Updating the 2013 Title 24 Building Efficiency Codes

Energy Code Works, Inc.

Title-24 Building Energy Standards

Mark Madison

CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater,

GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

www.energycode.com Energy Code Works, Inc.

Scope of this Class

Changes to Envelope Requirements 1

Changes to HVAC Requirements 2

New Residential Lighting Requirements 3

Impact of Time Dependant Valuation (TDV) 4


Scope of this Class

Updated Ventilation Requirements 5

Updated HERS Credits 6

2008 vs 2013 performance analysis 7

Q&A 8


2013 Building Efficiency Standards

2013 Standards Schedule

Approval: Spring 2012

Manuals, Softward Early 2013

Implementation: January, 2014


2013 Building Energy Standards

Brief History of Title-24

1976 California Energy Commission created

1977 Warren-Alquist Act

“The standards shall be cost effective”

“C.E.C. shall periodically update the

standards and adopt revisions when

deemed necessary”

Al Alquist



Brief History of Title-24 1978 Standards

1980 Standards

1982 Standards

1984 Standards

1986 Standards

1987 Standards

1988 Standards

1992 Standards

1995 Standards

1998 Standards

2001 Standards

2005 Standards

2008 Standards

2013 Standards



Brief History of Title-24 1st edition of Title-24

Building Energy Standards

July 26, 1978, 114 pages



Brief History of Title-24 1978 Prescriptive Requirements



Brief History of Title-24 Current 2012 Prescriptive Requirements



Brief History of Title-24 Result of 30 years of Title-24 Standards:



Brief History of Title-24 2008 Title-24 Energy Standards

Standards : 166 pages

Residential Manual: 522 pages

Non-Res Manual: 901 pages

Appendixes: 352 pages

Appliance Efficiency Regs: 238 pages

Title-24 ACM Manual: 212 pages

HERS Manual: 106 pages

HERS Regulations: 24 pages

Total: 2521 pages



Brief History of Title-24 1978 thru 1998 Title-24 fairly low priority concern in plancheck process

2001 Standards changed all that

Tighter code/HERS Measures/City Requirements have made Title-24 a priority best addressed early in design stage

Utility Incentive Programs also use Title-24 as yardstick to qualify submittals into their programs.

2013 bottom line:

Title-24 needs to be incorporated early into the building design process

Title-24 is not over when permit is issued

All in design team need to be well versed in Title-24 requirements, HERS measures, forms and inspections, coordination is critical.



Brief History of Title-24 Compliance forms have grown exponentially

1978, 2 pages

2008 CF-1R, MF-1R, CF-6R total 68 pages

Minimum of 8 and up to 24 pages on the drawings

©2010 Energy Code Works, Inc.


Future of Title-24

15



Future of Title-24

16



Future of Title-24

17



Reasons for 2013 upgraded Standards

To reduce energy bills, increase energy delivery reliability, improved economic condition for state

To respond to AB32 legislation for path to net zero homes by 2020 (residential) 2030 for non-residential

Reward energy efficiency measures that save energy at peak energy cost periods

Improve quality of installation of energy efficiency measures (HERS inspections)

18



Reasons for 2013 upgraded Standards

Typically each T-24 standard update increases stringency by 15% on average

2013 Standards will exceed this by a wide margin, up to 33%

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Scope of this Class






Compliance Paths

Two compliance paths available

Prescriptive Performance

21


Compliance Paths

Two compliance paths available


Mandatory Measures

Performance Path

Prescriptive Path

22


Compliance Paths

Advantages/Disadvantages


Mandatory Measures

Performance Path

Prescriptive Path

23


Building Envelope

Current 2008 Prescriptive

Requirements

24


TDV

Performance Run base on Package D

Example: SFR residence

1800 sq. ft.

Package D

25

www.energycode.com www.energycode.com

Building Envelope

Walls, floors, ceiling assemblies

Windows, glass doors, skylights


Building Envelope

Current 2008 Mandatory

Measures


Building Envelope


Building Envelope

Current 2008 Mandatory

Measures

• Walls: R-13 batt

• Raised floor: R-13 batt

• Ceiling/roof: R-19 batt


Building Envelope

New 2013 Mandatory Measures

• Walls: R-15 batt

• Raised floor: R-19 batt

• Ceiling/roof: R-30 batt


Building Envelope


Requirements


Building Envelope

New 2013 Prescriptive

Requirements

Walls: R-15 + R4 foam in 2x4 framing

climate zones 5-10

Walls: R-21 + R4 foam 2x6 framing

zones 1-4 and 11-16


Building Envelope


Requirements

Ceiling/roof: R-30 unchanged

Roof deck insulation required

zones 1-5 & 10-16:

R4 above deck or R-13 below

deck

Radiant barriers in all climate

zones


Building Envelope


Requirements

Must use envelope assemblies

from tables in Residential

Appendix to quantify R-

value/U-factor for assemblies


Building Envelope


Requirements

Change from wood framing to metal framing can significantly affect compliance.

