URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDARir.amu.ac.in/8361/1/T 7856.pdf · (Department ofVrdu Aligarh Muslim...
Transcript of URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDARir.amu.ac.in/8361/1/T 7856.pdf · (Department ofVrdu Aligarh Muslim...
URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDAR
ABSTRACT OF THE
THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
JBoctor of $I)ilo!BiopI)p
IN
URDU
By
AISHA SHAFIQ
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
DR. RASHID ANWAR RASHiD
DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA)
2012
j U j S j ^ b U ^ g^Ual^jijI
O vO Ji-^ii^^U
^
^ /
^
c^
^.~Ut2L Mass Migrationiu'iSQ^J if'j)it^
• • 7 •• , • • • • /
(0
(r)
* • •
(r)
• • * •
£j>^^l^\Aii ji\(^\3^L ^p^\fyt li/J^ ^jy/'>3i \yi f?jL 0!^v
(r)
8 y
J)
B)
LT^
u
J/U3(l^£u^.-.Lj'LBy>^l^v^(jUyy.>j.j^lfl>-^J^ji
•
-^^c/(^z:'L^-Lr^yf'L^jyL^(£c>i^Xv^U'/^
^i/c</'yy>e>irLi^jy^-,^ul^y^i^i/^^
uyui(£J^fO-L{ryit^irv:fjJ/t^;:UU/i^^JiUcJ^yr.^^
(<i)
^
(1 )
URDU AFSANO KE MOHAJIR KIRDAR
THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
Boctot of $I|ilo!9iopIip IN
URDU
By
AISHA SHAFIQ
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
DR. RASHID ANWAR RASHID
DEPARTMENT OF URDU ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
ALIGARH - 202002 (INDIA)
2012
a>y\J^{Sj3il^a>yoci)Ali^
Mr
^ /
(Department ofVrdu Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh-202 002
I 5"' 0 2-Dated:..
Certificate To Wfiom It May Concern
Tfiis is to certify that the thesis entitCed "Vrdu Jifsano l^f Mohajir %jrdar" Being suBmitted by Ms. Aisha Shafiq is an originaf research wor^ancfit has not been submitted to any other Vniversity for any degree.
This thesis is forwarded for the first time for the award of (ph.(D. (Degree in Vrdu.
\t-Xt^..^' Counter Signature (Dr. Rashid Anwar Rashid)
Supervisor
(Prof. Mohd. Zahid) Chairman
xaxccccoccoDcccoccoKcoDXcaxaxccoaxoccc^^
Ci ^ ^
xocccxxoxcccooccooocooooaooooxoocax
y^r
(.-^0
iLra)
( f i -Ar)
(,\^jr*)
(irLriA)
(nq_ni i )
(r'i^.r'^L)
(nA_rz.i)
^ U &
(^2^i/'ZljL/');l^Tr.^j>i(i/j:!:j>jvi v U X
c^yJj^J^>/u^-Lr^y^u^uyi^'(^c£^^
or^-Lrc^/'(j:!(jyii lZ:c;^f^. V t U ' ^ t
••
(
r
r
r
^
1
z.
A
A.
(^1)
V V •• •
( ^ )
iS^AOJcjt <^/i)L ji ti)^L (/(^^ J L T ^ J^k/i'-/ d' UT" d/'^>
(b)
ji\^\j}i^/\'i 'f^'/'y^y^i< <ji'^j^j^/iiy <6^^^ OJ^AH ' ^ ' <^^^<
*
( . )
I.L^Ll # #
j l ^ 6j5lJ j j l JJ-AJ l^ Cij^
« •
"Moving from place to place In search of
subslstance or to escape a strange foe from time
immemorial have spread over greater part of the
world surface. Within recorded history human
migration have transformed the entire aspect of
land and continents and radical, ethinic and
(0
linguistic composition of their habitants." L
Encyclopaedia of Britannica, Vol.15 (History of Migration), Robert P. Gwin
(r)
(r)
1 'l^jt(^M.^^^yJ\46^^,6/
^^J»
rr.rri',L>ij);/^.(j*^ij;jyr' ^
(r)
BJ
Ji
>i<(j:r u^viX -2 l u.//|:.^^((jl 1 . (<?U'u: y
-i^njji^) "i^^^^iJijTii^r'j/^i^^ I
w
« •• • *
( 1 )
Monar ^.^JX^^I^JJ^"^siUL^ZlL/'-^^yikj (J^Neasdeni^^^vO*'c/l>L*
U)
> Z i l v ^ l ^ L*^ (JiJ iJ 'ev L(/Jacob w ^
. v ^ / U f tf/'i^.s^Jf wily ki Lrc^viAi lc:/V(^'( i^^ L^ J 1> ^ ^ j ^ .
