Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary...

143
Urinary System Urinary System

Transcript of Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary...

Page 1: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary SystemUrinary System

Page 2: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

IntroductionIntroduction

Consists of Consists of

1.1. Two kidneysTwo kidneys

2.2. Two uretersTwo ureters

3.3. One urinary bladderOne urinary bladder

4.4. One urethraOne urethra

Page 3: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 4: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

IntroductionIntroduction

Urine is excreted from each kidney Urine is excreted from each kidney through its ureter and is stored in the through its ureter and is stored in the urinary bladderurinary bladder

Page 5: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 6: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

IntroductionIntroduction

Urine is expelled from the body Urine is expelled from the body through the urethrathrough the urethra

Page 7: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 8: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Anatomy of KidneysAnatomy of Kidneys

Retroperitoneal organsRetroperitoneal organs

Page 9: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

External Anatomy of KidneysExternal Anatomy of Kidneys

Hilus – A vertical fissure near the Hilus – A vertical fissure near the center of the concave medial bordercenter of the concave medial border

Page 10: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

External Anatomy of KidneysExternal Anatomy of Kidneys

Ureters leave and blood vessels, Ureters leave and blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit at the hilusand exit at the hilus

Page 11: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 12: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Internal Anatomy of KidneysInternal Anatomy of Kidneys

Consists of Consists of 1.1. CortexCortex2.2. MedullaMedulla3.3. PyramidsPyramids4.4. PapillaePapillae5.5. ColumnsColumns6.6. Minor and Major calycesMinor and Major calyces7.7. Renal pelvisRenal pelvis

Page 13: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 14: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Internal Anatomy of KidneysInternal Anatomy of Kidneys

Nephron – functional unit of the Nephron – functional unit of the kidneykidney

Page 15: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 16: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Blood and Nerve Supply of the Blood and Nerve Supply of the KidneysKidneys

Blood enters the kidney through the Blood enters the kidney through the renal arteryrenal artery

Page 17: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 18: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Blood and Nerve Supply of the Blood and Nerve Supply of the KidneysKidneys

Blood exits via the renal veinBlood exits via the renal vein

Page 19: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 20: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronsNephrons

Consists of Consists of

1.1. Renal corpuscleRenal corpuscle

2.2. Renal tubuleRenal tubule

Page 21: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 22: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

Where fluid is filteredWhere fluid is filtered

Page 23: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 24: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

Consists of Consists of

1.1. GlomerulusGlomerulus

2.2. Glomerular CapsuleGlomerular Capsule

Page 25: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 26: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

Glomerulus – capillary knotGlomerulus – capillary knot

Page 27: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 28: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

The glomerular capsule consists of The glomerular capsule consists of

1.1. Visceral layerVisceral layer

2.2. Parietal layerParietal layer

3.3. Capsular SpaceCapsular Space

Page 29: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 30: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

The visceral layer consists of The visceral layer consists of modified simple squamous epithelial modified simple squamous epithelial cells called cells called podocytespodocytes

Page 31: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 32: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

The parietal layer consists of simple The parietal layer consists of simple squamous epithelium and forms the squamous epithelium and forms the outer wall of the capsuleouter wall of the capsule

Page 33: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 34: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

Fluid filtered from the glomerular Fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries enters the capillaries enters the capsular spacecapsular space

Page 35: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 36: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal CorpuscleRenal Corpuscle

Capsular space – the space between Capsular space – the space between the two layers of the glomerular the two layers of the glomerular capsulecapsule

Page 37: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 38: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal TubuleRenal Tubule

Filtered fluid passes through hereFiltered fluid passes through here

Page 39: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 40: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

Renal tubuleRenal tubule

1.1. Proximal convoluted tubuleProximal convoluted tubule

2.2. Loop of HenleLoop of Henle

3.3. Distal convoluted tubuleDistal convoluted tubule

Page 41: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 42: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

Distal convoluted tubules of several Distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons drain into to a single nephrons drain into to a single collecting ductcollecting duct

Page 43: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 44: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

Many collecting ducts drain into a Many collecting ducts drain into a small number of papillary ductssmall number of papillary ducts

Page 45: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 46: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

These empty urine into the minor These empty urine into the minor calycescalyces

Page 47: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 48: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

Loop of henle consists of Loop of henle consists of

1.1. Descending limbDescending limb

2.2. Thin ascending limbThin ascending limb

3.3. Thick ascending limbThick ascending limb

Page 49: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 50: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