Wood and metal framing not interchangeable

Exterior Rigid Insul. prescriptively required for wood framing in new standards

Metal framed construction generally will be penalized in performance run


Building Envelope


Requirements


Building Envelope


Requirements

Bottom Line:

Opaque building Envelope 15% more stringent

Rigid exterior insulation baseline now

Radiant barrier baseline in all climate zones


Building Envelope


Requirements


Building Envelope


Requirements

No SHGC requirement in Zones 1, 3, & 5


Building Envelope


Two allowable methods for determining window & door

performance:

NFRC procedures/labels or…

Use default tables (116-a & 116-b)


Building Envelope



Building Envelope


Default tables 116-a & 116-b unchanged for 2013


Building Envelope


2013 Package D


Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (U-factor) Package D

Glazing Requirements:


Building Envelope


Package D vs. Default tables (SHGC)


Building Envelope


Package D vs. NFRC labels


Building Envelope

Skylights

Skylight requirements same as windows in prescriptive

packages:


Building Envelope

Skylights

Skylight default U-factors/SHGC are very poor


Building Envelope

Skylights

Skylight requirements same as windows in prescriptive

packages:


Building Envelope


Bottom Line:

Prescriptive U-factor requirements

almost 30% more stringent than

2013 code

2013 Standards will force you to

use NFRC Labels

Significant penalty for using default

tables


Scope of this Class






HVAC

Minimum AFUE, SEER, EER

SEER vs EER

Prescriptive requirement

No prescriptive alternatives

HVAC change-outs

Refrigerant Charge Measurement

Cooling Coil Airflow

Fat Watt Draw


HVAC

Appliance Efficiency Regulations

set HVAC efficiency minimums in

Prescriptive Packages


HVAC

Prescriptive Packages refer to

Appliance Efficiency Regulations

minimums


HVAC


SEER vs EER


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Question:

What is the difference between

EER and SEER?

Why does it matter?


HVAC


SEER vs EER

EER is measured at 80 degrees

indoor air running continuously

SEER is measured by using the

EER and factoring in the same unit

running under a lighter load (80

degrees indoor, 82 degrees

outdoor and cycling on and off


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

Possible for two units with the same

SEER to have different EERs

For two units with a given SEER the

one with the higher EER will be more

efficient

EER’s higher than 12 require HERS

verification

Take time to verify SEER and EER


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Why this matters:

EER higher than 12 will trigger a

HERS credit in the Title-24 compliance

calculations

Will also appear on the CF-1R as a

HERS measure required verification

and a CF-4R


HVAC


SEER vs EER

2008 Standards 2013 Standards

AFUE: 78% AFUE: 80%

SEER: 13.00 SEER: 14.00

EER: 10.00 EER: 12.00

Duct Insulation

R:4.2 R-6 (Climate zones 6-8)

R-8 (All other climate zones)


HVAC


SEER vs EER

Bottom Line:

Minimum efficiency levels remained

essentially unchanged from 2005 to

2008 standards. New 2013 standards

are 9% more efficient for HVAC

Big change…..Duct testing,

Refrigerant Charge Measurement,

Cooling coil airflow & Fan Watt Draw

rules and ban on bypass ducts


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Duct sealing in all climate zones

• Bypass ducts no longer allowed

• Must size return ducts correctly

or duct system must comply

with fan watt draw and cooling

coil airflow requirements


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Mandatory Duct sealing in all

climate zones


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Duct was prescriptive requirement in all zones in 2008


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Duct sealing now mandatory for all zones in 2013


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Cooling coil airflow & fan watt draw verification now

mandatory

• 350 cfm per ton airflow across coil

• 0.58 watt per cfm for supply fan


HVAC

2013 HVAC



HVAC

2013 HVAC


• Primary reasons:

• Cold air directly into return plenum

reduces efficiency of evap coil

• Bypass duct steals air. Even with zone

dampers open air is lazy and will take

path of least resistance

• Evap coil likely to freeze up


HVAC

2013 HVAC

• Must size return ducts correctly or duct system

must comply with fan watt draw and cooling

coil airflow requirements


HVAC

2013 HVAC


must comply with fan watt draw and cooling coil

airflow requirements


HVAC

2013 HVAC


must comply with fan watt draw and cooling coil

airflow requirements

• Fan watt draw requirements:

• 0.58 watt/cfm at cooling coil airflow rate of 350

cfm/ton.


