Urban Reform

8/3/2019 Urban Reform

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Objective: To examine the growth of cities at the turn of

the 20th century.

Urbanization of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17471


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NewArchitecturalStyle

NewArchitecturalStyle

NewUse ofSpace

NewUse ofSpace

NewClass

Diversity

NewClass

Diversity

New Energy

New Energy

New Culture(Melting Pot)

New Culture(Melting Pot)

New Form ofClassic RuggedIndividualism

New Form ofClassic RuggedIndividualism

New Levelsof Crime,Violence, &Corruption

New Levelsof Crime,Violence, &Corruption

Makea NewStart

Makea NewStart

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

NewSymbols ofChange &Progress

The City as aNew Frontier?

The City as aNew Frontier?


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http://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/greatmigration2/dataviewer/usa/compareusa.html


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Cities Grow

1920 1/2 of Americans lived in cities

Factory jobs sparked an increase in the growth ofcities after the Civil War.Ex.) 1890 1/3 of Americans lived in cities


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Immigrants came to northern cities looking forwork.New York City population, total

and by borough, from 1790 to2000. Figures in millions.

Key:New York City

The Bronx

Brooklyn

Manhattan

Queens

Staten Island
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.cis.org/articles/2005/back142.gif


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http://www.cis.org/articles/2005/back142.gifhttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam011.html


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African-Americans came tonorthern cities from theSouth looking forwork andto escape racism . This became known as theGreat Migration .

In "the Promised Land" of Chicagomany black migrants still had to

join picket lines to fight for fair

wages. Some companies

discriminated by placingrestrictions upon the promotion an

advancement of black workers,

frequently preventing them from

earning higher wages. Chicago,

Illinois, July 1941
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Picket line at the Mid-City Realty Company, Chicago, Illinois,

July 1941 John Vachon, Photographer
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/images/picket.jpghttp://www.inmotionaame.org/maps/large/8_003Mw.jpg


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http://www.inmotionaame.org/maps/large/8_003Mw.jpghttp://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/greatmigration2/dataviewer/usa/USAleftcolumn.htmlhttp://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/greatmigration2/dataviewer/usa/compareusa.html


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http://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/greatmigration2/dataviewer/usa/USAleftcolumn.htmlhttp://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/greatmigration2/dataviewer/usa/compareusa.html


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WesternWestern

UnionUnionBldg,.Bldg,.

NYC -NYC -

18751875
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.html


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ManhattaManhattann

LifeLifeInsuranceInsurance

Bldg.Bldg.

NYC -NYC -
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.html


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SingerSinger

BuildingBuildingNYC -NYC -

19021902
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WoolwortWoolwort

hh

Bldg.Bldg.

NYC -NYC -19111911


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FlatironFlatironBuildingBuilding

NYC 1902NYC 1902D. H.D. H.

BurnhamBurnham


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Grand Central Station,Grand Central Station,

19131913
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.html


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John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883


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John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.eastman.org/fm/lwhprints/htmlsrc2/m197810260031_ful.html


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City Life

Poor families struggled

to survive in crowded

slums living int enements .

Hine, Lewis W.

NYC tenement 1910

Tenements wereovercrowded,dirty and oftentimeshad no windows ,heat, or indoorbathrooms.
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.eastman.org/fm/lwhprints/htmlsrc2/m197810260031_ful.html


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Dumbell TenementDumbell Tenement


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Dumbell Tenement,Dumbell Tenement,

NYCNYC
http://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.assembleme.com/2006/04/new-york-city-charts.htmlhttp://www.gothamgazette.com/books/images/riisCover.jpghttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/159.html


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J b Rii 1889
http://www.gothamgazette.com/books/images/riisCover.jpghttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/159.htmlhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htm


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Jacob Riis, 1889Lodgers in a Bayard Street Tenement,

Five Cents a Spot"

B k i
http://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/71.html


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Bunks in a

seven-cent

lodging-house,

Pell Street

Th i i t ki it i J t It i id th t
http://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/71.htmlhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htm


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There is no mistaking it: we are in Jewtown. It is said that

nowhere in the world are so many people crowded together on a

square mile as here.yet the sign To Let" is the rarest of

all.Here is one (building) seven stories high. The sanitarypoliceman whose beat this is will tell you that it contains thirty-

six families, but the term has a widely different meaning

here.In this house, where a case of small-pox was reported,

there were fifty-eight babies and thirty-eight children that wereover five years of age. In Essex Street two small rooms in a six-

story tenement were made to hold a "family" of father and

mother, twelve children, and six boarders.These are samples

of the packing of the population that has run up the record here

to the rate of three hundred and thirty thousand per square

mile.

Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives, 1890 Source:http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.html

J b Rii M L d i R i th W t 47th
http://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.usm.maine.edu/~lsavage/UrbanGeographyProjects/Tenements/index.htmhttp://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.htmlhttp://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.htmlhttp://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/chap10.htmlhttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpg


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Jacob Riis Mens Lodging Room in the West 47th

Street Station c. 1892
http://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpg


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Urban Growth: 1870 -Urban Growth: 1870 -

19001900

Reform
http://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.html


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Street cleaning, Fourth Street

Garbage collection and street cleaning beganregularly.

Reform

N b ildi i d t h d
http://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.vazyvite.com/photo_us/newyork/tenement/mens_lodging_47st.jpghttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/12.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/15.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/15.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/15.htmlhttp://www.authentichistory.com/postcivilwar/riis/15.html


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Typical tenement fire-escape serving as an extension of thelat: Allen Street

New buildings were required to have fire escapes andplumbing .

S t d i d t i l
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Separate residential and industrial zones weredeveloped.

Help for the Poor
http://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://nbii-nin.ciesin.columbia.edu/jamaicabay/images/jb_watershed_land_use_lg.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpg


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Help for the Poor

Salvation Army
http://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpg


32/36

The worldwide expansion of the Salvation Army
http://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Salvation_army_world_map.PNG/800px-Salvation_army_world_map.PNGhttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpg


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YMCA, YWCABasketball was invented in 1891 at a

YMCA

The YWCA offered physical and

educational programs

during lunch breaks to female

factory workers. (c. early 1900s).

Hull House a house set up by
http://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://www.ywca.org/site/pp.asp?c=euLRI7OZH&b=177351http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/5/59/250px-YWCA_In_Service_for_the_Girls_of_the_World_-_Poster,_1919_s58d.5.jpghttp://www.scvymca.org/metro/html/about_history.htmlhttp://www.wasagabeach.com/media/pics%20-%20logos/ymcalogo.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpg


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Hull House in the early

1900s (above) and JaneAddams in the 1930s (right).

Hull House a set t lement house set up by JaneAddams
http://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://www.chicagohs.org/history/1stfacts/gif/hullhouse.jpghttp://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/photoshullhouse/Nursery1.jpg


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Hull-House Nursery, ca. 1890s
http://yelnick.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/salvation_army_1.jpghttp://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/photoshullhouse/Nursery1.jpg


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Racial Map of NYC Present-Day

Red representsWhite, Blue is

Black, Green is

Asian, Orange

is Hispanic,

Gray is Other,and each dot

represents 25

people.
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Urban Reform

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Transcript of Urban Reform