UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA–2

ByRitesh Kumar

&Sujit Kumar

Second Edition : 2013

© Publishers

Publishers

UPKAR PRAKASHAN(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570E-mail : care@upkar.inWebsite : www.upkar.in

Branch Offices

4845, Ansari Road,Daryaganj,New Delhi—110 002Phone : 011–23251844/66

1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park,Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate),Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad—500 044 (A.P.)Phone : 040–66753330

Pirmohani Chowk,Kadamkuan,Patna—800 003Phone : 0612–2673340

● The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet ifany mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

● This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form byPhotographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without writtenpermission from the Publishers.

● Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute.

ISBN : 978-93-5013-203-6

Price : 599.00(Rs. Five Hundred Ninety Nine Only)

Code No. 1735

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

CCCCoooonnnntttteeeennnnttttssss

● Previous Years’ Solved Papers

Unit–1 : Geomorphology………………………………………………….……… 3–114● Objective Type Questions…………………….…………………….. 83

Unit–2 : Climatology…………………………………………………………….. 115–206● Objective Type Questions…………………….…………………..… 188

Unit–3 : Oceanography…………………………………………………………… 207–306● Objective Type Questions…………………….……………………... 278

Unit–4 : Geographical Thought…………………………………………………. 307–343● Objective Type Questions…………………….………………...…… 336

Unit–5 : Population Geography…………………………………………...……… 344–405● Objective Type Questions…………………….…………...………... 397

Unit–6 : Economic Geography…………………………………………………… 406–440● Objective Type Questions…………………….…………………….. 426

Unit–7 : Political Geography……………………………………………...……… 441–492● Objective Type Questions…………………….……………...……… 476

Unit–8 : Regional Planning……………………………………………...………. 493–520● Objective Type Questions…………………….…………...………… 510

Unit–9 : Geography of India……………………………………………....……… 521–589● Objective Type Questions…………………….……………...……… 561

Unit–10 : Cartography & Statistical Methods…………………………...………… 590–632● Objective Type Questions…………………….………………...…… 620

✰ Geographical Terminology……………………………………..…… 633–664✰ Geographical Facts At a Glance…………………….………….…... 665–860

Syllabus

Paper–IIUnit-1

Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation andweathering; Geosynclines, Continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle;Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles.

Unit-2Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution

of temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon and jet stream;Tropical and temperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’sschemes.

Unit-3(A) Oceanography : Ocean deposits; Coral reefs. Temperature and salinity of the oceans;

Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents.(B) Bio-Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of

ecosystem; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Problems of pollution.

Unit-4Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient, and

medieval period; Foundations of modern geography; Determinism and possibilism; Arealdifferentiation and spatial organisation.

Unit-5(A) Population Geography : Patterns of world distribution; Growth and density of population;

Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition.(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural

and urban settlements; City-region; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy;Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Lösch’s theory of market centres.

Unit-6Economic Geography : Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural

resources : renewable and non-renewable :(A) Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and

diversification. Von Thünen’s model.(B) Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose

industries.(C) Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and connectivity.

Unit-7(A) Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers.

( v )

(B) Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of socialwell-being.

(C) Cultural Geography : Culture-areas and cultural regions; Human races; Habital, economyand society of tribal groups.

Unit-8Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; Concept of planning regions; Types of

regions; Methods of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development;Regional imbalances.

Unit-9Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types

and vegetation regions; Major soil types; Irrigation and agriculture; Population distribution and growth;Settlement patterns; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions.

Unit-10(A) Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution;

Choropleth; Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagram; Mapping of location-specific data; Accessibility and flow maps.Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; GeographicInformation System (GIS).

(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulativefrequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measuresof dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuringassociation among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression.Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score; Samplingtechniques for geographical analysis.

PAPER–III

Unit-1Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Factors controlling landform development; Endogenetic

and Exogenetic forces; Denudation process ; Weathering and erosion; Geosynclines, mountain building,continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of Geomorphic Cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial,glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles, Slope forms and processes; Environmental and AppliedGeomorphology.

