Urinary and Lymphatic Systems. Functions of Lymphatic System Filters lymph fluid Returns leaked...
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Transcript of Urinary and Lymphatic Systems. Functions of Lymphatic System Filters lymph fluid Returns leaked...
Urinary and Lymphatic Systems
Functions of Lymphatic System
Filters lymph fluid
Returns leaked fluid to circulatory system
Produces and modifies cells of immune system to fight infection
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid
Lymph Capillaries
Lymph Vessels
Lymph Nodes (nonsecreting "glands“)
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Fluid: The clear fluid found outside the cells which bathes the tissues. It is collected, filtered, and transported by the lymphatic system from around the tissues to the blood of the circulatory system.
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Capillaries – collect lymph fluid from the tissues of the body
Lymph Capillary Animation: http://www.lymphnotes.com/article.php/id/151/
Lymph Capillaries
Thin walled - pick up and recycle extra tissue fluid
During inflammation, lymph capillaries can absorb:– Cell debris– Pathogens– Cancer cells
Lymph circulation due to ?
Major Organs of the Lymphatic System
Lymph Vessels transport lymph fluid to the circulatory system.
Damaged valves or blockedlymph vessels ???
Lymphatic vessels
comparable in structure to veins
Lymph Transport
• The lymphatic system lacks a pumping organ
• To propel lymph, vessels rely on: – Pulsations of nearby
arteries– Movement of muscles
throughout the body– Contractions of smooth
muscle in the walls of the lymphatic vessels
Lymphoid Organs – aid in the production of lymphocytes (WBC)
• Lymph Nodes
• Spleen
• Thymus
• Tonsils
Lymphocytes • Lymphocytes are the
main cells involved in the immune response
• Two main varieties:– T cells– B cells
Lymphocytes
T cells and B cells protect the body against antigens
1. Antigen – anything the body perceives as foreign– Bacteria and their
toxins; viruses– Mismatched RBCs
or cancer cells
Lymphocytes
2. T cells – Manage the immune
response– Attack and destroy
foreign cells
3. B cells – Produce plasma
cells, which secrete antibodies
– Antibodies immobilize antigens
Bone Marrow: Lymphopoiesis
Lymphocytes are later also produced in thymus, spleen and tonsils
Fig 23.7
Lymph Nodes - • Primary lymphatic organs
of the body• Found within connective
tissue and along lymphatic vessels
• 2 basic functions:– Filtration –remove
microorganisms, dead cells, and debris
– Immune system activation – monitor and attack antigens
Lymph nodes
Lymph Nodes Animation
Spleen
• Largest lymphatic organ
• Functions:– Site of lymphocyte
production – Immune surveillance
and response– Cleanses the blood by
removing dead red blood cells
ThymusOnly lymphoid organ that does NOT
fight antigens, it functions as “T-cell academy” – modifies T-cells
Tonsils & Adenoids
• Simplest lymphatic organs
• Trap bacteria and other antigens which work their way into the follicles where they are destroyed
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
• Edema Accumulation of lymph fluid caused by blockages in the lymphatic vessels
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
• Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome – genetic disorder in which a person is born missing T cells (white blood cells that identify and attack perceived “invaders”) and affect the function of the B cells (white blood cells that produce antibodies against infection)
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
– An autoimmune disorder is a condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. There are more than 80 different types of autoimmune disorders.
• Rhuematoid Arthritis• Type I Diabetes• Psoriasis • Vitiligo
The Urinary System
Functions of Urinary System
● Regulate fluid balance (fluid volume) of the body
● Excrete waste products from the blood
Stabilize blood pH
Regulate ion concentrations in the blood
Kidney LocationKidney Location
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Bladder –stores urine
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Bladder –stores urine
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Ureters– tubes that connect kidneys to bladder
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Ureters– tubes that connect kidneys to bladder
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body
Major Organs of the Urinary System
– Kidneys– main organs of the urinary system; have specialized cells called Nephrons that filter harmful poisons like urea from the blood
– Bladder –stores urine – Ureters– tubes that
connect kidneys to bladder
– Urethra– tube thru which urine exits the body
2 Categories of Waste Removed By the Kidneys
(produced by cellular respiration)
Excretion and other body systems
Cross section
Kidney Stones
Renal failure
• Acute (sudden) kidney failure is the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove waste and concentrate urine.– Can be caused by: Dehydration, Hemorrhage,
Injury, Septic shock, Serious illness, Surgery