NephronNephron

Two types of nephronsTwo types of nephrons

1.1. Cortical nephronCortical nephron

2.2. Juxtamedullary nephronJuxtamedullary nephron

Page 51: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Cortical NephronCortical Nephron

Has its glomerulus in the outer Has its glomerulus in the outer portion of the cortex portion of the cortex

Page 52: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Cortical NephronCortical Nephron

And a short loop of Henle that And a short loop of Henle that penetrates only into the outer region penetrates only into the outer region of the medullaof the medulla

Page 53: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Juxtamedullary NephronJuxtamedullary Nephron

Has its glomerulus deep in the cortex Has its glomerulus deep in the cortex close to the medullaclose to the medulla

Page 54: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Juxtamedullary NephronJuxtamedullary Nephron

Its long loop of Henle stretches Its long loop of Henle stretches through the medulla and almost through the medulla and almost reaches the papillareaches the papilla

Page 55: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal Tubule and Collecting DuctRenal Tubule and Collecting Duct

Most of the cells of the distal Most of the cells of the distal convoluted tubule have receptors for convoluted tubule have receptors for ADH and aldosteroneADH and aldosterone

Page 56: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

Helps regulate blood pressure and Helps regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the the rate of blood filtration by the kidneyskidneys

Page 57: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

Consists of Consists of

1.1. Juxtaglomerular cellsJuxtaglomerular cells

2.2. Macula DensaMacula Densa

Page 58: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 59: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Juxtaglomerular CellsJuxtaglomerular Cells

Located on an afferent arterioleLocated on an afferent arteriole

Page 60: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 61: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 62: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 63: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Macula DensaMacula Densa

Located on the distal convoluted Located on the distal convoluted abutting the JG cellsabutting the JG cells

Page 64: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 65: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 66: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal PhysiologyRenal Physiology

Nephrons and collecting ducts Nephrons and collecting ducts perform three basic processes while perform three basic processes while producing urineproducing urine

Page 67: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Renal PhysiologyRenal Physiology

1.1. Glomerular filtrationGlomerular filtration

2.2. Tubular secretionTubular secretion

3.3. Tubular reabsorption Tubular reabsorption

Page 68: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 69: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

Glomerular filtrate - the fluid that Glomerular filtrate - the fluid that enters the capsular space enters the capsular space

Page 70: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 71: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

The principle of filtration – to force The principle of filtration – to force fluids and solutes through a fluids and solutes through a membrane by pressuremembrane by pressure

Page 72: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) – the Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) – the amount of filtrate formed by both amount of filtrate formed by both kidney per minutekidney per minute

Page 73: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

GFR – 125ml/minuteGFR – 125ml/minute

Page 74: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

This amounts of 180 liters of filtrate This amounts of 180 liters of filtrate per dayper day

Page 75: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

Because of further processing we Because of further processing we only excrete 1-2 liters of urine per only excrete 1-2 liters of urine per dayday

Page 76: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Glomerular FiltrationGlomerular Filtration

Only call it urine after it drips out of Only call it urine after it drips out of the collecting ducts into the calyceal the collecting ducts into the calyceal systemsystem

Page 77: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural AutoregulationNeural Autoregulation

Through the ANSThrough the ANS

Page 78: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural AutoregulationNeural Autoregulation

During extreme emergencies such as During extreme emergencies such as shock, sympathetics to afferent shock, sympathetics to afferent arterioles cause them to constrictarterioles cause them to constrict

Page 79: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural RegulationNeural Regulation

Blood flow into glomerular capillaries Blood flow into glomerular capillaries is greatly decreased and GFR dropsis greatly decreased and GFR drops

Page 80: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural RegulationNeural Regulation

Lowering of renal blood flow has two Lowering of renal blood flow has two consequencesconsequences

Page 81: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural RegulationNeural Regulation

1. Reduces urine output, which 1. Reduces urine output, which conserves blood volumeconserves blood volume

Page 82: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural RegulationNeural Regulation

2. It permits greater blood flow to 2. It permits greater blood flow to other body tissuesother body tissues

Page 83: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Neural RegulationNeural Regulation

Severe hypotension can cause death Severe hypotension can cause death of part of the tubules, decreases of part of the tubules, decreases urine output, and kidney failureurine output, and kidney failure

Page 84: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

With mild drops of BP sympathetics With mild drops of BP sympathetics stimulate renin secretion on JG cell stimulate renin secretion on JG cell by targeting B1 receptorsby targeting B1 receptors

Page 85: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

Renin converts angiotensinogen to Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin Iangiotensin I