HVAC



Fan Watt Draw

Prescriptive Package Requirements

Refrigerant charge Measurement

Climate zones 2 and 8-15 (split systems only)

New allowable method for ductless split

(weighing refrigerant)


HVAC



Fan Watt Draw


HVAC


Cooling Coil Airflow (now mandatory)

Fan Watt Draw (now mandatory)


HVAC

Whole House Fan

Whole House Fan prescriptive requirement (not

ASHRAE ventilation exhaust fan)


Title-24 Building Energy Standards

Break


Scope of this Class



Changes to Residential Lighting Code 3



Residential Lighting

50% Rule

High Efficacy

Allowances for additional lighting

#1 Garages, Laundry & utility rooms

#2 Bathrooms

#3 Other rooms

Minimum efficacy

Required controls



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

50% rule remains

No limit to kitchen lighting watts

However 50% of total installed

lighting watts must be high efficacy

High efficacy fixtures switched

separately from incandescent or

low efficacy fixtures



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

What is high efficacy?

2008 Table 150-C (replaced for 2013)



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances


2008 Table 6-2 for LED efficacy (replaced for 2013)

LED fixtures must be C.E.C. Certified

Not all LED fixtures are high efficacy



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances


New 2008 Table 150-C which will combine default

list of high efficiency and low efficiency luminaires.

LED fixtures must be C.E.C. Certified and listed in

JA-8 appendix Not all LED fixtures are high efficacy



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

Rules that will remain for 2013

Blank electrical boxes calculated as 180

watts low efficacy

Assumed wattage for recessed luminaires



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

Rules that will remain for 2013

New wattage assumptions for CF or HID fixture that

can accommodate a variety of luminaires

For example 26w, 32w & 42 watt fixture

26w + 32w + 42w = 100w divided by 3 = 33.33w

Then use wattage of luminaire initially installed



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

Modified allowances

1. Additional low efficacy wattage allowance

Only available after 50% efficacy rule met

2. Kitchen has manual on vacancy sensors or dimmers for all

luminaires, not just low efficacy.

3. High efficacy luminaires and vacancy sensors in garages,

laundry rooms, closets and utility rooms



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

Allowances remaining for 2013

Internal cabinet lighting allowance

20 watts per linear foot of illuminated cabinet

Must be interior to cabinet and illuminated the inside of cabinet



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances

Internal cabinet lighting

allowance

20 watts per linear foot of

illuminated cabinet

Can be vertical or horizontal

measurement

Not both



50% Rule

High Efficacy

New allowances



#1 Garages, Laundry utility rooms

#2 Bathrooms

#3 Other Rooms

Garages, Laundry Rooms & utility rooms

(bathrooms in separate category)

Rules changed for 2013

All installed lighting must be high efficacy AND

controlled by a vacancy sensor

An occupancy sensor does not necessarily qualify

as a vacancy sensor

Must be manual on, auto-off



#1 Garages, Laundry utility rooms

#2 Bathrooms

#3 Other Rooms

Bathrooms

Rules changed for 2013

All installed lighting must be high efficacy OR

controlled by a vacancy sensor

Plus a minimum of one high efficacy luminaire in

each bathroom



#1 Garages, Laundry & utility rooms

#2 Bathrooms

#3 Other Rooms

All other rooms

Any room that is not a kitchen, bathroom, garage,

laundry room, or utility room

All installed lighting must be high efficacy, with

regular switch or low efficacy controlled by a

dimmer or vacancy sensor

Regardless of square footage attics are considered

“other rooms”



#1 Garages, laundry, & utility rooms

#2 Bathrooms

#3 Other Rooms

Enclosed Patio (unconditioned)

Also considered “other rooms”

