Urban air quality and abatement measures in the city of ... Urban air quality and abatement measures...
Transcript of Urban air quality and abatement measures in the city of ... Urban air quality and abatement measures...
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Urban air quality and abatement measures in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden
Karin Sjöberg
Transport and Clean Air
Moscow, December 11-12, 2013
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Research Institute IVL Swedish Environmental
• Sweden's leading organisation for applied environmental research
• independent, non-profit research institute, owned by a foundation jointly established in 1966 by the Swedish Government and Swedish industry
• around 200 employees
• six major theme areas: Climate and energy, Sustainable building, Air and transport, Sustainable production, Resource-efficient products and waste, and Water
• responsible for the national air quality networks on behalf of the Swedish EPA
• runs an urban air quality network in cooperation with small and medium sized municipalities
• data host for the national air quality database
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Trend of NO2 in Swedish cities
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European emission standards – heavy duty vehicles
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City of Gothenburg ~ 550 000 inhabitants Port of Gothenburg is the largest port in Scandinavia > EU limit values for NO2 and PM10
Air quality plans for NO2 (2004) and PM10 (2006)
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Annual means
NO2 levels in Gothenburg
Number of hours > 200 µg/m3, 2012
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Annual means
PM10 levels in Gothenburg
Monthly means of PM10, 2012
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Local abatement measures in Gothenburg
• Environmental zone within the city centre
• Reduced number of studded tires
• Reduced speed
• Cleaning with water
• Sweeping
• Water drenching
• Dust-binding agents
• Congestion charge
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Environmental zone
Regulation of heavy duty vehicles
• Euro IV allowed until 2016
• Euro V allowed until 2020
• Old vehicles can be adjusted to meet new, stricter requirements
• Regulated emissions of CO, HC, NOX and PM
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Reduced number of studded tires
PM10- 90 percentil dygnsmedelvärde mellan 9 feb till 15 april
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Gårda Haga Friggagatan
Stationer
PM
10-
lokalb
idra
gen
(µg
/m3)
2008 2012
5%
-2% -48%
Dubbdäcksförbud
gatan
PM10- 90 percentil dygnsmedelvärde mellan 16 april till 9 maj
0
5
10
15
20
Gårda Haga Friggagatan
Stationer
PM
10-l
okalb
idra
gen
(µg
/m3)
2008 2012
17%27%
-35%
Dubbdäcksförbud
gatan
16 April – 9 May 2012
9 February – 15 April 2012
Local contribution to PM10 90 percentile of daily mean value
• Studded tires reduction approx. 60% 20% in Friggagatan between
2008 and 2012
• Estimated decrease ~13% of local PM10 contribution to the 90 percentile of daily mean values
• Other factors
• Meteorological variations
• Different local ventilation conditions due to reconstruction
• Different vehicle mileage
• Different dust-binding measures
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Speed reduction (50 40 km/h)
3-5 km/h in reality
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
12-feb 22-feb 04-mar 14-mar 24-mar 03-apr 13-apr 23-apr 03-maj
PM
10 (
µg
/m3)
Haga
Frigga
Hastighetssänkning
No clear results – indicated decrease of 5% for PM10 in Friggagatan
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Effect of dust-binding measures
Monitored (green) and simulated (red) concentrations if no measures, Feb–Apr 2012
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Number of days above the EU limit value
and avoided days of exceedance
17
8
0
9
2
1
Gårda Haga Vasaparken
PM10
Effect of dust-binding measures 2012
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Congestion charge - NO2 in Gothenburg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Femman
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Gårda
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
01:00 03:00 05:00 07:00 09:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 21:00 23:00
Haga
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Congestion charge - PM10 in Gothenburg
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Femman
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Gårda
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Haga
Monday - Friday
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Conclusions
• NO2 levels have decreased
• Introduction of TWC
• Emission regulations
• Environmental zone
• PM10 measures
• Dust-binding
• effective to lower high PM concentrations, the effect remains ~ 2 days
• during unfavourable conditions and high PM concentrations not enough to keep the levels below the limit value
• Effects of other measures more uncertain
• Congestion charge
• Decreased vehicle mileage, decreased NOX emissions
• NO2 concentrations lower at noon, increased levels during rush hours
• PM10 concentrations lower
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Thanks for your attention!