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March 2 7 , 1 9 3 4 . G _ J _ RANQUE 1 , 9 5 2 , 2 8 1METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROI A FLUID UNDER PRESSURETWO CURRBNTS OF FLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEIPBRATURESFiled D e c . 6 , 1 9 3 2 3 Sheets-Sheet 1

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March 2 7 , 1934. a . J . RANQUEMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING FROM FLUID UNDER PRESSURETWO CURRENTS OF FLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURESFiled D e c . 6 , 1 9 3 2 .

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Mai-ch 27,1934 . G J RAN-QUE 1,952,281um non AND APPARATUS FOR on mme men A FLUID UNDER PRESSUREe uansng s OF FLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

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METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAININGFROM A FLUID UNDER PRESSURE TWOCURRENTS OF FLUIDS \AT DIFFERENTTEMPERATURESG e o r g e s J o s e p h R a n q u e , M o n t l u c o n , F r a n c e , a sslgnor t o La Giration Des . F l u i d e s . Societe aR e s p o n s a b i l i t e L i m i t e e , Montlucon, F r a n c e , acompany o f FranceA p p l i c a t i o n December 6 , 1 9 3 2 , S er i a l No. 6 4 6 , 0 2 0In France D e c e m b e r 1 2 . 193 1 I ,

15 Claims.The object o f my invention i s a method f o rautomatically o b t a i n i n g , from a compressible

?uid (gas or vapour) under pressure, a currento f hot ?uid and a current o f cold ?uid,that transformation o f the i n i t i a l ?uidi n t o two c u r r e n t s o f d i f f e r e n t temperaturest a k i n g p l a c e without t h e h e l p o f any movablemechanical o r g a n , merely through the work o fthe molecules of ?uid upon one another.The method according t o my invention con

s i s t s e s s e n ti a l l y i n d i v i d i n g the ?uid under p r e ss u r e , w h i c h i s admitted tangentially into a vess e l having the shape o f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n ,i n t o two coaxial sheets o f ?uid moving with agyratory motion and r e a c t i n g upon each o t h e rso as t o produce, under the action of centrifugalf o r c e , t h e compression o f t h e o u t e r s h e e t by t h ei n n e r s h e e t which e x p a n d s , t h i s compression abs o r b i n g a c e r t a i n amount o f work, which i s e v idenced by a r i s e i n the temperature o f the compressed s h e e t a t the expense o f t h e other s h e e t ,which i s thus c o o l e d .In a p r a c t i c a l mode o f carry ing out t h i s metho d , the ?uid under pressure i s introduced tang e n t i a l l y i n t o a v e s s e l having the shape o f abody o f r e v o l u t i o n provided with a x i a l o r i ? c e sdisposed on e i t h e r s i d e o f the ?uid i n l e t . Said?uid i s s u i t a b l y guided s o a s t o g i v e i t a h e l i c a lmotion toward one o f s a i d o r i ? c e s , the c r o s ss e c t i o n o f which i s s u i t a b l y r e s t r i c t e d so a s t oproduce a backward motion o f a portion o f the?uid toward t h e o p p o s i t e o r i ? c e . This producestwo s h e e t s o f ?uids having o p p o s i t e a x i a l mot i o n s , t h e i n n e r s h e e t expanding and compressi n g t h e o u t e r s h e e t , thus s u p p l y i n g heat t h e r e t o .A current o f hot ?uid i s thus r e c e i v e d throughthe ori?ce o f r e s t r i c t e d c r o s s s e c t i o n , while acurrent o f c o l d ?uid i s r e c e i v e d through the opposi te ori?ce .Another o b j e c t o f my i n v e n t i o n i s t o p r o v i d ean apparatus f o r carryi ng out the method abover e f e r r e d t o . According t o my i n v e n t i o n , t h i sapparatus comprise s a chamber having the shapeo f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n the middle part o f whichi s provided with one or more tangential i n l e ttubes f o r the ?uid under p r e s s u r e . Axial ori?cesare provided at either end of said chamber, oneo f s a i d o r i ? c e s , toward which the l i q u i d , o r ?uidi s directed through a s u i t a b l e guiding with agyratory motion, having a c r o s s s e c t i o n smallerthan that o f the sheet o f ? u i d , s o that a portiono f t h e l a t t e r i s d r i v e n back toward the o p p o s i t eori?ce i n such manner that i t i s caused t o ?owover the s h e e t o f ?uid t h a t i s a p p l i e d a g a i n s t thew a l l o f t h e chamber i n q u e s t i o n .