High efficacy fixture with regular switch or…

Incandescent with dimmer or vacancy sensor



Minimum efficacy

Required controls

Permanently mounted to the building

Rules slightly changed for 2008

Fixtures must either be:

High efficacy or controlled by one of the following:



Minimum efficacy

Required controls



Minimum efficacy

Required controls

Motion Sensor requirements

Auto-on & Auto-off

Must include photocell control

Must provide regular switch for manual operation

Must comply with 30 minute shutoff requirement



Minimum efficacy

Required controls

Exempt outdoor lighting

Any fixtures not attached to building

Decorative landscape lighting

Pool/Spa lighting


Scope of this Class






TDV


Upgraded for 2013 Residential Standards

Previous versions of Title-24 (2005 and older) did not account for

time-of-use patterns

Energy assumed to cost the same regardless of when it was used

TDV accounts for variations in cost related to time of day, seasons,

geography and fuel type

2013 Standards now places a much higher value on energy savings

during high cost times of the day and year.

Encourages designs that will reduce peak loads thru-out California.


TDV


Upgraded for 2008 Residential Standards Previous versions of Title-24 did not account for time-of-use patterns

TDV accounts for variations in cost related to time of day, seasons, geography, fuel type

2013 Standards now places a higher value on energy savings during high cost times

Encourages designs that will reduce peak loads thru-out California.


TDV



TDV


Bottom Line for 2013

Building designs that generate high heating/cooling loads during peak

energy cost periods will be severely penalized

Electric multipliers for 2013 52% higher than 2008 standards

Gas multipliers for 2013 up to 8% higher than 2008 standards

Upside: Energy saving features, strategies that reduce peak loads

are rewarded greatly

break


Scope of this Class


Updated HERS Credits/measures 6


Non-Residential Changes 8


Ventilation

Ventilation Requirements 5

8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007 Essentially unchanged from 2008

•Requirements for local ventilation (bathrooms/kitchens)

•100 cfm range hoods/50 cfm for bath fan

•All low-rise residential buildings required to

have whole house ventilation

•Window operation not a permissible method

•Mandatory measure


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

•Kitchens/bathrooms have local exhaust vented to

outdoors

•Clothes dryer vented to outdoors

•Combustion appliances properly vented and air systems

designed to prevent backdrafting

•MERV 6 filters in HVAC system

•Ventilation fans must meet sound requirements

Continuously operation: 1.0 sone

Intermittent fans: 3.0 sone

Additions smaller than 1000 sq. ft. exempt


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Three generic solutions to meeting outside air ventilation

requirements

1. Exhaust Ventilation

2. Supply Ventilation

3. Combination supply/exhaust


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Exhaust ventilation


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Supply ventilation


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Combination supply/exhaust ventilation


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Ventilation flow rate calculation

One cubic foot per minute (cfm) for each 100 sq. ft. of floor

area plus 7.5 cfm for each occupant. The number of

occupants = the number of bedrooms plus one person:


Ventilation

New Ventilation Requirements 5

8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007






Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007


Question:

What is the required continuous ventilation rate required for

a 3 bedroom, 1,800 sq. ft. townhouse?

Formula:





Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007


Question:

What is the required continuous ventilation rate required for

a 3 bedroom, 1,800 sq. ft. townhouse?

Answer:

48 cfm. 1800/100 = 18 cfm

+ 3 (bedrooms) + 1 (person) x 7.5 cfm = 30 cfm

30 cfm + 18 cfm = 48 cfm


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007


Intermittently operating fans will be required to have a

larger cfm airflow to makeup for the fewer hours of fan

operation.

Required air flow rate can be 10 to 20 times greater when

fans operate less than 6 hours per day.


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Intermittent fan flow rate calculation


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2-2007

Controls and Operation

Must have override control readily accessible

If intermittent fans are used must use timer


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2 documentation

What does this mean for the designer?

Note block

Calcs

Specs

CF-4R (at inspection)

Ventilation fan for whole house exhaust must be HERS verified


Ventilation


8

ASHRAE 62.2 documentation


Scope of this Class


Updated HERS Credits/measures 6




Refrigerant

Charge

Low Leakage

AHU

Supply Duct

Credits

Supply

Duct

Location

Duct Sealing •2013: Mandatory in all climate zones

•HERS rater verified less than 6% supply fan flow

• Conditioned space, buried ducts Credit in 2013 no change

• Reduced surface area. Credit in 2013 no change

• CEC certified AHU w/less than 2% leakage. Credit in 2013 no change

Duct sealing & testing also required.