Page 86: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

Angiotensin I is converted by Angiotensin I is converted by angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin converting enzyme to angiotensin IIangiotensin II

Page 87: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

Angiotensin II causes efferent Angiotensin II causes efferent arteriole to constrict more than arteriole to constrict more than afferent arterioles, maintaining afferent arterioles, maintaining filtrationfiltration

Page 88: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

Angiotensin II also leads to the Angiotensin II also leads to the formation of aldosteroneformation of aldosterone

Page 89: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Hormonal RegulationHormonal Regulation

Aldosterone causes sodium and Aldosterone causes sodium and water retention and potassium water retention and potassium excretionexcretion

Page 90: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Principles of Renal TransportPrinciples of Renal Transport

Reabsorption – returns most of the Reabsorption – returns most of the filtered water and many of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes (such as glucose, filtered solutes (such as glucose, sodium, etc.) to the bloodstreamsodium, etc.) to the bloodstream

Page 91: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 92: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Principles of Renal TransportPrinciples of Renal Transport

Tubular secretion – the transfer of Tubular secretion – the transfer of materials from the blood and tubule materials from the blood and tubule cells into tubular fluidcells into tubular fluid

Page 93: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 94: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Principles of Renal TransportPrinciples of Renal Transport

Tubular secretion helps control blood Tubular secretion helps control blood pH and helps eliminate other pH and helps eliminate other substances from the bodysubstances from the body

Page 95: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Principles of Renal TransportPrinciples of Renal Transport

Solute reabsorption drives water Solute reabsorption drives water reabsorptionreabsorption

Page 96: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Proximal Reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleConvoluted Tubule

The majority of the solute and water The majority of the solute and water reabsorption from filtered fluid reabsorption from filtered fluid occurs in the proximal convoluted occurs in the proximal convoluted tubulestubules

Page 97: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 98: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Proximal Reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleConvoluted Tubule

Reabsorption of Na and other solutes Reabsorption of Na and other solutes creates an osmotic gradient that creates an osmotic gradient that promotes reabsorption of water by promotes reabsorption of water by osmosisosmosis

Page 99: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 100: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Proximal Reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleConvoluted Tubule

Proximal convoluted Na transporters Proximal convoluted Na transporters promote reabsorption of organic solutes promote reabsorption of organic solutes such as such as

1.1. GlucoseGlucose2.2. Amino acidsAmino acids3.3. Bicarbonate ionsBicarbonate ions4.4. WaterWater5.5. NaNa6.6. KK7.7. ClCl8.8. Other ions and vitaminsOther ions and vitamins

Page 101: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 102: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleProximal Convoluted Tubule

The deamination of the amino acid The deamination of the amino acid glutamine by PCT cells generates glutamine by PCT cells generates NH3 and new HCO3-NH3 and new HCO3-

Page 103: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleProximal Convoluted Tubule

Most NH3 quickly binds to H+ and Most NH3 quickly binds to H+ and becomes NH4+becomes NH4+

Page 104: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Secretion of NH3 and NH4 in the Proximal Convoluted TubuleProximal Convoluted Tubule

NH4+ can substitute H+ aboard the NH4+ can substitute H+ aboard the Na+/H+ antiporters and be secreted Na+/H+ antiporters and be secreted into tubular fluidinto tubular fluid

Page 105: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 106: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Loop of HenleReabsorption in the Loop of Henle

Water reabsorption is not directly Water reabsorption is not directly coupled with sodium reabsorptioncoupled with sodium reabsorption

Page 107: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 108: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Loop of HenleReabsorption in the Loop of Henle

In the descending limb, water is In the descending limb, water is reabsorbed via osmosisreabsorbed via osmosis

Page 109: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Loop of HenleReabsorption in the Loop of Henle

As water is reabsorbed from the As water is reabsorbed from the descending limb, the osmolality of descending limb, the osmolality of the filtrate increasesthe filtrate increases

Page 110: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 111: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Loop of HenleReabsorption in the Loop of Henle

In the ascending limb, Na+, K+, Cl- In the ascending limb, Na+, K+, Cl- symporters reclaim Na+, Cl-, and K+ symporters reclaim Na+, Cl-, and K+ ions from the tubular lumen fluid.ions from the tubular lumen fluid.