( C l . 62-170)Preferred embodiments o f my invention w i l lbe hereinafter described with reference t o theaccompanying d r a w i n g s , g i v e n merely by way o f

examp le, and in which: .F i g s . 1 t o 5 i n c l u s i v e a r e diagrammatical v i e w s

i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e p r i n c i p l e o f my i n v e n t i o n ,F i g . 2 being a s e c t i o n a l view on the l i n e 2-2

o f F i g . 1 ;F i g . 6 i s a diagrammatical view o f an embodiment o f my n v e n t i o n ;F i g . 6 a i s a s e c t i o n a l view on the l i n e Sir-6a

o f F i g . 6 ;F i g . 7 i s a detailed view showing i n a x i a l s e c

t i o n a p r a c t i c a l embodiment o f my n v e n t i o n ;F i g . 7a i s a p e r s p e c t i v e view o f the h e l i c o i d a lg u i d e ;F i g . 8 i s a corresponding plan view on a smaller

scale;F i g . 9 i s a diagrammatical e l e v a t i o n a l view o fanother embodiment. o f my i n v e n t i o n ;F i g . 1 0 i s an end view corresponding t o F i g . 9 ;

F i g . 1 1 i s a diagrammatical view o f anotherembodiment o f my n v e n t i o n ;F i g . 1 2 i s an end view corresponding t o F i g . 1 1 ;F i g s . 1 3 and 1 4 are diagrammatical views o f

two other embodiments of my nv ention.The p r i n c i p l e on which my invention i s basedi s i l l u s t r a t e d by diagrammatic F i g u r e s 1 t o 5 .Supposing, as shown i n F i g s . 1 and 2 , . . t h a t atube A B i s provided i n i t s middle part with at a n g e n t i a l i n l e t p i p e 1 through which a c u r r e n to f a compressible ?uid ( g a s o r vapour) underp r e s s u r e i s s e n t i n t o s a i d t u b e , s a i d ?uid i s giveni n s a i d tube a c e r t a i n l i n e a r v e l o c i t y p a r a l l e lwith the a x i s o f s a i d t u b e , s a i d r e c t i l i n e a r movement being combined with a gyratory movementabout the a x i s o f the t u b e . The ?uid ?ows t ow a r d both ends o f the t u b e .As the ?uid i s moving a wa y from the i n l e tp i p e , i t s r e c t i l i n e a r v e l o c i t y , which i s p a r a l l e lwith the a x i s a s y o f the t u b e , i n c r e a s e s , and i t sangular v e l o c i t y d e c r e a s e s , s o that the ?uidspreads along the w a l l o f the tube s o a s t o forma sheet 2 having s u b s t a n t i a l l y the shape o f abody o f r e v o l u t i o n about a x i s a : 1 / ( F i g . 3 ) . Insaid sheet the molecules are subjected t o a pressure which i s the higher as they are at a greaterdistance from the a x i s o f the t u b e , due t o t h eaction o f the c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e . At the samet i m e , t h e , ?ow f the ?uid produces a s u b s t a n t i a lf a l l o f pressure i n the c e n t r a l zone o f the t u b e ,so that the outer a i r , whi ch i s at the atmosphericp r e s s u r e , i s drawn toward the c e n t r a l zone o ft h e t u b e , thus forming two a x i a l c u r r e n t s 2a( F i g . 4 ) . When the o u t e r a i r reaches s a i d cen

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2t r a l z o n e , i t i s d r i v e n back toward the o u t s i d eby the ?uid moving with a g y r a t o r y movement,t hus forming streams 3 .