• Refrigerant charge verified using one of three methods

Invasive, non-invasive & CID. No TXV to trade against

Prescriptive requirement in zones 2, & 8-15 no change in 2013

HERS Measures


Cooling

Capacity

High EER

Fan Watt

Draw

CCA

CID • Charge Indicator Device No change in 2013

• Requires air handling units maintain supply airflow greater

than 350 cfm per nominal ton of cooling capacity across the coil

2013 mandatory measure in all climate zones

• Requires fan watt draw less than 0.58 watts per cfm

• 2013 mandatory measure in all climate zones

• HVAC condenser & coil correctly matched to achieve

high EER (currently above 10, above 12 for 2013)

•Credit for A/C equipment having cooling capacity that meets

calculated maximum cooling load. Unchanged for 2013

HERS Measures


Photovoltaic

QII

Envelope

Sealing

Ice

Storage

A/C

Evap Cooled

Condensers • Improves EER, water use limits & duct sealing, air flow, and

refrigerant charge verification required. Unchanged for 2013

• Shifts peak energy use to off-peak hours (Ice Bear)

Additional HERS measures required Unchanged for 2013

• Sealing, caulking, gaskets. Verified by HERS blower door test.

• Unchanged for 2013

• Framing stage field verification then insulation stage verification.

• QII verification for Spray Polyurethane Foam

• 2013 prescriptive requirement for zones 1-5, & 10-16

• Solar Ready requirement for 2013

• 70% of SFR in subdivisions

• Minimum of 250 sq. ft. per home reserved for future solar installation

• Oriented between 150 & 270 degrees or on a flat roof

HERS Measures


QII

Fan Watt

Draw

Cooling Coil

Airflow

Refrigerant

Charge

Duct Sealing

HERS Measures

HERS Measures most

commonly specified for 2013:

Why?

All either mandatory requirements or

prescriptive requirements

Also can add ASHRAE 62.2 whole

house cfm inspection


Scope of this Class


New HERS Credits 6




2008 vs 2013

2008 Performance Analysis

Example:

Single family

residence

2500 sq. ft.

Package D parameters


2008 vs 2013


Example:

Single family

residence

2500 sq. ft.

Climate Zone #10



2008 vs 2013


Example:

Single family

residence

2500 sq. ft.

Climate Zone #10

2013



2008 vs 2013


Example:

Single family

residence

2500 sq. ft.

Climate Zone #10

2013


2013 Package D upgrades

R-15 + R-4 walls

R-30 Roof

Radiant barrier

0.32/0.29 Windows

Duct testing

QII

Refrigerant charge

Cooling coil airflow

80%AFUE

14.00 SEER/12.00 EER

R-6.0 Duct insulation

0.62 EF 50 gallon water heater


2008 vs 2013


Example:

Single family

residence

2500 sq. ft.

Climate Zone #10

2013



Beyond Title-24

How do you get to 20-30% better than the 2008 Standards? 35% better than 2008 Title-24 has already been achievable.

HERS measures primary leverage tool for compliance

Building industry has reacted to carrots and sticks Insulation products

Radiant Barriers

Cool Roofs

HVAC efficiencies

Window/doors products

NFRC testing

Tank less water heaters

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Tier II over 50% glass to floor ratio

140


2013 Title-24 Standards

Bottom line 2013 Standards represent the most stringent

energy code update yet

HERS measures will be required on every project

This will requires good coordination between

architect, energy consultant, PV installer and

subcontractor, some sort of quarterback for HERS

measure implementation

Title-24 will need to be considered early in the

project so that energy efficiency is “designed-into”

the project

Sub-contractors need to become familiar with

filling out CF-6R forms. They can hold up entire

process.

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Non-Residential Envelope Changes:

Energy Code now addresses:

Commercial refrigeration

Supermarkets

Commercial Kitchens

Laboratory hoods

New mandatory requirements for:

Enclosed parking garages

Commercial/process boilers

Compressed air systems


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Reach Standards for 2013 8

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Mark Madison

CEPE, CEA, AEE, HERS Rater,

GreenPoint Rater, ResNet Rater, Member CABEC, CHEERS

Updating the 2013 Title 24 Building Efficiency Codes

Technology

Transcript of Updating the 2013 Title 24 Building Efficiency Codes