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![Page 1: Urban Nutrient Management Research Update Amy Shober, Ph.D. Soil & Water Science Department University of Florida Gulf Coast REC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f515503460f94c7524a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Urban Nutrient Management Research
Update
Amy Shober, Ph.D.Soil & Water Science
Department University of Florida
Gulf Coast REC
![Page 2: Urban Nutrient Management Research Update Amy Shober, Ph.D. Soil & Water Science Department University of Florida Gulf Coast REC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f515503460f94c7524a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics for Discussion
1. Response of Landscape Grown Ornamentals to N Fertilization
2. Nutrient Leaching from Simulated Mixed Landscapes During Establishment
3. Nutrient Leaching from Established Mixed Landscapes.
![Page 3: Urban Nutrient Management Research Update Amy Shober, Ph.D. Soil & Water Science Department University of Florida Gulf Coast REC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f515503460f94c7524a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Urban Landscapes• Complex system
– Many land owners– Diverse vegetation– Soil issues
• Many questions remain– How much fertilizer do
we need?– What is the potential
for nutrient loss?
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RESPONSE OF LANDSCAPE GROWN ORNAMENTALS TO NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
![Page 5: Urban Nutrient Management Research Update Amy Shober, Ph.D. Soil & Water Science Department University of Florida Gulf Coast REC.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649f515503460f94c7524a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Landscape Fertilization
Level of MaintenanceN fertilizer
recommendation
lb 1000 ft-2
Basic 0-2
Moderate 2-4
High 4-6
Florida Green Industries BMPs N Fertilizer Recommendations
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Research Objective
• How much N is needed to grow ornamentals in the landscape?
• Research Objective– Determine plant response of selected
ornamental plants to N fertilizer in the landscape.
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Experimental Design
• Annuals, perennials, vines, groundcovers, and shrubs evaluated
• Raised beds with soil fill (no mulch) or field (shrubs only)
• Data collection over 2 years• Polymer coated N fertilizer applied at
5 rates• Other nutrients applied based on soil
test
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Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates
Annual N Fertilizer
Rate
Annuals Total N Applied
–––––––– lb 1000 ft-2 ––––––0 0.002 0.694 1.386 2.1012 4.20
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Data Collection & Analysis
• Plant response parameters– Plant size index (cm3) = H × W1 × W2– Quality rating (1-5)– SPAD (proxy for chlorophyll content)– Dry biomass (at harvest)– Tissue TKN (at harvest)
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12 lb N
Plant Response to N Fertilizer
2 lb N
4 lb N
0 lb N
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
f(x) = − 39.809278866 x² + 879.84847471 x + 7843.214616R² = 0.642808522417848
f(x) = − 150.27184415 x² + 3067.6429152 x + 3036.2174931R² = 0.870848357203755
Year 1
Annual N Rate (lb/1000 ft2)
Siz
e I
nd
ex (
cm
3)
Regression Analysis
Optimum N rate = 3.5-3.8 lb 1000 ft-2
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Plant Quality Response
0 lb N/1000 ft2 12 lb N/1000 ft2
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Plant Quality Response
12 lb N/1000 ft2 4 lb N/1000 ft2
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Annuals Fertilizer Rates
Based on plant growth and quality response of plants to slow-release N fertilizer in unmulched sandy fill soil.
Season and Species
Optimum Annual N Rate (lb/1000 ft2)
Growth Quality
Cool season
Dianthus 11 – 16 4 – 6
Pansy 10 – 14+ 4 – 6
Snapdragon 10 – 21 0 – 2
Warm season
Melampodium 9 – 16 0 – 2
Vinca 11 – 17+ 4 – 6
Zinnia 8 – 17+ 0 – 2
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Perennials Fertilizer Rates
Species Optimum Annual N Rate (lb/1000 ft2)
Growth Quality
Bush daisy 9 – 11 4 – 6
Caladium 7 – 12+ 2 – 4
Liriope 12+ 4 – 6
Lantana 10 – 12+12 (0-54 WAP)0 (54-96 WAP)
Salvia 8 –12+12 (0-30 WAP) 0 (30-96 WAP)
Based on plant growth and quality response of plants to slow-release N fertilizer in unmulched sandy fill soil.
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Shrub Fertilizer Rates
Species Optimum Annual N Rate (lb/1000 ft2)
Growth Quality
Indian hawthorn
No growth response
0-2 (76 WAP)
‘Knock out’ rose
No growth response
4 (39 WAP)
Sweet viburnum
No growth response
4 (27 WAP)
Based on plant growth and quality response of plants to slow-release N fertilizer in unmulched sandy fill soil.
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Preliminary Conclusion
• We can reduce N applications by up to 60% if we fertilize to achieve acceptable quality plants compared with optimizing growth response.
