URINARY SYSTEM A&P. URINARY SYSTEM AKA EXCRETORY SYSTEM REMOVES WASTES & EXCESS WATER MAINTAIN...
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Transcript of URINARY SYSTEM A&P. URINARY SYSTEM AKA EXCRETORY SYSTEM REMOVES WASTES & EXCESS WATER MAINTAIN...
URINARY SYSTEM
A&P
URINARY SYSTEM
•AKA EXCRETORY SYSTEM
•REMOVES WASTES & EXCESS WATER
•MAINTAIN ACID-BASE BALANCE
•HELPS MAINTAIN BODY’S HOMEOSTASIS
URINARY SYSTEM
PARTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM:
2 KIDNEYS
2 URETERS
1 BLADDER
1 URETHRA
KIDNEYS
•BEAN-SHAPED ORGANS
•FOUND ON EITHER SIDE OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN
•LOCATED IN RETROPERITONEAL SPACE
•RETROPERITONEAL SPACE=AREA BEHIND UPPER PART OF ABD CAVITY; SEPARATED FROM ABD CAVITY BY PERITONEAL MEMBRANE
KIDNEYS
•PROTECTED BY RIBS & FAT CUSHION
•HELD IN PLACE BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•EACH KIDNEY IS ENCLOSED IN MASS OF FATTY TISSUE=ADIPOSE CAPSULE
•EACH KIDNEY IS COVERED BY A TOUGH, FIBROUS TISSUE=RENAL FASCIA OR FIBROUS CAPSULE
KIDNEYS
DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN SECTIONS: CORTEX & MEDULLA
CORTEX=
oOUTER SECTION
oCONTAINS MOST OF THE NEPHRONS (NEPHRONS AID IN PRODUCTION OF URINE)
KIDNEYS
MEDULLA=
oINNER SECTION
oCONTAINS MOST OF THE COLLECTING TUBULES (COLLECTING TUBULES CARRY URINE FROM NEPHRONS THROUGH THE KIDNEY)
KIDNEYS
•EACH KIDNEY HAS A HILUM
•HILUM=NOTCHED OR INDENTED AREA
•THE URETER, NERVES, BLOOD VESSELS, & LYMPH VESSELS ENTER & LEAVE THE KIDNEY THROUGH THE HILUM
KIDNEYS
•NEPHRONS=MICROSCOPIC FILTERING UNITS OF THE KIDNEY
•THERE ARE MORE THAN 1 MILLION NEPHRONS PER KIDNEY
KIDNEYS
EACH NEPHRON CONSISTS OF A:
GLOMERULUS
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
COLLECTING DUCT (TUBULE)
KIDNEYS
•THE RENAL ARTERY CARRIES BLOOD TO THE KIDNEY
•BRANCHES OF THE RENAL ARTERY PASS THROUGH THE MEDULLA TO THE CORTEX
•THIS IS WHERE BLOOD ENTERS THE 1ST PART OF THE NEPHRON, THE GLOMERULUS
•GLOMERULUS=CLUSTER OF CAPILLARIES
KIDNEYS
•WATER, MINERAL SALTS, GLUCOSE, METABOLIC PRODUCTS, & OTHER SUBSTANCES ARE FILTERED OUT OF THE BLOOD AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE GLOMERULUS
•RBCS & PROTEINS ARE NOT FILTERED OUT
KIDNEYS
•FILTERED BLOOD LEAVES THE GLOMERULUS & MOVES TO THE RENAL VEIN WHICH CARRIES IT AWAY FROM THE KIDNEY
•THE SUBSTANCES FILTERED OUT BY THE GLOMERULUS ENTER THE NEXT SECTION OF THE NEPHRON, BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
KIDNEYS
•BOWMAN’S CAPSULE=C-SHAPED STRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS THE GLOMERULUS
• IT IS THE START OF THE CONVOLUTED TUBULE
•BOWMAN’S CAPSULE PICKS UP THE FILTERED MATERIALS & PASSES THEM INTO THE CONVOLUTED TUBULE
KIDNEYS
