Urbanization New role of women Prohibition Men returning

1920 – A Federal sales tax of 1 % was imposed

Feb 26,1920- The Indian Act was amended to give Canadian Indians the right to vote.

Jul 1, 1923- The Chinese Immigration Act

Oct 19, 1929 to Oct 24, 1929 - The selling of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange accelerated, leading to panic selling and tumbling prices. By Black Thursday, October 24, the economic boom of the 1920s was in ruins and the Great Depression began.

The end of the war found Canada in a very new state. During the war, migration had been a large part of the Canadian community because many men went to war.

The men returning from the war found themselves without jobs and women that had been working were being fired to supply jobs for the men that were returning from the war front.

Canada is split in two.

Half the country experiences a economic boom ( increase in jobs and money) at the end of the war and the other half experiencing a loss ( decrease in jobs and money).

West and Central Canada experience an increase in jobs, technology and money after the war. Goods such as wheat and natural gas which

the were produced in West and Central Canada now had a market in the global community.

Imports from the Maritime weren’t in high demand as it had been. Lots of jobs were available and many migrants were outsourced from Canada and other countries around the world.

The Maritime was known for their fishing, lumber and agricultural industries. These industries were needed during the war because most countries were not able to maintain these industries on their own.

When the war ended the fishing, lumber and agricultural industries were no longer in high demand. European countries began farming their own agricultural produce.

Due to the improvement in technology mining, a large industry in the Maritimes, began to suffer. Coal was no longer the means of powering electricity. Hydroelectricity came into play.

The industries in the Maritime were slowly beginning to decline.

Letter to the Editor

In class you will be divided into two main groups; West and Central Canada or Maritime Canada. Once you have been divided into those two groups you will be divided into smaller groups. Each group will have 5-6 people per group. Each small group will be responsible for sending a letter to the Editor.

The groups are as follows: Maritime Farmers Upper Class Visible Minority

Migratory Workers

When Writing Remember :

Author ( who you are representing) Audience ( who you are addressing the

letter to) Purpose ( why you are writing the letter)

Dear Editor,

For twenty years, my family has lived and helped sustain Canada. I dear say we have made this great country what it is today. I find it distasteful the way the government allowed jobs that should be reserved for Canadian men to be taken over by foreigners who know nothing about the labours of this country.....

Canada & Her People

Exploring How To Write Letter sto the Editor

Farmers in the Maritime have to barter with storekeepers for basic necessities.

How do the farmers feel about the migration into the city?

How do farmers feel about the expenses

placed on their crops?

Consider how the minority were encouraged to come to Canada to work and compared their first thoughts with their thoughts after experiencing discrimination.

Explore and comment on minority groups that are forced to learn the culture of the European Canadian (First Nations People).

Think about the fact that the visible minority are mainly the working poor; what does that mean? How do these individual feel about other groups in the community? ( Chinese, Indians, African Canadians )

Comment on the sudden surge of people into the city.

Respond to the complaint from Maritime workers that the upper/middle class aren’t sensitive to their issues.

Reflect on what would be important to this group of people and how others in the society are affecting that.

Comment on the sudden opportunity to work.

Reflect on where the workers may have come from ( other places in Canada or around the world) and why they moved.

Compare the living standards of the workers with other groups in or out of the city.

Think about what these workers desire and how they plan to obtain those things.

1929- 1939The Stock Market Crash Roots of the Depression

Effects of the Depression on Canada

Stock Share Dividend Stock Exchange Stock Market Indicators

October 29, 1929 , also known as Black Tuesday, was the day the Stock Market crashed. This day officially began the Great Depression.

Shares became worth less and less

The crash of the Stock Market created a domino effect where the rest of the economic community declined.

The stock market crash was the immediate cause of the Depression.

There were many other long term causes of the depression:

Easy CreditManufacturingDependence on other economies

Canadians bought more and more material goods

Manufacturers bought machinery and workers were not in high demand as they had been previously.

People bought stocks all hoping they would be the next ones to become millionaires.

Companies produced more goods than customers needed and stockpiled them in surplus warehouses, hoping the products would eventually be sold.

By 1928 and 1929 the economy slowed down dramatically and The Great Depression had spread widely from the US and into Canada.

A country that had once been able to produce for itself, Canada, now found themselves without a market for their product. The US stopped using Canadian plants to produce goods.

Banks began to fail and companies began cutting expenses and laying people off.

Many were unemployed and could not pay for the purchases bought on credit.

Grade 9: Social Studies

Ms. Glinton

The Liberals were defeated and the Conservative party came into power. They gave 20 million in aid to the provinces and the money was used for public relief (welfare) and public works projects.

Public works projects included; road and bridge building designed to get people back to work.

Unskilled labourers, small business owners, farmers and young people found it almost impossible to work.

Conditions worsened for already disadvantaged groups; such as the poor, working women, First Nations and visible minorities.

During the 30’s there were no government assistance programs such as medicare, unemployment insurance or child tax credits.

Many people were reluctant to ask for aid because it was humiliating to do so.

(Page 99-100)

Grade 9: Social Studies

Ms. Glinton

( Page 102)

The Communist Party had been formed in 1921 but did not become known until 1930s.

This party believed that all people should have a share in society’s prosperity. Party members protested against social injustice and supported government assistance for relief and housing. Many Canadians feared that the party was controlled by the Soviet Union.

This group were farmers, labour leaders, and university professors.

They believed in public rather than private ownership of utilities and transportation, government-funded, pensions, health and welfare insurance, children’s allowances, unemployment insurance, and worker’s compensation.

This party believed that government should give people money (in the form of a credit) so they could buy things.

They believed if people could buy, business cycle would be revived and jobs would return and the depression would end.

This group was an alliance of former Liberals and Conservatives and Quebec nationalist.

They suggested reforms to end unemployment and hardships of the Depression.

Though there were many different political parties, it was not political action that ended the Depression.

The Depression slowly began to end as international trade increased and when the drought on the Prairies ended.

Politics Effect On The Great Depression

http://www.nfb.ca/film/drylanders