Unit-2Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Insolation; Heat budget of the earth;

Distribution of temperature; atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoons and jetstreams; Stability and instability of the atmosphere; Air-masses; Fronts; temperate and tropicalcyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s andThornthwaite’s schemes; Hydrological Cycle; Global warming.

Unit-3(A) Oceanography : Origin of oceans basins; Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific

Oceans; Ocean deposits; Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the Oceans; Density of seawater; Tides and ocean currents; Sea-level changes.

(B) Bio-Geography : Physical factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals;Forms and functions of ecosystem : Forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystem; Bio-diversity and its depletion through natural and man-induced causes; Conservation andmanagement of ecosystems; Environmental hazards and problems of pollution; Ozonedepletion.

( vi )

Unit-4History of Geographic Thought : General character of geographic knowledge during the ancient,

and medieval period; Foundations of modern geography : Contribution of German, French, British andAmerican schools; Conceptual and methodological developments during the 20th century; Changingparadigms; man and environment, determinism and possibilism, areal differentiation and spatialorganisation; Quantitative revolution; Impact of positivism, humanism, radicalism and behaviouralismin geography.

Unit-5(A) Population Geography : Nature, scope, subject matter and recent trends : Patterns of world

distribution, growth and density of population; Policy issues; Patterns and processes ofmigration; Demographic transition; Population-resource regions.

(B) Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of ruraland urban settlements; Ecological processes of urban growth; Urban fringe, City-region;Settlement systems; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s CentralPlace theory; August Losch’s theory of market centres.

Unit-6Economic Geography : Location of economic activities and spatial organization of economies;

Classification of economies; Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Naturalresources : Renewable and non-renewable; Conservation of resources :

(A) Agricultural Geography : Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions;Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combinations anddiversification; Von Thünen’s model; Agricultural systems of the world.

(B) Industrial Geography : Classification of industries : Weber’s and Losch’s approaches;Resource based and footloose industries.

(C) Geography of Transport and Trade : Models of transportation and transport cost;Accessibility and connectivity : Inter-regional and Intra-regional : Comparative costadvantages.

Unit-7(A) Political Geography : Definition and scope of Political Geography; Geopolitics; Global

strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories); Concept of nation, state and nation-state;Boundaries and frontiers; Politics of world resources; Geography and Federalism.

(B) Social Geography : Nature and scope of social geography; Social structure and socialprocesses; Elements of Social Geography—ethnicity, tribe, dialect, language, caste andreligion; Concept of Social well-being.

(C) Cultural Geography : Nature and scope of cultural geography; Environment and culture;Concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; Theories of tribal groups; Dwelling places ascultural expressions.

Unit-8Regional Planning : Regional concept in geography; its application to planning; Concept of

planning region; Regional hierarchy; Types of regions and methods of regional delineation; Conceptualand theoretical framework of regional planning; Regional planning in India : Concept of development;indicators of development; Regional imbalances.

Unit-9Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : its regional variations; Vegetation types

and vegetation regions; Major soil types; Coastal and Marine resources; Water resources; Irrigation;Agriculture; Agroclimatic regions; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrialregions; Population distribution and growth; Settlement patterns; Regional disparities in social andeconomic development.

( vii )

Unit-10(A) Cartography : Map as a tool in geographical studies; Types of maps : Techniques for the

study of spatial patterns of distribution; Single purpose and composite maps; Choropleth,Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location specific data;Accessibility and flow maps.

Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; GeographicInformation System (GIS) : Thematic maps.

(B) Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Statistical diagrams; Study offrequency distribution and cumulative frequency; Measures of central tendency; Selection ofclass intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation;Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple andmultiple correlation; Regression.

Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scalingtechniques, rank score, weighted score; Sampling techniques for geographical analysis.

Geography(Paper–II)

UGC-NET/JRF Exam.,Solved Paper

UGC NET/JRF/SET Geography (Paper-II &III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350132036 Author : Ritesh Kumar &Sujit Kumar

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/3985

Get this eBook

30%OFF