• Most ornamental plants evaluated achieved acceptable quality when fertilized within current IFAS rates.
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Continuing Research
• Screening of additional species underway in field and fill soils.
• Quantifying effect of N rate, timing, and application method N leaching.
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NUTRIENT LEACHING FROM SIMULATED RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPES
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Nutrient Losses from Urban Landscapes
• Nutrients from lawns & landscapes linked to coastal eutrophication
• Focus of regulatory measures (e.g., fertilizer ordinances, bans, and blackouts)
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Florida-Friendly Landscaping™
Florida Friendly design courtesy of Dr. Gail Hansen
“Right Plant, Right Place”
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Nutrient Leaching from Urban Landscapes
• Will more nutrients be lost from landscapes with a higher proportion of ornamental plants?
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NUTRIENT LEACHING DURING ESTABLISHMENT OF SIMULATED RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPES
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Research Objective
• To determine the effect of vegetative cover type on the potential for nutrient losses during the establishment of landscape plants.
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Landscape Plot Installation
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Experimental Design
• 24 Mixed Plots planted in Feb. 2008– St. Augustine– Galphimia– Indian Hawthorn
• Fertilizer & water applied based on IFAS recommendations
• Drainage collected weekly and analyzed for inorganic N and P.
− Liriope− Burford Holly
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0 10 20 30 40 50 600.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0123456789
Orna-mental
Turf
Week
Dra
inag
e (
cm
)
Rain
fall (
cm
)
Drainage Depth
P1
P2
P3
P4
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Phosphorus Load
P1 P2 P3 P4 Annual0
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
Ornamental
Turf
Period
DR
P L
oad
(kg
/ha)
Bars with different letters indicate a significant difference at α=0.05 using Tukey’s HSD Test.
a ab
b b
b
a
a
a
a
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Nitrate Loads
P1 P2 P3 P4 Annual0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9OrnamentalTurf
Period
NO
3+
NO
2-N
Lo
ad
(kg
h
a-1
)
Bars with different letters indicate a significant difference at α=0.05 using Tukey’s HSD Test.
b
a
ba ba
b
a
aa
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Conclusion
• Risk of nutrient leaching is higher for ornamental beds than for turf during plant establishment.
• Landowners should prevent applications of nutrients and water to areas of the soil that do not contain plant roots during plant establishment.
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NUTRIENT LOSSES FROM ESTABLISHED MIXED LANDSCAPES
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Research Objective
• To determine the effects of plant cover (turf vs. woody ornamental) on nutrient leaching from established urban landscapes.
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Materials and Methods
• Three landscape treatments established in nine (11’×13’) drainage lysimeters (3 reps)
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Materials and Methods
Treatment 190% Turf
10% Ornamental
88.9 kg N ha-1
9.92 kg P ha-1
Treatment 275% Turf
25% Ornamental
142 kg N ha-1
18.0 kg P ha-1
Treatment 360% Turf
40% Ornamental
195 kg N ha-1
26.0 kg P ha-1
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Materials and Methods• Daily subsamples
→weekly flow-weighted sample
• Leachate analyzed for: – Nitrate(+nitrite)-N (NOx)
– Ammonium-N (NH4)– Total Kjeldahl N (TKN)– Dissolved P (DP)– Total P (TP)
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Lysimeter Drainage
0 10 20 30 40 500
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
020406080100120140160180200
60% Turf
75% Turf
Week
Vo
lum
e (
mm
)
Rain
fall (
mm
)
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Cumulative Nutrient Loads
Bars with different letters indicate a significant difference at α=0.05 using Tukey’s HSD Test.
TKN NOx DRP0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 60% Turf75% Turf90% Turf
Nu
trie
nt
Lo
ad
(kg
ha-1
)
a
aba
b
a
a
b
a
b
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Mass Balance (18 weeks)Treatment
Input Output % Leached
–––––– kg ha-1–––––
Nitrogen
90% Turf 89.0 14.0 15.4
75% Turf 142 6.3 4.5
60% Turf 195 6.6 3.4
Phosphorus
90% Turf 9.92 2.3 23.6
75% Turf 18.0 1.5 8.4
60% Turf 26.0 1.1 4.1
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Conclusion
• Increasing the proportion of established woody ornamentals can improve nutrient use efficiency and decrease N losses in leachate from urban landscapes.
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Acknowledgments
• Cooperators– Vimala Nair– Kimberly Moore– Richard Beeson– Gary Knox– Geoff Denny– Craig Stanley
• IFAS Statistics Consulting Service
• Graduate students– Zhixuan Qin– Shawna Loper
• Research Scientists– Gitta Shurberg– Nancy West– Christine Wiese– Tim Davis
• Funding Agencies– Southwest FL WMD– Florida DACs
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Questions?