URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS RISK FACTORS URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS RISK FACTORS
Urinary tract pathology lab
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Transcript of Urinary tract pathology lab
3
Normal glomerulus by LM.
The glomerular capillary loops are thin and delicate.
Endothelial and mesangial cells are normal in number. The
surrounding tubules are normal.
5
IF-Granula deposition of immune complexes .
characteristic of circulating and in situ immune complex
deposition
8
Minimal change
disease.
A
Under the light
microscope the
PAS-stained
glomerulus
appears normal,
with a delicate
basement
membrane
B
Schematic diagram
illustrating diffuse
effacement of foot
processes of
podocytes with no
immune deposits.
9
MCD-EM
the capillary loop in the lower half contains two electron dense RBC's.
Fenestrated endothelium is present and the BM is normal.
The overlying epithelial cell foot processes are fused (arrows).
10
focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (PAS stain).
a mass of scarred, obliterated capillary lumens with accumulations of
matrix material
13
LM- membranous glomerulonephritis in which the
capillary loops are thickened and prominent, but the
cellularity is not increased
14
Membranous nephropathy.
A ,Diffuse thickening of the glomerular
basement membrane .
B ,Schematic diagram illustrating
subepithelial deposits, effacement of
foot processes, and the presence of
"spikes" of basement membrane
material between the immune deposits .
15
A silver stain of the glomerulus highlights the proteinaceous basement
membranes in black. There are characteristic "spikes" seen with
membranous glomerulonephritis seen here in which the black basement
membrane material appears as projections around the capillary loops.
16
MGN
IF-deposits of mainly IgG and complement collect in the basement
membrane and appear in a diffuse granular pattern
17
EM-the darker electron dense immune deposits
are seen scattered within the thickened
basement membrane .
18
Membranoproliferative GN, showing mesangial cell proliferation,
basement membrane thickening, leukocyte infiltration, and accentuation
of lobular architecture.
19
Schematic representation of patterns in the two types of membranoproliferative GN.
In type I there are subendothelial deposits;
type II is characterized by intramembranous dense deposits (dense-deposit disease).
In both, mesangial interposition gives the appearance of split basement membranes when
viewed by light microscopy.
21
This silver stain demonstrates a double contour of the basement
membranes("tram-tracking" )that is characteristic of
(MPGN)(arrows).
22
IF Granular deposition of immune complexes
characteristic of circulating and in situ immune
complex deposition
23
EM-MPGN type I a mesangial cell at the lower left that is
interposing its cytoplasm at the arrow into the basement
membrane leading to splitting" of the GBM (tram track).
24
EM-dense deposits in the basement membrane of MPGN type II.
There are dark electron dense deposits within the basement
membrane that often coalesce to form a ribbon-like mass of
deposits ) arrows)
25
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
This glomerulus is hypercellular and capillary loops
are poorly defined.
26
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is due to increased
numbers of epithelial, endothelial, and mesangial cells as well as
neutrophils in and around the capillary loops (arrows)
27
APGN
immune deposits are distributed in the capillary loops in a
granular, bumpy pattern because of the focal nature of the
deposition process .
28
EM -immune deposits of PSGN are predominantly subepithelial,
a large subepithelial "hump" at the right of the BM (arrows).
The capillary lumen is filled with a PMN whose nuclear lobes (arrows)and
cytoplasmic granules are visibl(arrows).
29
EM-Typical electron-dense subepithelial "hump(arrow) and
intramembranous deposits. BM, basement membrane; CL, capillary lumen; E, endothelial cell; Ep, visceral epithelial cells (podocytes )
31
mesangial matrix enlargement is conspicuous and predominates over a
relatively mild mesangial cell proliferation.
34
small electrondense mesangial deposits are found even in
glomeruli with a normal appearance by LM.
35
Mesangial involvement is variable, but often characterized by a sub-
membranous concentration of the electrondense deposits.(x 4600)
36
LM-The renal tubular cells appear foamy (arrows)because of the
accumulation of neutral fats and mucopolysaccharides. The
glomeruli show irregular thickening and splitting of basement
membranes.
38
The diagrams below illustrate normal BM(LT) vs the
thickened and 'falling apart' of Alport GBM(RT)
BM
40
Crescentic GN (PAS stain).
the collapsed glomerular tufts and the crescent-shaped mass of
proliferating cells and leukocytes internal to Bowman's capsule.
42
Chronic GN.
A MT stain shows complete replacement of virtually all
glomeruli by blue-staining collagen.
44
Benign nephrosclerosis.
arterioles with hyaline deposition, marked thickening of the walls
and a narrowed lumen.
Cystic change associated with chronic renal dialysis.
These kidneys are about normal in size but have a few scattered cysts,
none of which is over 2 cm in size. This is
52
Cysts are fairly small but uniformly distributed throughout the
parenchyma so that the disease is usually symmetrical in appearance
with both kidneys markedly enlarged.
53
Hydronephrosis of the kidney,
with marked dilation of the pelvis
and calyces and thinning of renal
parenchyma.
Renal cell carcinoma:
typical cross-section of
yellowish, spherical
neoplasm in one pole of
the kidney.
Note the tumor in the
dilated, thrombosed renal
vein.
Wilm's tumor nests and sheets of dark blue cells at the
left with compressed normal renal parenchyma at the right.
The cut surfaces of the kidney demonstrate normal cortex and medulla,
but the calyces show focal papillary tumor masses of transitional cell
carcinoma.
63
Crescentic GN (PAS stain).
the collapsed glomerular tufts and the crescent-shaped mass of
proliferating cells and leukocytes internal to Bowman's capsule.
65
Chronic GN.
A MT stain shows complete replacement of virtually all
glomeruli by blue-staining collagen.
67
Benign nephrosclerosis.
arterioles with hyaline deposition, marked thickening of the walls
and a narrowed lumen.
Cystic change associated with chronic renal dialysis.
These kidneys are about normal in size but have a few scattered cysts,
none of which is over 2 cm in size. This is
75
Cysts are fairly small but uniformly distributed throughout the
parenchyma so that the disease is usually symmetrical in appearance
with both kidneys markedly enlarged.
76
Hydronephrosis of the kidney,
with marked dilation of the pelvis
and calyces and thinning of renal
parenchyma.
Renal cell carcinoma:
typical cross-section of
yellowish, spherical
neoplasm in one pole of
the kidney.
Note the tumor in the
dilated, thrombosed renal
vein.
Wilm's tumor nests and sheets of dark blue cells at the
left with compressed normal renal parenchyma at the right.