U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview

1 | Fuel Cell Technologies Office eere.energy.gov

U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview

Ohio Fuel Cell SymposiumElyria, OH

Greg Kleen

Education and Outreach Lead

Fuel Cell Technologies Office

U.S. Department of Energy6/11/2014


Hydrogen and Fuel CellsIncluding stationary power

Vehicles

Bioenergy

- EERE Technology Offices

National Energy Goals & Climate Action PlanReduce net oil imports by 50% by 2020, compared to 2008Reduce GHG emissions >80% below 2005 levels by 2050

• Efficiency Improvement• Fuel Diversification• Domestic & Renewable

Sources • Reduced GHG

“All of the Above” for Sustainable Transportation


Worldwide Investment & Interest Are Strong and Growing

Interest in fuel cells and hydrogen is global, with more than $1 billion in public investment in RD&D annually.

Worldwide fuel cell markets continue to grow (~30,000 units shipped in 2012; ~35% increase over 2011)

Sources: Navigant Research, DOE Fuel Cells Market Report

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012P

(Sys

tem

s S

hip

ped

)

Fuel Cell Systems Shipped by Application, World Markets: 2008-2012

Stationary Transportation Portable

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012P

(Sys

tem

s S

hip

ped

)

Fuel Cell Systems Shippedby Key Countries of Manufacture: 2008-2012

United States Germany South Korea Japan All Others


• Clean Energy Patent Growth Index[1] shows growth in all clean energy technology patents• More than 1,000 fuel cell patents issued in 2012

OverviewFuel Cells – An Emerging Global Industry

[1] http://cepgi.typepad.com/heslin_rothenberg_farley_/2013/03/clean-energy-patent-growth-index-2011-year-in-review.html

United States44%

Other3%

Great Britain1%Canada

2%

Taiwan2%France

2%

Germany6%

Korea7%

Japan33%

Fuel Cell Patents Geographic Dis-tribution 2002-2012

Top 10 companies for fuel cell patents: GM, Honda, Toyota, Samsung, UTC Power, Nissan, Ballard, Panasonic, Plug Power, Delphi Technologies

Source: Clean Energy Patent Growth Index


Fuel cells in the spotlight- examples

President Obama inspects a fuel cartridge while at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology.

Business case is emerging for fuel cell forklifts and ground support equipment


Hydrogen fuel cell powers lights at entertainment industry events

Hydrogen fuel cell powers remote camera at NASCAR event

Fuel cells in the spotlight- examples


Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles at U.S. Auto Shows

FCEVs on display at North American auto shows.

Toyota Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Hyundai Tucson Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Honda Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

To be launched in California in Summer 2014—lease includes

free H2 and maintenance.


DOE R&D • Reduces cost and improves

performance

Reduced cost of fuel cells 50% since 2006

2020 target $40/kW, ultimate target $30/kW

Target: $30/kW

Status:$55/kW(high vol)

DOE Program: RD&D to Deployments

DOE Demonstrations& Technology Validation

• Validate advanced technologies under real-world conditions

• Feedback guides R&D

Examples—validated: • 59% efficiency• 254 mile range

(independently validated 430-mile range)

• 75,000-mi durability

Program also includes enabling activities such as codes & standards, analysis, and education.

Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost- projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year) -

Reduced cost of electrolyzer stacks 60% since 2007

Examples of progress:

Deployments

• DOE Recovery Act and Market Transformation Projects

• Government Early Adoption (DoD, FAA, California, etc.)

• Tax Credits: 1603, 48C

Nearly 1,600 fuel cells deployed

Recovery Act & Market Transformation Deployments

Demonstrated >180 FCEVs, 25 stations, 3.6 million miles traveled

Demonstrated world’s first tri-gen* station (250 kW fuel cell on biogas, 100 kg/d of H2)

*Stationary fuel cell providing heat, hydrogen, and power.