(A)
JIV cTzorathustra t cTv U c^yJZoroaster,^ t* U l /> r l ^v j ; c ^ v j (zoroaster)
w ^ i (/Lwi!-He of the golden light u -J^ I^IL/*-W:I- J^Greak
( f i l i ' *L (jy^l i ^ - / L / ' ( l ^ l f )Gathas/cr^u;f lrt^(f^ t / o f i ii^Zoroaster
^ f If L/1 (>f J^U c:;Oy j:!/LrjU' r» l.//c:iLi;b/jy(j:! L/i "(/Jfy l<i
^ .^k/^**^-'^^ '^^cTji/^^J-l^ l/b/Jl;~/|/jl-^^/zoroaster
(0
• • •
(lO
>--^U(Jl;^^A-£->f<L'i<LyS<^"Mortal bondage X^Aj^i^)Jj^c/^c^
(M)
(ir)
(ir)
;/"wr( ( 7(jji (Xi/i> |L L^il^ .>^(V-i: jVz l^ i ; ^i>^^c>
(ir)
-f'>"<7^Lr(LTc.(V'/l^y5f(/f^l^c.LL/(/ i l j r l /^^vi .^ U y ^ ^ y ^ ' i /
(16)
L'y lj?'( L^^>t)^ s-^v^X*^''-^-'-C''-^^'C^
U^ ^ [,> (/l ( ^ £ ) ..( / ( / b
• •
v^Ur(jOjiyu.lfr(rrJ^)^yU-^>b^^>i'jUv ^
(n)
-r^>
(1^)
Push factor-;^2L Push factorsyi:J(
-Lri^4;^.^y>(/c</?(/i^a!^y^ifL:C/X^
• • • '
(J c ^ i i U ( / r ^ l^/ji^/'Jh^ j^iSi^Ji J^'Jl ^TSelective Migration
(lA)
(H)
-lru>fj^(j/ij(ji^i7y
(rO
^^C^If \/y:^c^ c</f'(Ji^.w,J^National MigrationVc^/f'i^i^vjIc^yf'iijJ^'
>?9ilnternal Migration
International >i) - ^ lr> b / * ^ c/<C c<yf'J^ (JZ-^J C: ^ ^ (j"' 7>*l Z l ^
-^ l f ( / ( j : !wU^-/ ' j j ( / l : :^w{ l^ i^^(J>f5jMigrat ion
Permanent
^Jy l l i i j : J t rL i ^J -^U^^ j> ( /L rc . /Temporary ( / ^^>urL
I UVV i ) > , ^ J j^Seasonal(^9j^ J i ^ c < y ^ i r i Z l c3i J ^ « ^ (3>f i
(ri)
Primitive Migration-c</f'(3l^'c/>'r>^ - '
Forced and Impelled Migration-c^/l^y^v^'JvU^ly^ -T
Free, Chain and Mass Migration-
(primitive Migration):^/"^^^iclyf^Ji -1
U i ^ b i L j f c ^ p ( r ^ ) B a n t u w l i L ; Z l j L j l ; i l ^ v - > Z l c ^ > ^ ( l ^ ( ^ > ^ 1 . : ^ ( j ^ ^ ^ ^
>ilCamroon Ji^ - ( j ^ X ' ^ * l f (3 Sub-Sahara Africa i ^ ( j y ^ < ^ ^ ' ( / J l ^ 6
- <£^(J5iji!! Central Africa
(Forced and Impelled Migration):c</fl^yiJ^il|ivU^!/:f - ^
(rr)
Paranti
JUvCPeak period of Bangladeshi l\/ligration and. Reason) c^r wi^'Dutta
'•lAi/iijl^iOyjtThe Qualitative Report Volume 9 Number 2, June 2004
"In the largest single stream of movement is
considered the peak period was during Bangladesh
libration was in 1971, then the 1970's is the peak
period.
Immediately after Mujibur's assassination on 15th
August 1975 migration took place extensively
about 80% of respondants (Datta et al. 2003)
hold the view that the main reason's of this
massive migration were (a) political instability in
Bangladesh due to indipendence was 1971, (b)
lack of safety and securities of the Hindu families
mainly due to war (c) Religious issue and
communal tension affecting mainly Hindus during
Ziaur Rahman (1975-1981 )"1
June 2004 - (The qualitative Report Volume 9 Number 2) Peak period of Bangladesh J_
Migration and Reason)
(rr)
'•^.y
(rr)
(r^)
r.cjLi # #
(n)
Migration between India and Pravin M. Visaria
Volume 6 Number 3 August ) i ^ (jy"'iT ^^ tr/evl>(" Pakistan 1951-61
"Abstract - A critical evaluation of the available data
on migration between India and Pakistan in the
1951-61 decade leads to the conclusion that there
was a substantial net migration of Pakistan - born
persons into India, but only a negligible net
migration of India - born persons into Pakistan.
