Jack K Clark

Update of the Lobesia

botrana program in

California

• Lucia G. VarelaUniversity of California, Santa Rosa, CA

• Monica CooperUniversity of California, Napa, CA

• Andrea LucchiUniversity of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Legend

Lobesia botrana pupae

Lobesia botrana larvae

Lobesia botrana males

Lobesia botrana female collected

3 mile (4.8 km) buffer

LBAM State interior quarantine

1st detected September 2009

in Napa Valley, California

How did it enter the US?

Investigated by USDA APHIS SITC.So far, the introduction pathway is unknown.

Some possible entries:

• Machinery (pupa stage).

• Nursery stock (olives).

• Fruit?

Detection Trapping

Quarantine area:

In 2010/11: 5 mile radius (8 km) from a find.

Traps deployed in vineyards:

• Quarantine area: 25 traps/mi2 (~10 traps/km2)

• Outside quarantine: 25 to 9 traps/mi2 (~3.5 traps/km2)

Traps deployed in urban areas:

• 5 traps/mi2 (~2 traps/km2)

Quarantine Areas

Individual Moth Catches

As of 10/08/2010

Merced 4

San Joaquin 2

Santa Clara 3

Monterey 1

Santa Cruz 1Fresno 11

Mendocino 36

Sonoma 59

Napa 100,793

Total # moths caught per County in 2010

Male catches 1st generation

Male catches 2nd generation

Male catches 3rd generation

How did it spread in California?

Infestations associated with:

• Movement of infested winegrapes.

• Movement of infested machinery.

• Movement of vineyard wooden stakes.

Treatment recommendations for 2010

• Insecticide treatments:

– To Vineyards within 1000 meters of a find (Napa within

200 meters of a find).

– Applications:

• 1st generation: 2 conventional or 3 organic insecticides.

• 2nd and 3rd generations: 1 conventional or 2 organic insecticides for

each generation.

• Mating disruption:

– Napa vineyards only.

CDFA treated urban areas

Treatment area:500 meter radius from EGVM detection.

Homeowner was given thefollowing choices:� Fruit/flower removal.

� Bt applications.

� Mating disruption in selected County locations.

2010: Majority chose fruit removal.

2011 - 2013: Bt applications & fruit removal.

2010/11 State

quarantine area:

~2,334 sq. miles

(6045 km2)

Male trap catches in 2010

Male trap catches in 2011

Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-

cino

Fresno Merced San

Joaquin

Santa

Cruz

Santa

Clara

Mon-

terey

Nevada

2010 100,83

1

59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0

2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4

Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year

Populations decrease from 2010 to 2011

Treatment recommendations for

2011 - 2013

• Insecticide Treatments

– To Vineyards within 500 meters of a find.

– For the 1st and 2nd generations.

• Mating Disruption

– All vineyards within 500 meters of a find (except in

counties slated for deregulation at the end of that year).

Conditions needed for deregulation

(2011 and 2012)

• 5 consecutive generations without a find

– Insecticide treatments allowed and recommended for

the 1st and 2nd generation

– NO mating disruption allowed

• Monitoring

– Trap density: 100 traps/mi2 (36 traps/km2)

– for at least 2 full generations (or two full generations

followed by a partial third, where a proportion of the

insects from the 2nd are expected to enter diapause)

Deregulated Areas in 2012

• Counties released from regulation:

– March 2012: Mendocino, San Joaquin, Merced, Fresno

– August 2012: Solano

• Revised quarantine area from 5 to 3 miles radius

from finds, in the remaining six infested counties.

~ 50% reduction quarantine area

2012 State

quarantine area

~1,302 sq. miles

(3372 km2)

Napa Sonoma Solano Mendo-

cino

Fresno Merced San

Joaquin

Santa

Cruz

Santa

Clara

Mon-

terey

Nevada

2010 100,831 59 11 36 11 4 2 1 3 1 0

2011 113 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 0 4

2012 77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of male moths caught on pheromone traps per year

Populations decreased substantially from

2010 to 2013

2012 Traps caught

77 moths in 5

areas in Napa

County

At the end of 2012 the following

counties were released from

regulation:

• Nevada, Santa Clara, Santa

Cruz and portions of Solano

and Sonoma

Napa 77 moths

Male catches 2012

2013 State

quarantine area:

~687 mi2

(1780 km2)

Counties under

regulation:

Napa

Border: Sonoma

& Solano

2012 trap density – 10 traps/km2 2013 trap density – 36 traps/km2

Traps – 10 traps/km2

2012 Mating disruption

~23,000 acres

Traps – 36 traps/km2

2013 Mating disruption

around 2012 & 2013 finds

~2,800 acres

40 moths caught:

• 34 in 1st flight

• 6 in the 2nd flight

All other counties continue to be

monitored with traps:

• No moths caught

2013

• Mating disruption only 500

m from a 2012 and 2013 find

(~2,800 acres).

• Trapping density increased to

39 traps/km2

Napa 40 moths

Alternative hosts in California

� Only detected in the

flower of olives during

2010 first generation

Daphne gnidium

Photo: JF Gaffard

Olive flower

Daphne gnidium

Are traps accurately measuring

population?

• Up to now, for deregulation:Trap density: 36 traps/km2

= 1 trap/2 vineyard ha

• If on average traps pull moths from ~ 50 meters

– To cover the area, you need ~1 trap/1 ha

– Or continue trapping through time

10 traps/km2

36 traps/km2

km2

vineyard

322 m

162 m

Thank you