Projected high-volume cost of fuel cells has been reduced to $55/kW (2013)*

•More than 30% reduction since 2008

•More than 50% reduction since 2006

*Based on projection to high-volume manufacturing (500,000 units/year) and assuming Pt price is $1,500/troy ounce. The projected cost status is based on an analysis of state-of-the-art components that have been developed and demonstrated through the DOE Program at the laboratory scale. Additional efforts would be needed for integration of components into a complete automotive system that meets durability requirements in real-world conditions.

Fuel Cell Cost Reduction


Hydrogen Production - Strategies

Technology Readiness of DOE Funded Production Pathways

Estimated Plant Capacity (kg/day)

100,00050,000Up to 1,500 ≥500,000

P&D Subprogram R&D efforts successfully concluded

FE, NE: R&D efforts in DOE Offices of Fossil and Nuclear Energy, respectively

Today - 2015 2015-2020 2020-2030

Natural Gas Reforming

Dist

ribut

ed

C

entr

al

Natural Gas Reforming Biomass

Gasification

Bio-derived liquids

Electrolysis (Grid)

Coal GasificationWith CCS

Electrolysis (wind)

High-temp Electrolysis

PEC

STCHPhoto-

biological

FENE

Electrolysis (solar)

solar pathways- longer term

Fermentation

Biomass pathways – mid term

Established Industrial Process


Hydrogen Production Strategies

Goal:

Develop technologies to produce hydrogen from clean, domestic resources at a delivered and dispensed cost of $2-$4/gge H2

Projected High-Volume Cost of Hydrogen Production for Different Pathways

• Cost ranges are shown in 2007 dollars, based on projections from H2A analyses, and reflect variability in major feedstock pricing and a bounded range for capital cost estimates.

• Projections of costs assume Nth-plant construction, distributed station capacities of 1,500 kg/day, and centralized station capacities of ≥50,000 kg/day.


Hydrogen Delivery

Station costs dominate delivery costs—key focus area.

Delivery Focus

Identify cost drivers for H2 delivery in early market applications

Evaluate options to improve station compressor reliability

Investigate the role of higher-pressure tube trailers in reducing station costs

* Details for the high volume cost projection assumptions can be found in Record 13013

**Based on HDSAM (v2.3) analysis assuming 10% market penetration in a city with a population of 1.5M and 2011 technology

Electrical3%

Dispenser5%

Remainder of Sta-tion7%

Refrigeration8%

Storage24%

Compression53%

Refueling Station Cost Breakdown**

The use of 350 bar tube trailers has led to lower station costs, however they still account for >50% of the total projected delivery cost.

*


Hydrogen Storage

* Included in President’s Materials Genome Initiative, http://www.whitehouse.gov/mgi

Launched open source database* on Hydrogen Storage Materials Properties

(http://hydrogenmaterialssearch.govtools.us/)

Start Time to Full Flow (-20°C)

Wells-to-Power PlantEfficiency

Cost reduction

Cost Reduction for Hydrogen Adsorption Systems

Strategic Analysis

3X increase in tensile strength demonstrated in C-fiber from melt-spun PAN precursor (ORNL)


Enabling Early Markets

Deployments help catalyze market penetration and ensure continued technology utilization growth while providing data and lessons learned.

Leveraging DOE Funds: Government as “catalyst” for market success of emerging technologies.

Cost Share De-ployments ~1,600

Additional Purchases without DOE Funding

~9,000

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Lift Trucks

BU Power

Backup Power

Lift Trucks

DOE cost-shared deployments led to >5X additional purchases and orders.

~9,000 ADDITIONAL FUEL CELL LIFT TRUCKS AND BACKUP POWER UNITS PLANNED OR INSTALLED with NO DOE funding

Examples of industry* sectors in DOE ARRA projects• Telecommunications (e.g. AT&T, PG&E. Sprint, etc.)• Distribution Centers/Warehouses (e.g. FedEx, Genco,

Sysco, Wegmans, Whole Foods, etc.)