Annual administrative statistics published by the
Indian Government suggest an immigration from
Pakistan of the order of 1.16 to 1.32 million. More
importantly, birthplace data from the Indian
censuses indicate a net intercensal immigration
of Pakistan - born persons amounting to 1.19 to
1.34 million, depending on the assumed level of
mortality. The Pakistani census, data on the
(r^)
Indian - born show no net influx from India during
1951-61. Intercensal growth rates for the
population of different religious faiths in Pakistan
are consistent with the estimates of net
immigration into India. The migrants and the
survivors of their progeny are estimated to
represent a net gain of about 1.68 million by
India and to account for no more than 2.2
percent of the total population growth in India
during 1951-61." I
-(JC^ 1.32.i 1.16Lc:7 **
Pravin M. Visaria, Magazine Democracry, Vol.6 No.3, August 1969, p.323 I,
(rA)
/, L c^ \J^iM Sofh\j^J\^ J / jr 1951 -61 /^
i:: jt i\j^ So/^L ^ u ^/^j oi\^L (jyii^
(Ji-> iii't3>f (X* iTd'^-''C^'^^-J*^ 1951-61 J ^ irlf L/l.
>«>»i2.2i: uOuii^c'^i .68Li7i;i(i4T(/(;ji:>' >; i_
6>t-yJiL:^LiP^(>^^J/y|^^i>c^(/j/lXj((^Z^l:i5,oo,ooo/iJ^Lc^y'^i>c^
(n)
c^Xr)t/T(()« -.js^j^ji^ (r)
(rO
J^t^d^jshJi^c/^iii/
(n)
; L ( / ( / I -L^ (X^ Jl> u ^ T(/(jijL £ : , ^ j ^ ( /Oi l
( • •
^ i i ^ « f t ; ^ i^>K«(J^j)5j>jii^iyUUv,/^s>iry^iy
irr)
lJi^J'\
ffif
rrrJ^/V^^-^^'^-ec^'V" i
(rr)
u/,^.iJ*..(ci:;A^yi:(yur^/^j^^,^2^
:*7^(/L^(jyi-^l^*Jit^^iil/Li.
(rr)
y >j2-(i iJt L J li L O^yr ^l^*> ( / f ' / - ^ t> J ^ ( / ^ - i ^ ^ ^
r^9i-/Vj^-^''Vo^'?7
(r^)
JtL^J
rAr.rA6j-.,^/J^,i^^:^y^4'i,^^/iy;.j/'(t^y^)"t,,^jT">^,
(ri)
(r^)
(rA)
SuxfAyut (j/t^^f cTc bUi j : !£ lZ l ^ ^ 1 ^ t / J ^ U c / ^ c ^ ( /
(n)
(rO
\rc>rrL^^^'c.,::"jj^^r,} I
(ri)
"f^J^k"
iirJ^/'^(3>-L^">.ec^'V
(rr)
(rr)
J^^^ ' , ^
(rr)
X>f ijAl^ jA^di^^ u^-'> ^^^ ^U^^i SbJ' iMu^^-^^
riLrirJ^/'Jj,/ i^Vc^'57 L
(r<i)
iji^4.^) c/l r
(n)
i^>^^^iO^,*i^ c:^l:>b(/i^/^9;i^ c'Ul^Olc^Ty^U 1^^
(/U>:j (^ L M / L ^ ^ t (jV( J^(j:l: t^Li^ l/c^c^ ^ ^
(r^)
(vj2^^^) d^j
L^
(rA)
<y^^
nj-/i/r".jx-4
(n)
J>4>i uUi;>ii ivir4- c fl f / ^ J^o I /wTi/jviy ; ^ ti/6^\>^ ^^i^
(/((/'^l-wC L / L J>f c< L*c j U>(j:l: (Jj^rV^f^l / jL/ '^ i ' -b^l^ tilery ('v^y: i ^ (/^
(<M)
rri-'/:^y^"J(:s?^:.>-^ £
(^r)
LV-
i l c ^ U C^C? 9 > V £ UA^i/bl c / 's i / t^ c X t
^i^^ri^'criJv'vwiZljjULji;^;)
(dr)
(^r)
-l \J6f^yiS^J 6/y: J^^ J^^ ^ - ^
(^1)
<<JM/^ JS
rrJ^/vU">>i:>c^/ 1
(0^)
• • • ^ •
(dA)
(60
at c.(7 J ^ i l L/'C.JI^-uCO^ j / i ^ ^(/Oii b>^
(V)
^rj^/'jij^"jx>c// I
(II)
iifyU^ijiO f\^P\,\j
Jy^-i^ Jjj^il^il U>^e Y(^-i^ C/^ ^ (J>^^^ ^ ( / ' ^ l*^/J-'l^*(J^>^
( i r )
*• • ' ^ ^ • ^ • • t f
r\L,r\syr\f/^0\jir/\^M\.]j I
(ir)
•r
L X / / J \ ^ ^l^M ^^4 ^d^l^ C^-J^^^i li/S^^ (//L/Sii bX^-(
(ir)
i:>c r ^ *L ii;>-^;^L;i (j^cTu) Jit tr»"
9 / 1 ^ Uy l l^^i l c">*l^ ^ ^ : ^ ^ i /(y^-<i- w^^/ f^
-yrO^ U T>r (^(street boys)y'^ cicy^'c/jL^^/i' \>^'J^LA J^t O ' ' - ^
^ri^'.*^L^j(/u>c/ij7i>w^il(iji;L(^/)(/ljYiKJi4;)
( i t i )
(11)
(1^)
(1A)
(1^)
"£^Ji\"
U*)
( 0
(>•) ^ / i ^
• i ** i • • • • • • •
(^r)
9zJ^^/'^lX"^/li^"r^
(^r)
Ur)
r*(V-'/'^jy"i^UJiZ:>Hj/iJi;/(j i.