I f an annular diaphragm 4 , t h e f r e e c e n t r a lopening 4a o f which has a diameter equal t o theminimum diameter of the zone in w h i c h a f a l lo f p r e s s u r e i s produced, a s shown i n F i g . 5 , i sprovided i n the c e n t r a l p a r t o f the t u b e , on ones i d e o f t h e t a n g e n t i a l i n l e t p i p e , t h e ?uid movingw i t h a g y r a t o r y movement w i l l ?ow o n l y towardo r i ? c e B , c a r r y i n g a l o n g w i t h i t t h e a t m o s p h e r i ca i r coming from both o r i ? c e A and a r i ? c e B .The method and t h e apparatus a c c o r d i n g t omy nvention are based on the experimental f a c t st h a t have j u s t been s t a t e d .In t h e embodiment shown i n F i g s . 6 and 6 a ,t h e apparatus c o n s i s t s o f a chamber 5 havingthe shape o f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n about a x i s a : y ,t h e middle p a r t 6 o f s a i d chamber b e i n g o fr e s t r i c t e d c r o s s s e ct i o n and being provided witha t a n g e n t i a l i n l e t p i p e 7 f o r the ?uid ( g a s orvapour) under p r e s s u r e . Th e inner wall o f chamb e r 5 i s p r o v i d e d , o p p o s i t e t h e opening o f s a i dp i p e , with a h e l i c a l guiding s u r f a c e 8 . The o r i ? c eA f chamber 5 i s f r e e l y o p e n e d , while t h e c r o s ss e c t i o n o f o r i ? c e B i s r e s t r i c t e d by a kind o ff r u s t o - c o n i c a l diaphragm o r de?ector 9 , s o thatt h e ?uid under p r e s s u r e , admitted through p i p e7 , i s o n l y allowed t o ?ow through an annulara p e r t u r e l O , which s n o t s u ? i c i e n t f o r the amounto f ?uid fed t h e r e t o . The ?uid under pressureadmitted through p i p e 7 and guided by h e l i c a ls u r f a c e 8 i s simultaneously given a r e c t i l i n e a rmotion which causes i t t o move within chamber 6toward opening 0 , and a r o t a r y motion about a x i sx y . The sheet o f ?uid that i s immediately adj a c e n t t h e w a l l o f t h e chamber ?ows o u t throughs a i d o p e n i n g 1 0 , w h i l e t h e remainder o f t h e ? u i d ,which s p r e v e n t e d from ?owing o u t by diaphragm9 i s s u b j e c t e d t o the f a l l o f p r e s s u r e e x i s t i n g i nthe c e n t r a l zone o f the chamber and i s given abackward motion toward o r i ? c e A . I thus obt a i n , according t o my n v e n t i o n , a ?rst sheet o f?uid 1 1 , moving with a gyratory motion alongt h e i n n e r w a l l o f t h e chamber, from o r i ? c e 7 t oward o r i ? c e B , and a second sheet o f ?uid 1 2moving with a g y r a t o r y motion a l o n g t h e i n n e rs u r f a c e o f the ? r s t mentioned s h e e t i n an o p p o s i t ea x i a l d i r e c t i o n , s a i d second s h e e t o f ?uid c o n s i s ti n g o f the d i f f e r e n c e between the amount o f ? u i dadmitted through p i p e 7 and the amount o f ?uidt h a t i s a l l o w e d t o ?ow o u t through opening 1 0 .Said s h e e t o f ?uid under pressure 1 2 , which moveswith a g y r a t o r y motion not along the r i g i d w a l lo f chamber , but a l o n g t h e e l a s t i c s u r f a c e o f t h e? r s t mentioned s h e e t o f ? u i d , t e n d s . on the onehand under t h e a c t i o n o f t h e c e n t r i f u g a l . f o r c e,and on the other hand under the e?ect o f thei n c r e a s e o f v e l o c i t y due t o t h e expansion and t ot h e r o t a t i o n t h a t t a k e p l a c e , t o compress t h em o l e c u l e s o f t h e ? r s t mentioned s h e e t o f ? u i d . That compression a b s o r b s a c e r t a i n amount o fw o r k , which i s e v i d e n c e d by a l o s s o f heat fromt h e second mentioned s h e e t t o t h e bene?t o f t h e? r s t mentioned o n e . C o n s e q u e n t l y , the temperat u r e o f s h e e t 1 2 f a l l s , w h i l e t h e temperature o fs h e e t 1 1 r i s e s . F i n a l l y , t h e r e i s o b t a i n e d througho r i ? c e 1 0 a c u r r e n t o f hot ? u i d , and througho r i ? c e A a current o f ' c o l d ? u i d .The i n i t i a l guiding o f the ?uid toward one o ft h e o r i ? c e s i s n e c e s s a r y f o r p r a c t i c a l purposes i norder t o obtain an accurate centering o f the cent r a l zone o f d e p r e s s i o n o r f a l l o f temperature. Int h e example above d e s c r i b e d , t h a t g u i d i n g i se ? e c t e d through h e l i c a l i n c l i n e d s u r f a c e 8 . The