Page 112: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 113: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 114: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the Loop of HenleReabsorption in the Loop of Henle

As sodium and chloride are As sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the ascending limb, reabsorbed from the ascending limb, the osmolality of the filtrate the osmolality of the filtrate decreasesdecreases

Page 115: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 116: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the DCTReabsorption in the DCT

As fluid flows along the DCT, As fluid flows along the DCT, reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- continues due to Na+ - Cl- continues due to Na+ - Cl- symporterssymporters

Page 117: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 118: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption in the DCTReabsorption in the DCT

The DCT serves as the major site The DCT serves as the major site where parathyroid hormone where parathyroid hormone stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ and stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+ and excretion of phosphateexcretion of phosphate

Page 119: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Reabsorption and Secretion in the Collecting DuctCollecting Duct

Aldosterone increases Na+ and Aldosterone increases Na+ and water reabsorption as well as K+ water reabsorption as well as K+ secretion by the collecting ducts and secretion by the collecting ducts and late distal convoluted tubuleslate distal convoluted tubules

Page 120: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 121: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 122: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Reabsorption and Secretion in the Collecting DuctCollecting Duct

Some cells secrete H+ into the Some cells secrete H+ into the filtrate and reabsorb HCO3- into the filtrate and reabsorb HCO3- into the bloodstreambloodstream

Page 123: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Reabsorption and Secretion in the Collecting DuctCollecting Duct

These cells help maintain body fluid These cells help maintain body fluid pH by excreting excess H+ when the pH by excreting excess H+ when the pH is too low or by reabsorbing less pH is too low or by reabsorbing less HCO3- when the pH is too high.HCO3- when the pH is too high.

Page 124: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Reabsorption and Secretion in the Reabsorption and Secretion in the Collecting DuctCollecting Duct

ADH regulates water reabsorption by ADH regulates water reabsorption by increasing permeability in the increasing permeability in the Collecting Duct and DCTCollecting Duct and DCT

Page 125: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Production of Dilute and Production of Dilute and Concentrated UrineConcentrated Urine

The rate at which water is lost from The rate at which water is lost from the body depends mainly on ADH the body depends mainly on ADH

Page 126: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Production of Dilute and Production of Dilute and Concentrated UrineConcentrated Urine

When ADH level is very low, the When ADH level is very low, the kidneys produce dilute urine and kidneys produce dilute urine and excrete excess water excrete excess water

Page 127: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Production of Dilute and Production of Dilute and Concentrated UrineConcentrated Urine

When ADH level is high, the kidneys When ADH level is high, the kidneys secrete concentrated urine and secrete concentrated urine and conserve waterconserve water

Page 128: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

UretersUreters

Each of the two ureters connects the Each of the two ureters connects the renal pelvis of one kidney to the renal pelvis of one kidney to the urinary bladderurinary bladder

Page 129: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

Located in the pelvic cavity posterior Located in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysisto the pubic symphysis

Page 130: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 131: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

In the floor of the urinary bladder is a In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small, smooth triangular area, the small, smooth triangular area, the trigone.trigone.

Page 132: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

The ureters enter the urinary bladder The ureters enter the urinary bladder near two posterior points in the near two posterior points in the triangletriangle

Page 133: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 134: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

The urethra drains the urinary The urethra drains the urinary bladder from the anterior point of the bladder from the anterior point of the triangletriangle

Page 135: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.
Page 136: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

In the area around the opening to the In the area around the opening to the urethra, the circular fibers of the urethra, the circular fibers of the muscularis form the internal urethral muscularis form the internal urethral sphinctersphincter

Page 137: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

The internal urethral sphincter The internal urethral sphincter contracts in response to contracts in response to sympathetics, and relaxes in sympathetics, and relaxes in response to parasympathetic response to parasympathetic stimulationstimulation

Page 138: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

Urinary BladderUrinary Bladder

Below the internal sphincter is the Below the internal sphincter is the external urethral sphincter, which is external urethral sphincter, which is composed of skeletal musclecomposed of skeletal muscle

Page 139: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

UrethraUrethra

A tube leading from the floor of the A tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exteriorurinary bladder to the exterior

Page 140: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

UrethraUrethra

Functions to discharge urine from the Functions to discharge urine from the bodybody

Page 141: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

UrethraUrethra

The male urethra also serves as the The male urethra also serves as the duct for ejaculation of semenduct for ejaculation of semen

Page 142: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

IncontinenceIncontinence

A lack of voluntary control over A lack of voluntary control over urinationurination

Page 143: Urinary System. Introduction Consists of Consists of 1. Two kidneys 2. Two ureters 3. One urinary bladder 4. One urethra.

RetentionRetention

Failure to void urine completely or Failure to void urine completely or normallynormally


Urinary elimination Dr. Dergham M. Hameed. Urinary System Kidneys and ureters Bladder Urethra.