(^1)
nri'/^v-i^Li/r^Hj/iJi;//]
( ^ ^ )
l US^ L o/\£s:ji^iJ{5^jy^ Ut/c^*i:^(^Zl j/'i^Jj^^n^^!)}
i^u/io^(y^.*^sj:i*:^L^uyu'V'>^'=^c/'^i^*^>'^i-^-i-''vi^^ I **
(^A)
z. iJi^
' • • •
C^*?)
L/(^ U>y i ^ ^ i - ^ ^ fhi\ ^j> [jj^i Jir^S^ \j)
<^'iJ^r4i^"L\JiS'L60^^:^^'6O>^=^
(A*)
rJ',^Li/'jL^"^/(/irf^>vi
(Al)
(Ar)
• * > •
rrJ-'o[/l;"iyjiv/: /.(/irf^>i; i
(Ar)
i^y^^jyiiryy^i^i/u/iTi^jl.j'iyi^j^iy^^
(Ar)
r.L-iLi # «
* *
^^ ^ r^I (i y(/> < c t; i ; ' (/iTi i^ t u ^X'u^ jy p*'
(A<&)
'ir'i-'/'J)j;(rjr*ik"c;r^,lii:-l I
(A1)
^ji^y. c^ L^f.ji\ J^jL ^fij: c^jy^^l M £ ^^\ 1}'^^6M y Oi/,
ii^^yj>J'i/'^^\iL^h\Jd^y^CJ^^)\^
9 rj-'/'J b; (j r* li* " /T ^ l -1
(A^)
(AA)
— — ^ — • ^ • • ' " ^ ' • ' ^ • * • • — i •
^•J^'l>,'jUy4v:»'£j^«LLil^J/IJi;
(A9)
vl/lZl ( j ;> /^ (/( L^ (i>f ci>Cc3 C . : > ^ "
iihii^ji^ ^c^j: Sui^ji^jijhij: ICJ^Y^JM i/jjAi^/jJ-Jc^^ i/
rr^J^'^J^J/J:/:J^Jl^Jif^^JlJ;ii}JA^[JlXiiy-i/l^ili
(^0
('fO
Ut^-d/^J>^^^<f-c'-»(i'y->(j^^i^J^t|/ij^irT*iLU^yJ^^
(9r)
(^r)
*• V y •• T ** y
fli/U^j^il '^'\<^m/\d/Z^/H^if 'S^^J^
c^AuClJ^>^^L^^<^/'J-> J- V-><ii->< ->lf'(J *NO MAN'S LANDcJlf (^(*L
ivJ^'i^l^is/^CiJ^l^jj/^yiy^i i .