*Provided as examples and not intended as endorsement


FCEVs and Fuel Cell Buses • > 560 vehicles in operation

since 1999 — ~230 currently operating

• > 6 million miles driven• > 1 million passengers on fuel

cell buses

H2 Station Investment • $51.5M invested (CARB and

CEC)• ~$13M invested by SCAQMD• ~$29.9M available

(CEC PON 13-607)• $20M planned for 14/15 (CEC)• $20M annually thru 2023 for at

least 100 stations (AB8)

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Initiatives at the State Level

Several states—including California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Ohio, New York, and South Carolina—have major hydrogen and fuel cell programs underway.

California

Agreement signed by 12 stakeholders—including GM, utilities, hydrogen providers, DOD, DOE—to establish hydrogen as a major part of the solution to Hawaii’s energy challenges.

•15 GM FCEVs currently in demonstrations with military

Hawaii

Northeast (e.g. MA, NY, CT)

Preliminary Plans: 3 phase plan modelled by CCAT for the development of hydrogen infrastructure and deployment of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in the north eastern coastal metro centers.

• Renewable hydrogen (from geothermal and wind energy) will be used for buses

• Goals include a public access nascent refueling infrastructure on Oahu by 2015 to support initial deployments of government and industry FCEV fleets

Hydrogen Stations in Planning / Development Stage - OAHU

8 states sign MoU to put 3.3M zero-emission vehicles on roads by 2025States include California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island, & Vermont

• Represents a new vehicle market penetration of ~15%

DRAFT


Mission: To promote the commercial introduction and widespread adoption of FCEVs across America through creation of a public-private partnership to overcome the hurdle of establishing hydrogen infrastructure.

Co-Launched Public-Private Partnership

Current partners include (additional in process):

http://www.aga.org/

http://cafcp.org/

http://www.itm-power.com/


Future Directions- Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)Future directions include increased cross-cutting activities and collaboration such as through DOE’s new

national asset for energy systems integration research, development, and testing

www.nrel.gov/esif


Hydrogen Safety

Examples:Piping (36)Valve (36)Flexible Tubing (8)Gasket (6)Bolts (6)

• Safety Information helps guide R&D.• It is critical to collect and disseminate

relevant information.

• Trained > 26,000 first-responders and code officials on hydrogen safety and permitting through on-line and in-classroom courses

Two Looks at H2Incidents.org210 Lessons Learned Events in "H2Incidents.org"

Announced by the U.S. Department

of EnergySeptember 2013


FCTO Newsletter

Visit FCTO’s website at hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov

Sign up for the monthly newsletter at

http://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-technologies-office-newsletter

http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/newsletter.html



FCTO Webinars

Check out the most recent webinars at

http://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/2014-webinar-archives



Energy 101: Fuel Cells

See Google+ Hangout discussion at:http://www.energy.gov/articles/live-discussion-energy-101-fuel-cells


Annual Merit Review - Upcoming Dates

June 16-20, 2014 - Washington, D.C.

June 8-12, 2015 - Arlington, VA



http://annualmeritreview.energy.gov/

Key Reports

Pathways to Commercial Success: Technologies and Products Supported by the Fuel Cell Technologies Program

By PNNL, http://www.pnl.gov/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/pathways_2013.pdf

The Business Case for Fuel Cells 2013: Reliability, Resiliency & SavingsBy FuelCells2000, http://www.fuelcells.org

See report: http://www.fuelcells.org/pdfs/2013BusinessCaseforFuelCells.pdf

State of the States 2013: Fuel Cells in AmericaBy FuelCells2000, http://www.fuelcells.org

See report: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/state_of_the_states_2013.

pdf


Continue to promote and strengthen R&D activities

– Hydrogen, fuel cells, safety, manufacturing, etc.

– Cost, performance, durability need to be addressed

Conduct strategic, selective demonstrations of innovative technologies

– Industry cost share and potential to accelerate market transformation

Continue to conduct key analyses to guide RD&D and path forward

– Life cycle cost; economic & environmental analyses, etc.

Leverage activities to maximize impact

– U.S. and global partnerships

– H2USA: Public-Private partnership to enable widespread commercialization of hydrogen vehicles in the United States

Future Plans - Summary


Examples of DOE-funded Partners and Locations – Fuel Cell Technologies Program

Source: US DOE 12/2010


Thank You

[email protected]

hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov

U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview

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