1 , 9 6 2 , 2 8 1f o l l o w i n g d es c r i p t i o n w i l l show t h a t t h e same r es u l t c o u l d be o b t a i n e d through o t h e r g u i d i n gmeans.The adjustment o f t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n o f the o u tl e t o r i ? c e a t B , which can be obtained throughany s u i t a b l e means makes i t p o s s i b l e , by modifyi n g t h e r a t e s o f ?ow a t B and A , t o vary t h e d i ff e r e n c e s between t h e temperature o f t h e i n i t i a l?uid and t h o s e o f t h e hot ?uid and o f t h e c o l d?uid e s c a p i n g through o u t l e t o r i ? c e s B and Ar e s p e c t i v e l y .

I f , f o r i n s t a n c e , t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e o r i ? c e1 0 through which t h e h o t ?uid i s a l l o w e d t o ?owo u t i s c o n s i d e r a b l y r e s t r i c t e d , t h e r a t e o f ?owo f t h e hot ?uid s d i m i n i s h e d , but t h e r a t e o f ?owof the cold ?uid i s simultaneously increased sothat the heat that i s given out from one s h e e t t othe other one causes a considerable r i s e of thetemperature o f t h e hot ?uid but a s m a l l f a l l o f t h etemperature o f t h e c o l d ?u i d , a s compared w i t ht h a t o f t h e i n i t i a l ? u i d .

F i g s . 7 and 7 a show a p r a c t i c a l embodiment o fmy i n v e n t i o n .This embodiment comprises a c y l i n d r i c a l chamb e r 1 2 i n which t h e interchange o f heat t a k e sp l a c e , and an annular d i s t r i b u t i n g organ ma d eo f two p i e c e s 1 3 - 1 3 a which i s provided with ani n l e t p i p e 1 4 f o r t h e ?uid under p r e s s u r e . Saidd i s t r i b u t i n g organ comprises an inner c y l i n d r ic a l chamber 1 5 connected with c y l i n d e r 1 2through a f r u s t o - c o n i c a l s u r f a c e 1 6 , and with ann u l a r conduit 1 7 o f the d i s t r i b u t i n g organ througha t a n g e n t i a l passage 1 7 a . The guiding h e l i c a ls u r f a c e 8 extends from one edge 17b to the o t h e r1 7 0 o f t h e o r i ? c e o f s a i d p a s s a g e . T he t a n g e n t i a lpassage 17a and the guiding i n c l i n e d s u r f a c e 8a r e provided i n a s e p a r a t e part 1 9 , provided withc o n i c a l s u r f a c e s 19a19bfor t h e c en t e r i n g t h e r e o fbetween p a r t s 1 3 and 1 3 a o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i n g o rg a n . On the s i d e o p p o s i t e t o c y l i n d e r 1 2 s a i dd i s t r i b u t i n g organ s connected with a c y l i n d e r 2 1a t the end o f which the current o f c o l d ?uid i sr e c e i v e d , w h i l e t h e c u r r e n t o f hot ?uid p a s s i n gthrough the annular o r i ? c e provided around coni c a l diaphragm 9 i s r e c e i v e d through t u b e 2 2 .

F i g s . 9 t o 1 3 show o t h e r embodiments o f t h emeans f o r guiding the ? u i d . In the embodimento f F i g s . 9 and 1 0 , s a i d g u i d i n g i s o b t a i n e d throughs e v e r a l t a n g e n t i a l p i p e s ' 7 0 . opening i n t o a f r u s t oc o n i c a l chamber 2 3 connected wi th t h e workingchamber 12. _Inthe embodiment o f F i g s . 1 1 and 1 2 , _ t h e g u i di n g a c t i o n i s o b t a i n e d through s e v e r a l p i p e s 7 ao p e n i n g t a n g e n t i a l l y i n t o chamber 1 2 , but whicha r e i n c l i n e d with r e s p e c t t o the a x i s : 1 : y o f s a i dc h a m b e r .