(<J(i)
• . I
y
ti
(j:!: ( / L ^ ^ j:t j y 1*1 c/7r >^ i vi uT^J-zT''
(^1)
^y^^^ J\^dfij\ 8 i - ^ LrcrcrVV-/-> i J>bU i»c<r t^l/^lr^>^ ^>3
(^^)
t I i ^ *• • • ••
(9A)
(r6-(n>'/'^t/i;C^'L_,/S4/^(i>Uw(^l>
(99)
BJ
(i-)
•••J^<(/l^vj(^lj7^l^(^j>):jAy(|^i^l^lJ/'^i^U'(i^>Lt^^;i:v j ^
(IH)
** • * •
9>i> J^c^. j\ji\^ ty^J^c^. [f'ji\ B)\u<C^i}^L J^^cJ^j:j)i (/y'c 'ir 41
rAA>n^^i^(3;:jA^LjiiJvi^ii4'/^J;-jjU^/)i i
(i-r)
v:»(^ L5vt= f ^ t V ^ X c ^ 4 . l ^ i l ( j / / i ^ ^ , ( ^ > V c / / ^ - ^ c ^ ^
0*r)
C6(kj:^) (< ah^9y
'It/
ir'(i-i(f'ij)>^Ui(i:jC^.:>>^-"t^^" i
(Kr)
• T
*
in rr<(cv)jkLi^iji6o>^>^'yX6o>^^^
0*0)
/c^^yO^oy i i y (J uiy^ ly u!py y ^t'/ii^r^ u
tiji
l^ri^^(^i.)>-^Li(Z:ti>..:>^/L/:7" J>.:>^
(1-^)
v * ^
9rJ-/:^ui(l;"^b~i^
(l*A)
w; w- J^ ( / ' I ' i^ O^O^f-ii > t J'-'^ (J i iT^^
(1*9)
(iiO
^ • * *
(m)
I \J^<"J> li' '^/. J^; /v>^ (v
(Mr)
/ J ^ ( O^Ll^ l^>f f l L; u ( (^i^tTLl^ bj^ ' l f ' l^>^
rrJ^/'(3'>D"^/.J>i/v>^iv I
(Mr)
(iir)
(ii<&)
\^^rr^lj\\^''^J^>
(111)
1^ A, lii S ^ . ^ L>(i>2r, liT/;^
(M^)
(HA)
rii^.c/tP'"(yj^v/:^yf.(/irfi^>Vi
(119)
r . rA J', c^"' ' y njj' ' > _ (/irfil>vi I
(irO
ri^i
rA.rq>'.i;/iP'"v(yjiv/'>/-(/ljY>v( i
(in)
(irr)
(irr)
(^-i^(/ifV (Jjtr-iX^L^ ii-^^i-^/^^L^-fi^
r'ii".jL>-)'>^ijU"^/.(/irf£>vi
(irr)
)J
• • * **
* * * * * * it
(ir(&)
A 6/ii^ ^ u i ^ C V I / L T ^ ji Jiif c/> i Jiif
( i n )
(iKi)
(irA)
• • •
Ui 'l y cTd^^i^ c^t/ '^i i /ury/>4! J ^ c^; (j:! >^ X / ^
(in)
• • *
(irO
f . CJLJ
(in)
t ~
V . ^ fe J ( VSiPOif i i y i ^ tif-K c^iiif (/^ ^ 1
^-^iTCU^fA )Diaspora(j:::|Jivb>^v>i^C'^lB7
( i r r )
Ji
(/ iif >ii c^/'^j pi LTS Lf^b/f L/Zl u / / u A I;;L t r 2-ii^Zl (jjKi><r i f v
( i rr)
>4^
(irr)
( / i^ Jr^i c^ir^i/(jyui; i_iy ^ c^ Zl j i * V
(ird)
CiL^c>syrj\i'\^)^.^^'^/,.j'i^.jj^^\'i}
(in)
(/^/^il^l c>lj._r^ ti:^^li^ ( / £ r ^ l>i /^!y L^
•>i'c:
• • • V
^Aj^/';(,rtf^c:^':^>^.t^jUf.>^;/'i?/
(irA)
station 9iC^3
- if iJ^^hi' l/9>i
^^y<'%'\S)^^"^A^J'>^'JJed^^'i}
(in)
0)
(irO
(in)
r^rj^r^^^AM'&3\jkui?:4'^'^y/'^J^'
(irr)
• • • •
r^^>'/'i^^cf4J>i"Ji'>ji^-j>'',^/.;^rj::^
(irr)
^i
(irr)
y • V* * •
(ird)
(in)
rrri'/:;^rc{>f^':,/.;(,rc{X^..^c^/?/
(ir^)
(irA)
(I<i0
ji
(|<M)
^A(t>^.;(,rt{X^^//lj'Wj^ip^c^V
(i<ir)
* y
rAi5>n;brc{Xs^^/'D-W^jp.fe>o^K/ 1