Urinary elimination Dr. Dergham M. Hameed. Urinary System Kidneys and ureters Bladder Urethra.

Urinary system. Urinary System Consist of: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra.

Urinary system. Urinary System Consist of: Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra.

Diseases of Urinary System. Urinary System Anatomy/Location –Kidneys –Ureters –Bladder –Urethra Function –Remove waste –Maintain homeostasis acid/base.

Diseases of Urinary System. Urinary System Anatomy/Location –Kidneys –Ureters –Bladder –Urethra Function –Remove waste –Maintain homeostasis acid/base.

URINARY SYSTEM. Introduction Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra Kidneys: high of the posterior wall of abdominal cavity.

URINARY SYSTEM. Introduction Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra Kidneys: high of the posterior wall of abdominal cavity.

The Urinary System Chapter 17. Introduction The urinary system consists of –two kidneys that filter the blood, –two ureters, –a urinary bladder, and –a.

The Urinary System Chapter 17. Introduction The urinary system consists of –two kidneys that filter the blood, –two ureters, –a urinary bladder, and –a.

Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra.

Assessment of the Renal/Urinary System. Anatomy and Physiology Review Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra.

Components ◦ Kidneys ◦ Ureters ◦ Urinary bladder ◦ Urethra.

Components ◦ Kidneys ◦ Ureters ◦ Urinary bladder ◦ Urethra.

The Urinary System - drmrocks.com fileOther Urinary System Organs Urinary bladder – provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters – transport urine from the kidneys

The Urinary System - drmrocks.com fileOther Urinary System Organs Urinary bladder – provides a temporary storage reservoir for urine Paired ureters – transport urine from the kidneys

The Urinary System Chapter 37.3. Urinary System Function: Helps maintain the homeostasis of body fluids. Structure: –2 kidneys –2 ureters –1 urinary bladder.

The Urinary System Chapter 37.3. Urinary System Function: Helps maintain the homeostasis of body fluids. Structure: –2 kidneys –2 ureters –1 urinary bladder.

Excretory System Maddie, Jess, Monica, Alyssa. The Urinary System (1, 2) Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra Function:

Excretory System Maddie, Jess, Monica, Alyssa. The Urinary System (1, 2) Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra Function:

Urinary system 2 Kidneys. 2 Kidneys. 2 ureters. 2 ureters. Urinary bladder. Urinary bladder. Urethera. Urethera.

Urinary system 2 Kidneys. 2 Kidneys. 2 ureters. 2 ureters. Urinary bladder. Urinary bladder. Urethera. Urethera.

Urinary System Chapter 25. Urinary System: Anatomy Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra Urethral opening Figure 25.1a.

Urinary System Chapter 25. Urinary System: Anatomy Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra Urethral opening Figure 25.1a.

The Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology 2014 Structure Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder urethra.

The Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology 2014 Structure Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder urethra.

Urinary System Chapter 25. Urinary System Organs blood-in-the-urine/ 2 Kidneys forms urine 2 Ureters transport.

Urinary System Chapter 25. Urinary System Organs blood-in-the-urine/ 2 Kidneys forms urine 2 Ureters transport.

The Urinary System - Davis School District / Overvie ·  · 2016-04-27Components of the Urinary System ´ Kidneys (2) ´ Ureters (2) ´ Bladder ´ Urethra. Urinary Bladder. ... Histology

The Urinary System - Davis School District / Overvie ·  · 2016-04-27Components of the Urinary System ´ Kidneys (2) ´ Ureters (2) ´ Bladder ´ Urethra. Urinary Bladder. ... Histology

Genitourinary System. The Urinary System The Urinary System is comprised of the: Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra In men it is called the.

Genitourinary System. The Urinary System The Urinary System is comprised of the: Kidneys Ureters Urinary Bladder Urethra In men it is called the.

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra …microanatomy.net/kidney/Lecture_34_Kane_Urinary_System_2_slides... · 1 Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Filters

Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra …microanatomy.net/kidney/Lecture_34_Kane_Urinary_System_2_slides... · 1 Urinary System kidneys, ureters, bladder & urethra Filters

Kidney Labeling Exercise. The Urinary System Ureters, Bladder and Urethra.

Kidney Labeling Exercise. The Urinary System Ureters, Bladder and Urethra.

Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN. Made of 2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra.

Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN. Made of 2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra.

The urinary tract system : consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located below the ribs toward.

The urinary tract system : consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located below the ribs toward.