I t should be w e l l understood that i t i s not abs o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y , a c c o r d i n g t o my. i n v e n t i o n ,t h a t the ?uid under p r e s s u r e should be admittedt a n g e n t i a l l y i n t o a chamber having the shape o fa body o f r e v o l u t i o n i n which the ?uid i s d i v i d e di n t o two c o a x i a l s h e e t s one o f which r e c e i v e s fromt h e o t h e r one mechanical work which i s t r a n sformed i n t o h e a t . What s n e c e s s a r y i s t o o b t a i nan annular ?ow o f t h e ?uid moving with a gyra

, tory movement and any means or obtaining thatr e s u l t may be obtained according t o my invent i o n . In p a r t i c u l a r , I may use t o t h i s e f f e c t d ir e c t i n g b l a d e s d i s p o s e d f o r , i n s t a n c e i n an i n l e tc o n d u i t c o a x i a l with t h e chamber n which the nterchange of heat takes p l a c e .

F u r t h e r m o r e , i n s t e a d o f b e i n g p r o v i d e d one i t h e r s i d e o f the i n l e t c o n d u i t , t h e a x i a l o r i ? c e sthrough which the two s h e e t s o f l i q u i d v e s c a p emay be disposed on the same s i d e o f s a i d i n l e t

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1,962,281 _c o n d u i t , t h e a n n u l a r o r i ? c e f o r t h e out?ow o ft h e hot ?uid s u r r o u n d i n g t h e o u t l e t o r i ? c e f o rt h e c o l d ? u i d . In such an arrangement, t h e twos h e e t s have p a r a l l e l a x i a l movements i n t h e samed i r e c t i o n , which may be advantageous i n somec a s e s f o r r e d u c i n g t h e i r mutual f r i c t i o n .Such an arrangement i s shown i n F i g . 1 3 i nwhi ch the ?uid i s admitted at one of the ends Ao f t h e chamber A B having the shape o f a bodyo f r e v o l u t i o n and i s given a gyratory movementby a p l u r a l i t y o f blades 2 3 disposed i n an annul a r tube 2 4 . T h e other end B , o f chamber A Bi s provided with two c o n c e n t r i c o r i ? c e s 1 0 and 2 5d i s p o s e d i n such manner that the o u t e r o r i ? c e i sl i m i t e d by a diaphragm 9 so that the ?uid movi n g with a g y r a t o r y motion from end A a s t b l a d e s2 3 cannot e s c a p e e n t i r e l y through s a i d o r i ? c e 1 0 .A a r t o f s a i d ?uid s compelled t o escape throught h e i n n e r o r i ? c e 2 5 , o f s m a l l e r d i a m e t e r , whichcorresponds t o a zone o f l e s s e r p r e s s u r e .This c a u s e s an expansion o f t h a t p o r t i o n o f t h e?uid and i t has been a s c e r t a i n e d experimentallythat said expansion s t a r t s as soon as the ?uidl e a v e s the d i r e c t i n g b l a d e s and s continued a sf a r a s o r i ? c e 2 5 . According t o the laws o f gyrat o r y ?ow, s a i d expanding s h e e t compresses t h es h e e t t h a t surrounds t and t h a t ?ows out throughannular o r i ? c e 1 0 and tube 2 6 . In order t o avoidp a r a s i t i c e n t r a i n m e n t s , i t i s advantageous t o g i v ea l s o t o ori?ce 2 5 an annular shap e by means o f ad e ? e c t o r 2 7 , a l o n g which t h e i n n e r s h e e t ?owsbefore reaching tube 2 8 . To sum u p , tube 28serves t o the out?ow o f a portion o f the ?uid thati s c o o l e d by expansion with production o f ext e r n a l work and tube 26 s e r v e s t o the out?ow o ft h e remaining p o r t i o n o f t h e ? u i d , which s h e a te d by compression. F i n a l l y , i n s t e a d o f e x t r a c t i n g the i n i t i a l energyt h a t i s necessary f o r the working o f the a p p a r a t u s ,from a compressed a i r r e s e r v o i r , i t may be necessary in some cases to make use of mechanicalenergy f o r imparting a gyratory movement t o the?uid and f o r g i v i n g i t t h e superpressure that i sn e c e s s a r y f o r i t s ?ow through the a p p a r a t u s . Tot h i s e f f e c t , I may d i s p o s e , i n c o n c e n t r i c r e l a t i o nwith t h e s t a t i o n a r y b l a d e s that c o n t r o l t h e i n l e to f ?uid, a p l u r a l i t y o f movable blades wh ich aremechanically actuated and are disposed i n thesame manner as the rotor of an air fan or of acompressor

