UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental...

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www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org / UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION Eduard Gratacos Servicio de Medicina Maternofetal Hospital Clinic y Hospital Sant Joan de Deu - Universidad de Barcelona www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org

Transcript of UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental...

Page 1: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF

FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTIONEduard Gratacos

Servicio de Medicina MaternofetalHospital Clinic y Hospital Sant Joan de Deu - Universidad de Barcelona

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org

Page 2: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

1. Identify small fetus

2. FGR vs. SGA

3. Early vs. Late

4. Stage-based management protocol

Page 3: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

1. Identify small fetus

2. FGR vs. SGA

3. Early vs. Late

4. Stage-based management protocol

Page 4: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Neonatal and Fetal GA-adjusted “normal” weight in the same population

Page 5: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Neonatal and Fetal GA-adjusted “normal” weight in the same population

Page 6: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

1. Identify small fetus

2. FGR vs. SGA

3. Early vs. Late

4. Stage-based management protocol

Page 7: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Page 8: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Poor perinatal outcome + IUFD(Doppler) Signs of adaptation

Page 9: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Poor perinatal outcome + IUFD(Doppler) Signs of adaptation

Perinatal outcome normal - No IUFDNO signs of adaptation

Page 10: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

SGA Unknown (constitutional + others)

IUGRPlacental insufficiency

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Poor perinatal outcome + IUFD(Doppler) Signs of adaptation

Perinatal outcome normal - No IUFDNO signs of adaptation

Page 11: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

SGA Unknown (constitutional + others)

IUGRPlacental insufficiency

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Poor perinatal outcome + IUFD(Doppler) Signs of adaptation

Perinatal outcome normal - No IUFDNO signs of adaptation

Page 12: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

SGA Unknown (constitutional + others)

IUGRPlacental insufficiency

ISOLATED FETAL SMALLNESS = POORER PROGNOSISPerinatal and Long-term Outcomes

Exclude extrinsic cause

Exclude primary fetal defect

Poor perinatal outcome + IUFD(Doppler) Signs of adaptation

Perinatal outcome normal - No IUFDNO signs of adaptation

FGR vs. SGA: DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT

Page 13: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Constitutionally small Placental insufficiency Extrinsic cause

Primary fetal defect

SGA FGR

The discovery of UA and hemodynamics of IUGR

Page 14: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Constitutionally small Placental insufficiency Extrinsic cause

Primary fetal defect

SGA FGR

The discovery of UA and hemodynamics of IUGR

20 30 4025 35

0

N  cases

N  cases

Page 15: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Constitutionally small Placental insufficiency Extrinsic cause

Primary fetal defect

SGA FGR

The discovery of UA and hemodynamics of IUGR

20 30 4025 35

0

N  cases

N  cases

UA Doppler +(EARLY-ONSET)

Page 16: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Constitutionally small Placental insufficiency Extrinsic cause

Primary fetal defect

SGA FGR

The discovery of UA and hemodynamics of IUGR

20 30 4025 35

0

N  cases

N  cases

UA Doppler +(EARLY-ONSET)

UA Doppler N(LATE-ONSET)

Savchev  2013

Page 17: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Constitutionally small Placental insufficiency Extrinsic cause

Primary fetal defect

SGA FGR

The discovery of UA and hemodynamics of IUGR

FGR = abnormal UA Doppler

20 30 4025 35

0

N  cases

N  cases

UA Doppler +(EARLY-ONSET)

UA Doppler N(LATE-ONSET)

Savchev  2013

Page 18: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

0

10

20

30

40

Neonatal acidosis CS for distress Abnormal NBAS Any

%

Figueras 2011

SGA: proportion of perinatal adverse outcomes in 376 consecutive cases

Page 19: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IMPACT OF NON-DETECTED IUGR ON LATE FETAL MORTALITYHospital Clínic Barcelona2005-2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

FGR Unknown Others

25%30%

45%

Relevant Condition ReCoDe

Page 20: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IMPACT OF NON-DETECTED IUGR ON LATE FETAL MORTALITYHospital Clínic Barcelona2005-2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

FGR Unknown Others

25%30%

45%

Relevant Condition ReCoDe

Impact of growth restriction in late pregnancy stillbirthGardosi et al. BMJ 2005, 2013

N=2625 stillbirths

FGR as relevant condition identified in 43-60%

Page 21: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 22: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 23: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Controls All normal Any abnormal

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 24: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

8%

Controls All normal Any abnormal

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 25: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

8%11%

Controls All normal Any abnormal

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 26: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

UtA >p95

CPR <p5 EFW CENTILE <3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

8%11%

40%

Controls All normal Any abnormal

%

Prognostic criteria of “poor outcome”-SGACS for distress and/or neonatal acidosis

N=447 SGA + 447 controls

Figueras 2012

Page 27: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Distribution of cases when IUGR = abnormal UA Doppler

Savchev 2013

Page 28: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Distribution of cases when IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 29: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

1. Identify small fetus

2. FGR vs. SGA

3. Early vs. Late

4. Stage-based management protocol

Page 30: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

Page 31: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

32w @diagnosis

Page 32: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

32w @diagnosis

Page 33: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

32w @diagnosis

Page 34: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low)

32w @diagnosis

Page 35: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low)

Hypoxia ++: systemic CV adaptation Hypoxia +/-: central CV adaptation

32w @diagnosis

Page 36: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low)

Hypoxia ++: systemic CV adaptation Hypoxia +/-: central CV adaptation

Tolerance to hypoxia. Natural history Low tolerance: no natural history

32w @diagnosis

Page 37: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low)

Hypoxia ++: systemic CV adaptation Hypoxia +/-: central CV adaptation

Tolerance to hypoxia. Natural history Low tolerance: no natural history

High mortality and morbidity Low mortality but poor long outcome.