( idr)
r-,rHj-',;(irjXH>//l/Ur'uX^p^c^(V
(«ir)
it y **
rrr,rrrJ^.;(,rjX-^^//'J'u>^j^j^p^i;;f)K7
(166)
rr'Lrrri-'.jiir^^^//lfu>-^j^Vc^V
(l<i^)
(l^A)
(1^^)
(nO
(111)
^ij/\>,>3 /<\j^X Jj^^i (/' (XJ ' ' J ;^LO ^ " J ^ ^//^ oi/,L 1}
Metamorphosis
(iir)
-^Ju>f>uJ(/(3L^^i^i:ik^viivj^
(iir)
V * •
(«ir)
rr,rrJ^,jl;L/3?(/"J'^yt//r"t;;r^li^-( ^
(11^)
rTj-^jUL/Ii^Z-j^-^^^Jir"^.!^-/ i
(n^)
-X^yytUfUj-Zj^^XZ/IJi^
(HA)
( / ^ ^ jr\^ ^^i ,jj> o\i - ^ i 3 ^ ^ " - J / ^
rA.nii'jUL/S^Lr'^/'^fii/c^vli^-i
( l lO
^i>''"uui/ci?Lr':^/'^<iJ^c/r^vi^'(
(1^0
(1^1)
J'
^s-v>'''ul;i/ti?/':^/'i^<iu^t<^iii^-'
(i^r)
(i^r)
If •»
(/'w-'ij:! CJIP L yX ' ^ f P^y ( j : ! , t^ i j / j > ^
riZyCxrjyui;
(l^<i)
^uy^9i^ir-i:^'^4^>^ciLi^'>/'><f^virtJV'^'^-^''*^A^''*'f'-f
c.(>K;Cy'>^4i^^d'^jyj9'v(j:i:2^'vyi:^^T((j:!/^vi^-^i^)4rj^
! • . '^y'L\J\L^:ffj\i;\'^^\c^^^iM<(<^/)jAJ>^\})/
(1^1)
(1^^)
(l^A)
'L^^i^rM,tcc^^^^^\fjyA
(1^<I)
f^Jc\f'\j\?\!/-/ (i T. j ^ : : ^ i "u Ji^ l> L^ '>*'
(lAO
l^^>''"Utrt/t^(/"'^>^'^^>^9i'C^>lii^-|
(lAl)
L^
' 1^
(lAr)
It **
(lAr)
friJ^/uui/J^/'^/^J^/ir^vifc:-!
(lAr)
• • «
(lAd)
rtcJ-'/Ulri/I^Lf'^^'lfH:^>^*t 1
(IA1)
-^ITU>t>^>l^ 1 Identity CrisisyLr'<=^U^f-'^^:^
,t^L•^^tU^^(^/y^^>^J;^J?>-5/^l^X^'>'!^c£/Ul^|y^(3T
(lAZ)
cfCi; LL i ^ cT'wd W i LTUTI t ( i : ' r^z :
(lAA)
(IA9)
->?>I0I^Identity Crisisi^ (J>f|^^
wii ( i c ^ / f i - Lf^'^ i rT t^ i 'U-Z l (JL/Iyr JLl?^ (^identity Crisis (J^ J^f
( ( ^ )
l/K/ /
)>f<>c.(j:ri.(X57Ljv^4i4(il7yJ'i<(j:!:fi^r»j:r"
i L / u ^ J>'(j'':>(i>^7-t^Lf'i yl A ' y j (/*iL^ c3^ (/<
(m)
i/d< [/y^J' if U ilf J^^i'l^il i:i<u^-i^ I ^ / U L ^
(1^0
c/^i<:-vb LTc L <L^/ii^L. Jj'/<=-- U^ ^fi
i^(jy^(>^^L^ZUij^/;^y|^^i'L^ylr7t/viy^
(i^r)
rrj^^.m;^ cJs< \)U:^^^^j^jj>/jt:>JSi/^j,\ji^ tLvjU^Jt^J^
(I'jr)
at
-^ir>(jv^i;j</iZluyiJc^( ( • «
i^fl-iA*>'.((ivlf-Jl^-/'^)'^-^'(/ri/l^<>>*i:r
(l^<i)
(HI)
(c/K/v>e/)
J}
• • • •
- i . ^ > L ( rjl>/r i ^^ / i l vL^ i J.4fL-L^i
y L ^ <i_y ijc:^ ijS) {:f\i^t/:iPt jLjii£^ Ji^^i)
(I1A)
f
a w^i-i. uy (jii ^^jA (/C J b-LTvlJi '
_^^yiJ^^j<>tc^i^ij(i'Ji^cl'>'j'^ Z^c^i>ijyij
"?if(J'^t^/''^t'i^J/l>!^^'Vy
(l^fO
(r-)
SAJ^.JAOI^'/I^^-'^'UH^'I/^^^^^/' L
(M)
CvZl Oi/i)c:^ /L L.^^yt \jec^ [f'Jji^^/'jh/^[5'i[ LA ii/j^