•AS THE FILTERED MATERIAL PASSES THROUGH THE TUBULE, SUBSTANCES NEEDED BY THE BODY ARE REABSORBED AND RETURNED TO THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES
•THOSE SUBSTANCES ARE MOST OF THE WATER, GLUCOSE, VITAMINS, AND MINERAL SALTS
KIDNEYS
•EXCESS GLUCOSE AND MINERAL SALTS, SOME WATER, AND WASTES (UREA, URIC ACID, AND CREATININE) REMAIN IN THE TUBULE
•THESE EXCESS SUBSTANCES ARE A CONCENTRATED LIQUID=URINE
KIDNEYS
•URINE ENTERS COLLECTING DUCTS (TUBULES) LOCATED IN THE MEDULLA
•THE COLLECTING DUCTS EMPTY INTO THE RENAL PELVIS (RENAL BASIN),
•RENAL PELVIS=FUNNEL-SHAPED STRUCTURE THAT IS THE 1ST SECTION OF THE URETER
URETERS
•2 MUSCULAR TUBES
•10-12 INCHES LONG
•RENAL PELVIS=FUNNEL-SHAPED 1ST SECTION OF URETER
•ONE URETER EXTENDS FROM THE RENAL PELVIS OF EACH KIDNEY TO THE BLADDER
URETERS
•PERISTALSIS MOVES URINE THROUGH URETER FROM KIDNEY TO BLADDER
BLADDER
•HOLLOW, MUSCULAR SAC
•FOUND BEHIND SYMPHYSIS PUBIS
•LOCATED AT MIDLINE OF PELVIC CAVITY
•RECEIVES URINE FROM URETERS
•STORES URINE UNTIL IT IS VOIDED
•VOID=URINATE=MICTURATE
BLADDER
•LINED WITH MUCOUS MEMBRANE
•MUCOUS MEMBRANE HAS RUGAE (FOLDS)
•RUGAE DISAPPEAR AS BLADDER EXPANDS TO FILL WITH URINE
•BLADDER WALLS ARE MADE OF TRIPLE LAYER OF VISCERAL (SMOOTH) MUSCLE
BLADDER
•CIRCULAR SPHINCTER MUSCLE CONTROLS THE BLADDER OPENING TO PREVENT EMPTYING
•RECEPTORS IN BLADDER SEND OUT A REFLEX ACTION WHICH OPENS THE MUSCLE
•URGE TO VOID OCCURS WHEN BLADDER HAS 250ML BUT IT CAN HOLD MUCH MORE
BLADDER
• INFANTS CANNOT CONTROL THE REFLEX ACTION
•AS CHILDREN GROW, THEY LEARN TO CONTROL THE REFLEX
URETHRA
•TUBE THAT CARRIES URINE FROM BLADDER TO OUTSIDE OF BODY
•URINARY MEATUS=EXTERNAL OPENING OF URETHRA
URETHRA
FEMALE URETHRA:
1.5 INCHES LONG
OPENS IN FRONT OF VAGINA
CARRIES ONLY URINE
URETHRA
MALE URETHRA:
8 INCHES LONG
PASSES THROUGH THE PROSTATE GLAND
EXISTS THE PENIS
CARRIES BOTH URINE & SEMEN (NOT AT THE SAME TIME)
URINE
•LIQUID WASTE PRODUCT OF URINARY SYSTEM
•APROX 95% WATER
•CONTAINS DISSOLVED WASTE PRODUCTS:
UREA, URIC ACID, CREATININE, MINERAL SALTS, PIGMENTS
URINE
•EXCESS USEFUL PRODUCTS (LIKE SUGAR) CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN URINE
•WHEN USEFUL PRODUCTS ARE IN URINE, IT USUALLY INDICATES DISEASE
URINE
•KIDNEYS FILTER ABOUT 150 QUARTS OF LIQUID DAILY
•ABOUT 1,500-2,000 ML (1.5-2 QUARTS) OF URINE ARE PRODUCED DAILY
URINATION TERMS
TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT URINATION:
POLYURIA=EXCESSIVE URINATION
OLIGURIA=BELOW NORMAL AMOUNT OF URINE
ANURIA=ABSENCE OF URINATION
HEMATURA=BLOOD IN URINE
URINATION TERMS
PYURIA=PUS IN URINE
NOCTURIA=URINATION AT NIGHT
DYSURIA=PAINFUL URINATION
RETENTION=INABILITY TO EMPTY BLADDER
INCONTINENCE=INVOLUNTARY URINATION
URINATION TERMS
PROTEINURA=PROTEIN IN URINE
ALBUMINURA=ALBUMIN (A BLOOD PROTEIN) IN URINE