains, at a rate of approximately 10 mm/yr, and the TibetanPlateau, which is an extremely broad region of thickened and uplifted crustsitting above 4.5-5 km.In the region of the April 13th earthquake the Tibetan Plateau is extendingand translating east-southeastward within a larger zone of generally north-south convergence. Based on the location, depth, and moment tensor of theevent, the Qinghai Province earthquake likely reflects the interplay amongstthese major tectonic forces, dominated in this location by southeastwardtranslation along the Yushu fault, a strand of the larger Xianshuihe faultsystem. This fault ccommodates approximately 9-12 mm/yr of motion,approximately one third of the overall eastward motion of Tibet. The April13 earthquake is one of the largest known historic earthquakes withinseveral hundred kilometers of its location. In 1738, a nearby earthquake ofapproximately magnitude 6.5 caused over 300 fatalities. Historic ruptureson the Xianshuihe fault system further to the southeast include the 1792magnitude 6.8 earthquake; the 1816 magnitude 7.5 earthquake; the 1904magnitude 7.0 earthquake; the 1973 magnitude 7.6 earthquake; and the1981 magnitude 6.9 earthquake (Allen et al., 1991).The magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan (Sichuan) earthquake of 12 May 2008occurred on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in contrast with the 13 April2010 earthquake, which occurred in the plateau's interior. The 2008earthquake killed over 70,000 people and displaced over 15 million.
Seismic hazard is expressed as peakground acceleration (PGA) on firmrock, in meters/sec², expected to beexceeded in a 50-yr period with aprobability of 10 percent.
EXPLANATIONMag ≥ 7.0
0 - 69 km70 - 299300 - 600Volcanoes
Plate BoundariesSubductionTransformDivergentOthers
RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONSThe India Plate is moving northward relativeto the Eurasia Plate at about 50 mm/yr.
0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers
Scale
REFERENCESBird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.
1:4,000,000Scale
Significant Earthquakes Mag ≥ 7.0
Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag1915 12 03 0239 29.500 91.500 0 7.01917 07 30 2354 29.000 104.000 0 7.31923 03 24 1240 30.553 101.258 25 7.21933 08 25 0750 31.810 103.541 25 7.31937 01 07 1320 35.404 97.667 15 7.61947 03 17 0819 33.000 99.500 0 7.51947 07 29 1343 28.500 94.000 0 7.31948 05 25 0711 29.500 100.500 0 7.21950 08 15 1409 28.500 96.500 0 8.61951 11 18 0935 30.500 91.000 0 7.71952 08 17 1602 30.797 91.648 10 7.71955 04 14 0129 29.981 101.613 10 7.51967 08 30 0422 31.631 100.232 8.1 7.01973 02 06 1037 31.361 100.504 6.6 7.42001 11 14 0926 35.918 90.543 10.8 7.82008 05 12 0628 31.002 103.322 19 7.9
Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2
.2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8
EPICENTRAL REGION
EXPLANATIONMain Shock
AftershocksMainshock 20080512
Earthquake Magnitude4.00 - 5.996.00 - 6.997.00 - 7.998.00 - 8.99
9.00 - 9.99
Earthquake Depth0 - 6970 - 299300 - 700
Projection Albers Equal Area
1:20,000,000
1:15,000,000
EPICENTRAL REGION
0 200 400100Kilometers
Southern Qinghai 13 April 2010 23:49:37 UTC 33.271° N., 96.629° E.Depth 10 kmMw = 6.9 (USGS)Felt across the mountainous area in western China, over 400killed, tens of thousands displaced.