^ i' jvif'Ji '/u^^ 'uuy 'Lrfeyvve/- L
(r*r)
y''
rrr>'.(J^U,JU./U"U>'Lri^y^>^/
(r*r)
(r-r)
4yuy(j:!;uio^yiyi^^y;Xui^£JU5(^i_jyij^^^^^
e? "*Ly , i . Z ^ L/W y u^^/X/i 1. cjU u^ t/(
** • • y
rr'iJ^.(jA.JU,/U^/"Ui>"(/l^y^^^
(M)
\mjr\hy<^^jk^,3j\^,\t:^A<i/\^\i
(r*^)
• *
r»rj^.^>ic3'irjLv>/^-^j/j;i^)r(i>c'c/r^(j^i^>''L/^v^ L
(r-A)
• **
/• ; r x»» / m J i":a<v/ r*, '' ' "
(r*0
(riO
(Ml)
(nr)
isi^.^l?-(r(j;ui)ZljLv>^>/"(/j^t://"Ji^>^
(rir)
9 J w-- - t^>t^ Ly^wf^yPy'i^ l ^ i _ j f < ^ Com prom ise
^fi»J'.wi?*(ruyi (ZljLv>^>/'Lrifc//'(jLv>^
(rir)
c ^
<^Ly<^^^^o'^\j\L^ijjf^rJ^^^''^ijjjr^
(rid)
(rii)
i<5ii^&^*(ruyuii«£lJb> 'Ufi:^ij"jL>i^ i
(n^)
^^J^'(^LiJ\jM^^'\'^j^l)iLiJljJ):^JijJk
(riA)
6. C J U # •
* «
(\jJ:^'^Jl£ jfj.y^y ^yf'i^Uil fe'. '^(^/tk, J^^^^ ^j;i}i ^ l / c . / '
(nO
ifJ^^ (j>'(v^' iiy^)^ (^{^Ji^^y^ij^ /L ^/'s:^jh/
(rrO
rj^oi^^o J / r i^lf/ (t jL . -lAfTjt^^ A-.
(m)
4 w^ •• • ,
{yrr^
rr>'"^i^)y(3/,(3^"i^Uii^rjfo-J^^(>
(rrr)
(/[^i(, l^ trif J . J^y/^l^iy/VjU-L^^iu^
.j,>i^.^ u^ i / ^ IfV Jy^-1^ 1 v (jrrC^ (ivy^i j y ^
rfl>n"^i^iy(i/>(3^"i^Ui^rj^^i.-jfiv i.
(rrr)
(rw)
(rn)
• • • • • • J
(rrA)
L'iUt£2^[^.^ify3iUt
AAi'.^^>r^>fU>^")>i^l/"c/^/>
(rrO
flri-'^J'^>f^>ru/'Ut/"J^^/.
(rrO
(rri)
(rrr)
r»rJ-iJ'^^^>i(>/)'>JKJ/"J^^U i
^ ^ ^ ^ ^
(jrr)
(rra)
\L\r^L.\J\J-Ly(b"i!f'^"J^(b
irri)
*• V ••
J y i / l l ) J ^ 9J y c < / ' ^ , U? l /y^ iTLy^^^ (J^ CiL (/il)f^i< c</'<i^ iiJiSc^
(rni)
/ J X < ^ 1/ 4 ^c f ' # j : t u ^ . J.l^ii Jl r
(rrA)
L£jiS LJ^£j^, jiJ^jiL \jSic^ oy^"^ \S/^yc^^j\:t) oi/^ c(j
(rn)
yi
Uii^li^yjl ^ b / i ^ (J^vb/d'wX l^iii lJf/^ t>f |->^l^ly:yi!,<i^ Lf(/ l-J^(
6iJ^. J!;^U>/'l/iUf"c;r^i>/ I
(rr^)
/SJb^iyO''y<^Ji^<*i^(C^'^i''>^<Oi^<^*^wU*t^
(rn)
t^/)/L {S/iijC\cL^ l i X ^ L - ^ L/L CTC^ JX\
r*-r^j^<Jjc.\^^^/yjV'd^^^^
{rp^r^
{r^ry
r^y<Jjc.\^^/.\2'^"^J;i\j/ I
{r(^r^
Jv (j:! oU (/J^£ L/I JL (iy-j T b^^x v' '"
nJ^<Jl{jihj:^^^j^^"c^U^fi4"jiyij^y:
(rro)
(rn)
c./'ij:! (/ilr(/j; ^-c/y^£ Jy/L (j:! (/lir;/^
L (iv^ij4 c^J'utfVi^'j .^/w rc.y (j:r j yV ' i ^ 6 ; ^^^
(rrA)
(rr<i)
(5r>'.jV-/j»'^>t:^c<yi^)/DilfC^^yr
(rdi)
(r^r)
^\>j ,*Li j X / £ £ ^j\^L <:i^J.\'iS)
\r\y.^)^^^j\Ui^r^'A^j\r^/\jjtr i
{ydr^
(fdd)
" f — f \
(rdi)
r^^^j^rjhJL\LLL/jhy
irr.(rr:^.^X^^'i>>^'^X^>'^'"-!/'>4-
(mz.)