-Such an arrangement i s diagrammaticallyshown i n F i g . 1 4 i n which the i n i t i a l energy o fthe ?uid i s not due t o a preliminary compressioni n a separate apparatus but i s imparted t h e r e t oi n the apparatus i t s e l f by means o f a rotor withb l a d e s 2 9 which i s mechanically driven by ashaft 3 0 .

In t h i s embodiment a l l t h e other p a r t s a r e d i sposed i n the same manner as in the apparatuso f F i g . 1 , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f d e ? e c t o r 2 7 whichi s replaced by an annular body 3 1 extendingalong t h e whole l e n g t h o f chamber A , whichi s p r e f e r a b l e when the diameter o f the l a t t e r i srelatively large.

While I have described what I d e em t o be pref e r r e d embodiments o f my i n v e n t i o n , i t shouldbe w e l l understood that I do not wish t o be l i m i t e dthereto a s t h e r e might be changes made i n thearrangement, d i s p o s i t i o n and form o f t h e p a r t swithout departing from t h e p r i n c i p l e o f my nv e n t i o n . I t w i l l be understood that i t i s advantageous t o reduce t h e interchanges o f heat between t h e v a r i o u s p a r t s and between s a i d p a r t sand the o u t s i d e by means o f s u i t a b l e heat i ns u l a t i n g a r r a n g e m e n t s . F i n a l l y t h e a d j u s t m e n t

3o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e o f temperature between t h e hots h e e t o f ?uid and the c o l d s h e e t may be obtainedby modifying t h e r a t i o o f t h e ?ows o f t h e hot andc o l d ? u i d s t o t h e i n i t i a l ?ow, which may e produced by modifying the s e c t i o n s or the i n l e t o ro u t l e t pressure o f one o f the t hree currents o f? u i d . In p a r t i c u l a r , i n o r d e r t o i n c r e a s e t h etemperature o f t h e h o t s h e e t, I may r e s t r i c t t h es e c t i o n l e f t by diap hragm 9 f o r t h e o u t l e t o f s a i dsheet or reduce the rate of ?ow by means of av a l v e disposed on the o u t l e t pipe f o r the out?owo f the heat ? u i d , o r i n c r e a s e the i n i t i a l pressureo f the f l u i d admitted i n t o the apparatus o r againact on the section or the pressure a t the o u t l e t o ft h e c o l d s h e e t .What claim i s :1 . A method o f obtaining from a current o f acompressible ?uid under pressure a current o f