32w @diagnosis

Page 38: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

growth

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

CTG ABNORMAL

UMBILICAL A. >p95

Page 39: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

growth

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG ABNORMAL

UMBILICAL A. >p95

Page 40: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

growth

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG ABNORMAL

UTERINE A. >p95

UMBILICAL A. >p95

Page 41: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

growth

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG ABNORMAL

UTERINE A. >p95

cCTG: reduced short-term variability

UMBILICAL A. >p95

Page 42: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

growth

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG ABNORMAL

UTERINE A. >p95

cCTG: reduced short-term variability

Ao ISTHMUS >p95

UMBILICAL A. >p95

Page 43: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 44: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 45: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 46: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

DUCTUS VENOSUS >p95 and a-

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 47: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

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www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE COMPENSATED HYPOXIA DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

minimal tolerance to hypoxia

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 49: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

minimal tolerance to hypoxia

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 50: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

minimal tolerance to hypoxia

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

UTERINE A. >p95

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 51: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

FETAL DETERIORATION IN PLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY EARLY VS LATE IUGR (>34s)

PLACENTAL DISEASE DECOMPENSATED HYPOXIA SERIOUS INJURYDEATH

growth

UMBILICAL A. >p95

CTG / BPP ABNORMAL

Placental injury <30%

mild hypoxiano cardiovascular adaptation

minimal tolerance to hypoxia

MIDDLE CEREBRAL A. <p5

CPR <p5

UTERINE A. >p95

Ao ISTHMUS >p95

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

Page 52: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

IUGR

SGA?

20 30 4025 35

0

3

6 %

IUGR= low CPR or high UtA or EFW<p3 or low PlGF

EARLY IUGR (1%) LATE IUGR (5-7%)

PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS

Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low)

Hypoxia ++: systemic CV adaptation Hypoxia +/-: central CV adaptation

Tolerance to hypoxia. Natural history Low tolerance: no natural history

High mortality and morbidity Low mortality but poor long outcome.

32w @diagnosis

Page 53: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

1. Identify small fetus

2. FGR vs. SGA

3. Early vs. Late

4. Stage-based management protocol

Page 54: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 55: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 56: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 57: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 58: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

IUGR = abnormal CPR or UtA or EFW<p3

Savchev 2013

Page 59: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

Red Line EARLY IUGRRed Line LATE IUGR

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

RATIONALE FOR A STAGE-BASED APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR

PLACENTAL DISEASE HYPOXIA ACIDOSIS SERIOUS INJURY DEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

VIVIIIIIStage fetal deterioration

HIGHMODERATELOWRisks of prematurity

Page 60: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

Red Line EARLY IUGRRed Line LATE IUGR

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

RATIONALE FOR A STAGE-BASED APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR

PLACENTAL DISEASE HYPOXIA ACIDOSIS SERIOUS INJURY DEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

cCTG: reduced STV

VIVIIIIIStage fetal deterioration

HIGHMODERATELOWRisks of prematurity

Page 61: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

Red Line EARLY IUGRRed Line LATE IUGR

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

RATIONALE FOR A STAGE-BASED APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR

PLACENTAL DISEASE HYPOXIA ACIDOSIS SERIOUS INJURY DEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

cCTG: reduced STV

Diagnostic/chronic markersEarly and Late IUGR

VIVIIIIIStage fetal deterioration

HIGHMODERATELOWRisks of prematurity

Page 62: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

Red Line EARLY IUGRRed Line LATE IUGR

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org/

RATIONALE FOR A STAGE-BASED APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF FGR

PLACENTAL DISEASE HYPOXIA ACIDOSIS SERIOUS INJURY DEATH

cardiac ischemiaDiastolic failure

Systolic cardiac failure

Centralization

Increment placental impedance

cCTG: reduced STV

Diagnostic/chronic markersEarly and Late IUGR

Prognostic/Acute markersEarly IUGR

VIVIIIIIStage fetal deterioration

HIGHMODERATELOWRisks of prematurity

Page 63: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Protocolo CIR Primer paso: si todo N = PEG

I Doppler normal pero PFE<p3

II Aumento resistencia placentaria o redistribución inicial

III Aumento grave resistencia y/o redistribución grave

IV Alteración hemodinámica grave

V Alto riesgo de muerte

Page 64: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Protocolo CIR Primer paso: si todo N = PEG

