Urban vs Regional Divide comparing and classifying digital ... · Deepen the understanding of the...

Urban vs. Regional Divide:Urban vs. Regional Divide:Comparing and Classifying Comparing and Classifying

Digital DivideDigital Divide

e-mail: [email protected] - web: www.enricoferro.com

By

Ferro - Cantamessa - Paolucci

Technology to Business Intelligence Unit (T2BI) 2

Current DebateCurrent Debate

What is Digital Divide???

Two schools of thought may be found in the literature

A PROBLEM

NOT A PROBLEM

A physiological delay inherent in the diffusion of technologies among different geographic areas and social groups

A source of social inequalitythat mirrors the unbalanced situation in terms of opportunities and quality of life present at global level

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


Our ApproachOur Approach

TechnologySocial and Organizational Structures

Social and Organizational Structures

Technology

TechnologySocial and Organizational Structures

Impacts

Shape

(OrlikowskiRobey, Rose)

(Barrett, Greene, Brown, Brudney, Heintze)

Mutual Influence

(Kuan, Chau, Bellamy,Taylor, Butler)

Our approach moves away from this dichotomy.

From a review of the eGovernment literature

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


ObjectivesObjectivesCurrent Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions

Deepen the understanding of the digital divide:

Understand whether and how the determinants of digital divide may vary across regions and definitions of digital divide

Propose a classification of different types of digital divide.

Provide a more complete picture to policy maker in order to allow them to make better informed choices


Object of StudyObject of StudyCurrent Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions

Two areas of studied:

Piedmont (the region)

Turin (the main metropolitan area)

Two Aspects Investigated:

Broadband Access

Regular Internet Usage (at least once a week)


MethodologyMethodology

Written Questionnaire

6,324,567294Enterprises >10 employees

Written Questionnaire

1,206275Municipalities

CATI4,214,6771000 Turin 700 Piedmont

Citizens

Data CollectionPopulationSampleSurvey

Data Collection:

Data Analysis: multivariate log-linear models

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


26.6%

30.1%

13.2%

7.0%

17.1%

0.8%

7.8%6.3%5.6%

11.0%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

<15.000 15-25.000 25-35.000 35-60.000 >60.000

Income Ranges in €

% o

f H

ouse

hold

s

TurinPiedmont

8.8%

3.8%

40.1%

27.3%

14.9%

11.5% 10.4% 10.1%

2.5%0.7%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

1 2 3 4 5+

Number of People in the Household

% o

f H

ouse

hold

s

TurinPiedmont

Broadband Adoption

Income

Household Size

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


Broadband AdoptionBroadband Adoption(II)(II)

(<15.000€)XIncome

HH Size

P(BB)

(1 & 2)(1 & 2)

TurinPiedmont

Log-linear model design:

Income and family size explanatory variables

Broadband adoption outcome

Results:

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


7.3%

75.2%79.7%

23.4%

45.5%52.5%

4.4%

32.7% 28.9%

9.3%

46.6%51.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74

Age Ranges

% o

f Po

pula

tion

TurinPiedmont

54.80%

20.40%

80.70%

67.80%

45.87%

9.90%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Compulsory Secondary University

Education Level

% o

f Po

pula

tion

Turin

Piedmont

35.0%

59.0%

22.6%

33.3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Turin Piedmont

Area

% o

f Po

pula

tion

Men

Women

Regular Internet Usage

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


Internet UsageInternet Usage(II)(II)

Log-linear model design:

Age, Education and Gender explanatory variables

Regular Internet Usage outcome

Results:

All the variables considered exert a statistically significant influence on adoption in both areas, but...

It emerged that in Turin the width of digital gaps is wider than in Piedmont

The gap between mature and young users in Turin is over 3 times wider than in Piedmont

The gender gap is about the two times wider in Turin

As per education, instead, gaps seem to be similar

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


Digital Divide TaxonomyDigital Divide TaxonomyCurrent Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions

OFF

ER

D

EM

AN

D

INTRA-MUNICIPAL (Social Classes)

INTER-MUNICIPAL (Geographic Areas)

1. Lack of e-Government service provisioning in small municipalities 2. Availability of broadband networks outside metropolitan areas

1. Availability of PCs and Internet connections in schools and public places 2. Diffusion of WAI compliant websites

1. Gap associated to age, gender, education and income 2. Gap associated to enterprise size, sector of activity and type of management

1. Lower penetration of PC and Fast Internet connections in rural vs. metropolitan areas 2. Less training and lower ICT usage in small Public Administrations

DIGITAL DIVIDE TAXONOMY


ConclusionsConclusions

Digital divide is not a monolithic concept but is a multifaceted moving target

Digital divide determinants inside a region may vary in both nature and intensity (according to areas, definitions)

Digital divide seems to be higher in areas with higher penetration rates (is the gap really closing?)

Different types of digital divide arise from the interplay of demand and offer related gaps

Current Debate

Our Approach

Objectives

Object of Study

Methodology

Broadband

Internet Usage

Taxonomy

Conclusions


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e-mail: [email protected]: www.enricoferro.com

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