hot ?uid and a current o f cold ?uid which comp r i s e s c a u s i n g s a i d c o m p r e s s i b l e ?uid t o ?ow w i t ha gyratory h e l i c a l motion along a surface o f reve l u t i o n , and d i v i d i n g s a i d ?uid i n t o two c o a x i a ls h e e t s moving along each o t h e r s o that the o u t e rs h e e t i s compressed by t h e i n n e r s h e et and by t h ea c t i o n o f c e n t r i f u g a l f o r c e , whereby t h e work t h u sproduced c a u s e s a r i s e i n t h e temperature o f t h eouter sheet and a f a l l i n the temperature o f theinner sheet.2 . An apparatus f o r obtaining from a currentof a compressible ?uid under pressure a currento f hot ?uid and a current o f c o l d ? u i d , whichcomprises i n combination, a chamber having theshape o f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n , means f o r causinga current o f the s a i d compressible ?uid underpressure to form a sheet o f ?uid moving with ag y r a t o r y motion a l o n g t h e i n n e r w a l l o f s a i dchamber, and means f o r causing a current o f?uid under pressureto form another s h e e t o f?uid moving with a gyratory motion along t h einner s u r f a c e o f t h e ? r s t mentioned s h e e t , witha r e l a t i v e movement with r e s p e c t t h e r e t o .3 . An apparatus f o r o b t a i n i n g , from a currentof a compress ible ?uid under p r e s s u r e , a currentof hot ?uid and a current of cold ?uid, whichcomprises i n combination, a chamber having t h eshape o f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n provided with a x i a lo r i ? c e s a t e i t h e r e n d , means f o r introducing t h e ,s a i d compressible ?uid under p r e s s u r e tangent i a l l y i n t o t h e middle p a r t o f s a i d chamber,means f o r h e l i c a l l y g u i d i n g s a i d ?uid towardone o f s a i d o r i ? c e s , and means f o r p a r t l y s t o pping the l a s t mentioned ori?ce so as t o l e a v eonly an annular passage f o r the out?ow o f thc? u i d , the other o r i ? c e being open t o the atmosphere. .4 . An apparatus according t o claim 3 i nwhich the l a s t mentioned means are adjustableso as to make t possible to vary the cross sect i o n o f the annular passage f o r the ? u i d .5 . An apparatus f o r obtaining from a currentof a com pre s s i b l e ?uid under pressure, a current vo f hot ?uid and a current o f c o l d ? u i d , whichcomprises i n combination, a chamber having t h eshape o f a body o f r e v o l u t i o n provided with a x i a lo r i ? c e s a t e i t h e r e n d , a t l e a s t one t a n g e n t i a l i n l e tp i p e f o r the s a i d compressible ?uid under p r e ss u r e opening i n t o the middle part o f s a i d chamb e r , means f o r h e l i c a l l y g u i d i n g s a i d ?uid fromsaid pipe toward one o f s a i d o r i ? c e s , and a de?ector f o r p a r t l y s t o p p i n g t h e l a s t mentionedori?ce so as t o leave only an annular outlet p a ssage f o r the ? u i d , the other ori?ce being open t ot h e atmosphere.6 . An apparatus according t o claim 4 i n whichthe means f o r g u i d i n g t h e c o m p r e s s i b l e ?uid

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4c o n s i s t o f a member having a h e l i c a l l y i n c l i n e ds u r f a c e l o c a t e d o p p o s i t e t h e opening o f s a i d i nl e t p i p e i n t o s a i d chamber.7 . An apparatus according t o claim 4 i n whichthe means f o r g u i d n g the compressible ?uidunder pressure c o n s i s t o f a f r u s t o - c o n i c a l chamb e r c o a x i a l l y connected wit h t h e ? r s t mentionedchamber, t h e a p p a r a t u s c o m p r i s i n g a p l u r a l i t yo f ?uid i n l e t p i p e s t a n g e n t i a l l y connected w i t hs a i d f r u s t o - co n i c a l c h a m b e r .8 . An apparatus f o r obtaining from a currento f a compressible ?uid under pressure a currento f hot ?ud and a current o f c o l d ? u i d , whichc o m p r i s e s i n c o m b i n a t i o n , a chamber having t h eshape o f a s o l i d o f r e v o l u t i o n provided with ana x i a l o r i ? c e a t e i t h e r e n d , a p l u r a l i t y o f tangent i a l i n l e t p i p e s f o r t h e s a i d c o m p r e s s i b l e ? u i dunder p r e s s u r e opening i n t o s a i d chamber, s a i dp i p e s b e i n g i n c l i n e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e a x i s o fs a i d chamber s o a s t t o g u i d e t h e ?uid toward oneo f s a i d o r i ? c e s , and a d e f e c t o r f o r p a r t l y stoppingthe l a s t mentioned ori?ce so as t o leave only anannular o u t l e t p a s s a g e f o r t h e ? u i d , t h e o t h e ro r i ? c e b e i n g open t o t h e a t m o s p h e r e .9 . An apparatus a c c o r d i n g t o claim 4 i n whichsaid chamber has a r e s t r i c t e d c r o s s section between t h e opening o f t h e i n l e t p i p e and t h e l a s tmentioned ori?ce. ~1 0 . An appartus according t o claim 4 i n whicht h e r e i s provided a d i s i r i b u t l n g organ made o ftwo p a r t s l o c a t e d o p p o s i t e s a d i n l e t p i p e , t h eg u i d i n g means c o n s i s t i n g o f a r i n g provided witha t a n g e n t i a l i n l e t conduit and with an i n c l i n e dh e l i c a l s u r f a c e , which r i n g i s i n s e r t e d betweens a i d two parts o f the d s t r i b u t i n g o r g a n .