CPR<p5

Ut A >p95

MCA<p5

I Doppler normal pero PFE<p3

II Aumento resistencia placentaria o redistribución inicial

III Aumento grave resistencia y/o redistribución grave

IV Alteración hemodinámica grave

V Alto riesgo de muerte

Page 65: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Protocolo CIR Primer paso: si todo N = PEG

CPR<p5

Ut A >p95

MCA<p5

I Doppler normal pero PFE<p3

II Aumento resistencia placentaria o redistribución inicial

III Aumento grave resistencia y/o redistribución grave

IV Alteración hemodinámica grave

V Alto riesgo de muerte

AEDV AoI >p95

Page 66: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Protocolo CIR Primer paso: si todo N = PEG

CPR<p5

Ut A >p95

MCA<p5

REDV DV >p95 UVpuls

I Doppler normal pero PFE<p3

II Aumento resistencia placentaria o redistribución inicial

III Aumento grave resistencia y/o redistribución grave

IV Alteración hemodinámica grave

V Alto riesgo de muerte

AEDV AoI >p95

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www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Protocolo CIR Primer paso: si todo N = PEG

CPR<p5

Ut A >p95

MCA<p5

DV (a rev)

CGT decelerations of reduced short-term

variability

REDV DV >p95 UVpuls

I Doppler normal pero PFE<p3

II Aumento resistencia placentaria o redistribución inicial

III Aumento grave resistencia y/o redistribución grave

IV Alteración hemodinámica grave

V Alto riesgo de muerte

AEDV AoI >p95

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Mort.         >90%   50%   <10%Morb.     >90%     50%

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

<26w 26-28 28-32 32-34 34-37

DeliveryDV(a-­‐)

cCTG  abn.CTG  dec.

DV>p95UV  puls  REDV

(a)  AEDV(b)  AoI>95 CPR>p95

UtA>p95MCA<p5

EFW<p3

Stage V IV III II I

Mode CS CS CS  or  LI LI

IUGRManagement protocol according to severity stages

Follow-­‐up Daily 1-­‐2  d 2/w 1/w

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Mort.         >90%   50%   <10%Morb.     >90%     50%

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

<26w 26-28 28-32 32-34 34-37

DeliveryDV(a-­‐)

cCTG  abn.CTG  dec.

DV>p95UV  puls  REDV

(a)  AEDV(b)  AoI>95 CPR>p95

UtA>p95MCA<p5

EFW<p3

Stage V IV III II I

Mode CS CS CS  or  LI LI

IUGRManagement protocol according to severity stages

Follow-­‐up Daily 1-­‐2  d 2/w 1/w

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Mort.         >90%   50%   <10%Morb.     >90%     50%

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

<26w 26-28 28-32 32-34 34-37

DeliveryDV(a-­‐)

cCTG  abn.CTG  dec.

DV>p95UV  puls  REDV

(a)  AEDV(b)  AoI>95 CPR>p95

UtA>p95MCA<p5

EFW<p3

Stage V IV III II I

Mode CS CS CS  or  LI LI

IUGRManagement protocol according to severity stages

Follow-­‐up Daily 1-­‐2  d 2/w 1/w

Page 71: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

Mort.         >90%   50%   <10%Morb.     >90%     50%

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

<26w 26-28 28-32 32-34 34-37

DeliveryDV(a-­‐)

cCTG  abn.CTG  dec.

DV>p95UV  puls  REDV

(a)  AEDV(b)  AoI>95 CPR>p95

UtA>p95MCA<p5

EFW<p3

Stage V IV III II I

Mode CS CS CS  or  LI LI

IUGRManagement protocol according to severity stages

Follow-­‐up Daily 1-­‐2  d 2/w 1/w

Page 72: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

Page 73: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Page 74: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Small fetus (EFW<p10) must be divided in:

Page 75: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Small fetus (EFW<p10) must be divided in: FGR (placenta, poor perinatal and long-term outcome)

Page 76: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Small fetus (EFW<p10) must be divided in: FGR (placenta, poor perinatal and long-term outcome)

SGA (we don’t know, perinatal outcome N, poor long term)

Page 77: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Small fetus (EFW<p10) must be divided in: FGR (placenta, poor perinatal and long-term outcome)

SGA (we don’t know, perinatal outcome N, poor long term)

Early and late-onset FGR (GA 32s) represent two distinct phenotypes of the same disease

Page 78: UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF FETAL … · PROBLEM: MANAGEMENT PROBLEM: DIAGNOSIS Placental disease: high (UA+, PE high) Placental disease: low (UA-, PE low) Hypoxia ++: systemic

www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

The main goal in FGR is identification

Small fetus (EFW<p10) must be divided in: FGR (placenta, poor perinatal and long-term outcome)

SGA (we don’t know, perinatal outcome N, poor long term)

Early and late-onset FGR (GA 32s) represent two distinct phenotypes of the same disease

Clinically, a single stage-based protocol allows optimizing decisions in all cases

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www.medicinafetalbarcelona.org/

www.fetalmedicinebarcelona.org