c.i>.i^(^^ir(/J^ iii^(^/)(i3^L/'((iiO)
(rdA)
ir*>l^X^jj^/'L.X^^'j'"-'/'A^
(r<^<i)
•'"'' Au:i^y
* * « ^ • • * * 1 ** *
(no
\r\y.i^/^c^j\Ui^r^/^cL,j\)"^/\jj^
(ni)
aJjM
(nr)
(rir)
(i>iiii; (/(J^LJ^^^? X ^ Uljs:(j:! dl?A 4 ^ 0 ^
(ilJ'/'2:.l»<<".J^£Uj(JX":^/.Jj^)
inr)
(jv/ji>3> J j3lJ)(-y^>j (^''u^L^U J^c:,Llil^
(n^)
(rii)
(n^)
cUiX
^l^lcT
i<)Ar
iqz.1
r*ii
(9AA
r..r
i iqr
i<iz.r
fN»1
r**q
I91A
r»»A
l l n
I99*
mr
m^
199(5
^ • r
r*»r
191^
I9PA
l9Ar
j ^ O ^ l J .
v rlJ
U.S.A.
Routhledge
il^C/tf
Ji ^^
J'. J'.
JLT^IJK
^xi i
j ^ .
jyi^
J-yi^li
./J* v>?li
J'J
J'. it'.
L .
^ / j "
^l/% j\j\iij\ (
Chicago
U.K. London /
iJv(^V»>''-''
t/j[.>-rjvjiy
V *
A' ' J'Ur'wCijyl
j jU ' i^vy
^uLi j j^ i /nXj^
a^^-J^.J^I
-4;^-?^
aH-^»J^' ( c ^ > ' l / J j ) ^ > f ^
uT^^arj^i
/^•'\X^
(c^>»U)^^>lrJcJlX
(o^>'U)>Lc^-
.:A!^i
/^•*M'^
j'i\Sj^^\
•
: J J U ^ ) L ^ ^ V I ^ I K
Encyclopaedia of Britannica
Anthropology of Migration
and Multiculturalism
^^IrJ^^liJitiJvi
\jiUjj>^lL)ij\
0,i))j\jt/i^j:
^jj'ijJjivJ
MJl\S)\j'\ij)^)}j\
ji^iS^jtJjivjl
6vt-c/y/^jl-^(ijvi
LVJK1/T
i-(;(^L/Lx
^ j > ' i f
J/:>' / r C^v
^ ^
U^^hf
jfjf
ifz-UOhit
if^ifij'
w ^ / u > ^
j > ^ e v Robert P. Gwinn
Steven Vertovee
i^AcT'f/ti
ijjU^j'\^h
wJ/iJi ; / i i
C^VIKL^
.uT^/ i
j^-.JuJi^/ij
> ( ^
^^t^C^ls/
y^ec^'e/
>^0^<»7
v>ir>cC(j7
ji^4.ji
ji^4.j^
iOi.^
c;ir^i>r^
jj^\://
f\^j:^\.\j
iX,j^^^
^^A 1
r
r
r
D
1
L
A
9
!•
II
ir
i r
IP'
ID
11
\L
lA
19
r*
ri
(riA)
I9AI
i9Ar
i<!Ar
(SAq
ISA*
ti'J L^J^-AiJ^J^I JV'vj»ci<:' v U''jJv) JSt>^(3/^jy rr
^ y rX-'T J>U e^>:^v>^b r r
' ^ ^ L^ (r^j^)u!rcr.f^ .>^cr/ ri
f-^ J'j cJL;iJ7i6V^>fJ^y (Jj '»UL^^T > ( j : / rr
(ri9)
I9A.
i9<)o^y
(r^O
Jv> IflAI
tq(5(J(J^ylf^yl
i<)A»^y
flA);^ylf(^vi^
iqAi
' : ^ >
I9AI
(i-f^r^BvP
i<)ii^
iq^i
iJ^
./J*
;3^ J.
^y
^x
^ ^ U 5 <
^ ^
.^J>r.
yti^LJi
y^l^L^'
^:^uii
^l^fU/Zl^LJl
^Z-
^ ^ L ^ '
^l^'U/iLJ)
/ l>
/ l>
JJUil
J;U)i
/ l ^
LS^Jy^
.^•
CTJ^*
ej^y^
j t
1
r
r
r
<5
1
^
A
<)
!•
(r^i)