1 1 . An ap paratus for obtaining from a currento f a compressible ?uid under pressure a currento f hot ?uid and a c u r r e n t o f c o l d ? u i d , whichcomprises i n combination, a chamber having theshape o f a s u r f a c e o f r e v o l u t i o n , an i n l e t pipe f o rintroducing a compressible ?ud into said cham-h e r , a p l u r a l i t y o f d i r e c t i n g blades located opp o s i t e s a i d p i p e f o r i m p a r t i n g t o s a i d ?uid ag y r a t o r y motion a l o n g t h e i n n e r w a l l o f s a i dchamber and means for dividing said ?u d into two concentric shee ts s o that one o f said sheetsg i v e s up a portion o f i t s heat t o the other s h e e t .

1 , 9 5 2 , 2 8 11 2 . An apparatus f o r o b t a i n i n g from a c u r r e n t

o f a compressible f l u i d under pressure a currento f hot ?uid and a current o f c o l d ? u i d , whichcomprises i n combination, a chamber having t h eshap e of a surface o f r e v o l u t i o n , means o r causi n g a current o f the s a i d c o m p r e s s i b l e ?uid underpressure t o form a sheet o f ?uid moving with a gyratory motion along the i n n e r w a l l o f s a i dchamber, and two annular o r i ? c e s d i s p o s e d a t t h esame end o f s a i d chamber f o r d i v i d n g s a i d f l u i di n t o two concentric s h e e t s o f ?uid s o . t h a t one o fthem g i v e s up a portion o f i t s heat t o the otherone.1 3 . An apparatus f o r obtaining from a c u r r e n to f a compressible ?uid under pressure a currento f hot ?uid and a current o f c o l d ? u i d , whichcomprises i n c o m b i n a t i o n , a chamber having t h eshape o f a s u r f a c e o f r e v o l u t i o n an i n l e t p i p ef o r i n t r o d u c i n g t h e s a i d c o m p r e s s i b l e ?uid u n d e rp r e s s u r e i n t o s a i d chamber d i s p o s e d c o a x i a l l ywith s a i d chamber a t one end t h e r e o f , a p l u r a l i t yo f d i r e c t n g b l a d e s i n s a i d chamber d i s p o s e d opp o s i t e s a i d i n l e t p i p e f o r i m p a r t i n g t o s a i d ? u i da g y r a t o r y motion along the inner w a l l o f s a i dchamber, and two annular o r i ? c e s d i s p o s e d a tt h e o p p o s i t e end o f s a i d chamber c o a x i a l l y t h e r ewith f o r d i v i d n g s a i d ?uid i n t o two c o n c e n t r i cs h e e t s one o f which g i v e s up a p o r t i o n o f i t s heatto the other o n e .1 4 . An apparatus f o r obtaining from a currentof a compressible ?uid a current of hot ?uid anda ' current o f c o l d ? u i d , which comprises i n comb i n a t i o n , a chamber having the shape o f a s u rf a c e o f r e v o l u t i o n , mechanical means f o r d r i v i n gs a i d c o m p r e s s i b l e ?uid i n t o s a i d chamber, d i r e c ting means for imparting to said f l u i d a gyratorymotion along the i n n e r wall o f s a i d chamber,and means f o r d i v i d i n g s a i d ?uid i n t o two concentric sheets so that one o f them gives up ap o r t i o n o f i t s heat t o the other s h e e t .1 5 . An apparatus according t o claim 1 4 i nwh i c h the mechanical means c o n s i s t o f a fan d i sposed o p p o s i t e the i n l e t end o f s a i d chamber.

GEORGES JOSEPH RANQUE

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