1 AGE OF JACKSON “KING ANDREW?” “PRESIDENT OF THE COMMON MAN”? OR.
US 1 – MR.LIPMAN CHAPTER SEVEN THE AGE OF JACKSON & THE COMMON MAN.
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Transcript of US 1 – MR.LIPMAN CHAPTER SEVEN THE AGE OF JACKSON & THE COMMON MAN.
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US 1 – MR.LIPMAN
CHAPTER SEVENTHE AGE OF JACKSON & THE COMMON MAN
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The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824
• 3 main candidates in the election:– John Quincy Adams from Massachusetts– Henry Clay of Kentucky – Andrew Jackson of Tennessee All 4 campaigned as Republicans • The Federalist party was dead
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No candidate gets majority of electoral college
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• Adams elected by House thanks to Clay who is Speaker of House
• Clay then announced as secretary of state – Stepping stone to Presidency
• Jackson’s supporters charged Adams had bribed Clay with the office
• (the “corrupt bargain”)
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• The campaign of 1828 – Democratic-Republicans
– Jackson presented as frontier man and commoner • In reality he was a rich planter with slaves
– Attacked Adams as corrupt rich man who had prevented the carrying out of people’s will in 1824 by his corrupt bargain.
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• Results of the election of 1828
– South and West went heavily for Jackson
– Showed that new states in the west were becoming much more politically powerful
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• Jackson introduced spoils system to reward his supporters but it brought problems:
–Men openly bought positions with campaign contributions
–People who couldn’t read or were just incompetent were given jobs
– Some crooks given jobs who stole money
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• Higher tariffs pushed by Jackson supporters in 1828
– Called “Tariff of Abominations” by southerners
– South was most hurt by tariff • North experienced boom in manufacturing • West prospering from rising property values • Old South was hurting– Forced to buy manufactured goods in market
protected by tariffs
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• Nullification– Led by vice president John C. Calhoun who will
become S.C. senator• Wrote “The South Carolina Exposition”
• Argued Tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and thus states could nullify its impact
• openly called for southern states to nullify the tariff
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Compromise reached
• Tariff of 1833 reduced rates to be charged
• Force Bill passed at same time – Authorized president to use army and navy to
collect federal tariff duties
– Passed to assert that federal government was supreme, even if South Carolina compromised
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The Trail of Tears
• 1828 – Georgia legislature declared Cherokee council illegal – wants their lands
• Cherokees appealed to Supreme Court & win their case
– Jackson refused to recognize the decision • “John Marshall has made his decision; now
let him enforce it.” – Jackson
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• Indian Removal Act passed (1830)
– Thousands of Indians would die on forced marches
– Sent to Oklahoma area, where they were to be “permanently” free from whites
– Actual “trail” will take place winter 1837-38 with Van Buren as President
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The Removal of Native Americans, 1820-1843
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• 2nd National Bank of US a big issue in 1832
– Private corp. & government owned 25%
– President Nicholas Biddle had huge power
– Clay and Webster work political “deal” in 1832 to re-new charter of Bank even though it doesn’t expire until 1836:• Want to force Jackson to take a stand on
bank politically
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• Jackson vetoes the bank bill – Increased power of president• Says bank wanted to kill him but he will kill
it.
• Eastern elites agreed with Clay that Jackson was acting like a dictator
• Many commoners agreed with Jackson’s opinions on the bank
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• Jackson kills the bank after winning re-election in 1832– Removed federal deposits from Bank of US • Bank slowly bled dry of money
• Biddle retaliates – calls in bank’s loans to cause a financial panicJackson retaliates:– “pet banks” receive federal gov’t money • Chosen because they supported Jackson
– Pet banks and “wildcat” banks flooded market with worthless paper money
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• 1836 –Jackson attempts to end speculation in Western land:
– Specie – “hard” money; gold or silver
– Required public lands be purchased with “hard” (gold or silver) money
– Stopped boom based on land speculation in West and led to financial crash in 1837
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How some saw
Jackson“King
Andrew the First”
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Other Key Issues for Chapter 7 exam
• Missouri Compromise (3 parts)• Erie Canal (When and Where)• American System (“TNT” – CLAY)• 1ST Seven Presidents (in order)• Monroe Doctrine & Adams-Onis Treaty• John Marshall (McCulloch & Gibbons)– Federal Gov’t Supreme & Interstate Commerce