Update of Air Quality in Texas Susana M. Hildebrand, P.E. Chief Engineer.

Update of Air Quality

in Texas

Susana M. Hildebrand, P.E.

Chief Engineer

2

Update of Air Quality in Texas Air Toxics

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Permitting Actions to Improve Air Quality in Texas

Ongoing Activities

Air Quality Challenges

Ongoing Efforts

3

Air Toxics

Effects Screening Levels

Benzene

Butadiene

Air Pollutant Watch List

4

Effects Screening Levels

New guidelines November 2006– External scientific peer review by panel of international

experts– Two rounds of public comments

Used in air permitting and for evaluating air monitoring data.

Currently, 28 ESLs have been derived using the new process.

5

Benzene Risk-driver for Texas and U.S. Wide variety of emission sources Representative of other chemicals

In 2008, no monitors in Harris County were above the long-term ESL for benzene

All monitors in the Houston Region showed a decrease in average benzene concentration from 2005-2008

87% of the monitors statewide showed a decrease in average benzene concentration from 2005-2008

6

2008 Average Benzene Concentrations at Air Monitoring Sites in Texas(Values shown are arithmetic means of 5329 to 7594 hourly autoGC measurements where available*; otherwise arithmetic means of 45 to 61 canister samples.)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

Po

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zen

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(p

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TCEQ Long-Term Effects Screening Level (ESL) = 1.4 ppbv

# Incomplete sampling yearDallas, Boys Club site was not included due to being deactivated in February 2008Beaumont, Carroll Street Park was deactivated on July 30, 2008Pasadena North was activated on July 1, 2008Shore Acres; El Paso, Chamizal; Houston, Clinton Dr.; Danciger; and Houston, Milby Park had less than 75% data return in 2008

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

7

Annual Average Benzene Levels at Selected Harris and Galveston County Sites, 2005-2008(based on hourly autoGC data if available*; otherwise every-sixth-day 24-hour canister data)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

*Lyn

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rg F

erry

Gal

ena

Par

k

Man

ches

ter

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re A

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Tx

City

, B

all P

ark

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ton

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r P

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NW

Har

ris C

ount

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z

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as C

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land

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Ben

zen

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on

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ion

(p

pb

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2005

2006

2007

2008

% - Percent reduction for each year compared to 2005Clinton and Milby Park had less than 75% data return in 2008

25%

52%

65%

20%

12%

33%

2%29

%28

%

25%

31%

49%

22%

44% 38

%

9%28

%42

% 20%

12%

33%

32%

7%12

%

19%

23%

27%

17%

47%

26%

73%

11%

11%

64%

13%

17%

-3%

27% 16

%

13%26

%

5%

38%6%

34%3%

13%

32%

2%6%-19%

29%

19%

11%

16%

29%

25%

8

Annual Average 1,3-Butadiene Levels at Harris and Galveston County Sites, 2005-2008(based on hourly autoGC data if available*; otherwise every-sixth-day 24-hour canister data)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

*Milb

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view

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Str

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1,3-

Bu

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on

cen

trat

ion

(p

pb

v)2005 1,3-Butadiene ppbv

2006 1,3-Butadiene ppbv



# - Incomplete year of samplingClinton, Danciger, Deer Park, and Milby Park had less than 75% data return in 2008Galveston Airport and Channelview North were deactivated in 2007.Jacintoport was activated in 2006. Galveston 99th was activated in 2007.

TCEQ Long-Term Effects Screening Level = 9.1 ppbv

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

9

Air Pollutant Watch List

Currently, there are 12 APWL areas in 11 counties

Over the last 2 years, 6 pollutants have been removed

7 more pollutants in 5 APWL areas are proposed to be removed later this year

Number of Chemicals on the Air Pollutant Watch List

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2006 2007 2008 2009 Late 2009 (proposed)

Nu

mb

er o

f C

hem

ical

s at

a L

evel

of

Co

nce

rn

10

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Ozone (1997 Standard - 0.08 parts per million)– Houston-Galveston-Brazoria– Dallas-Fort Worth– Beaumont-Port Arthur (redesignation request pending approval)

Particulate Matter– El Paso County for PM10

Lead– A portion of Collin County in the Dallas-Fort Worth Area

Nitrogen Dioxide– All areas attainment

Sulfur Dioxide– All areas attainment

Carbon Monoxide– All areas attainment

Attainment of Air Quality Standards

12

Texas Eight-Hour Ozone Design Value and Population Trends 2000-2009

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

De

sig

n V

alu

e (p

pb

)

-

6

12

18

24

Po

pu

lati

on

(M

illio

ns)

Population HGB DFW BPA TLM SAN AUS ELP CC VIC

1997 NAAQS: 85 ppb

2008 NAAQS: 75 ppb

13

HGB Ozone Design Value and Population Trends 2000-2009

0

60

120

180

240

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*

Design Value(ppb)

0

2

4

6

8

Population (Millions)

Population

One-Hour Design Value

Eight-Hour Design Value

*Source: Ozone -- EPA's AQS database.1991-2008 Population --http://www.census.gov/popest/archives/1990s/MA-99-03b.txt and http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/CO-EST2008-popchg2000_2008.html2009 Data is current as of October 6, 2009 and is subject to change. 2009 population data will not be available until June 2010.

One-Hour NAAQS: 125 ppb

Eight-Hour NAAQS (1997): 85 ppb

14

Ozone Design Values for the HGB Area

119 116104

110 114 116 117 116 118112 110 107 102 101 103 103

96 9184

220210

200 202

189 188199 196

203 199

185175 175 170 169

153 153147

127

0

50

100

150

200

250

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Design Value(ppb)





*2009 data is as of October 6, 2009 and is subject to change.

15

HGB 1997 Eight-Hour Design Values for 2000, 2005, and 2008

16

HGB Eight-County NOX Emissions

556

320

204

53

339

281

145

35

194

243

138

27

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

EM

ISS

ION

S IN

TO

NS

PE

R D

AY

(T

PD

)

1999 2002 2005EMISSIONS INVENTORY YEAR

AREA

NON-ROAD MOBILE

ON-ROAD MOBILE

POINT

17

Ozone Design Value for the DFW Area

10599 95 96

106 104 10498 101 102 101 99 100 98 95 96 95 91 86

140147

141 140 140 139 139 138 138131

137 135 135129 125 124 124

118 115

0

50

100

150

200

250

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Design Value (ppb)






18

Ozone Design Values and Estimated Population in the DFW Area

0

60

120

180

240

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*

Design Value (ppb)

0

2

4

6

8

Population (Millions)

Population






19

Ozone Design Values for the BPA Area

101 100 97 93 94 91 93 91 88 87 89 90 91 92 88 85 83 81 77

150140

130124

139 139 139133 130

152

127

144

129 130 128 127

107 107 104

0

50

100

150

200

250

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Design Value (ppb)






20

Ozone Design Values and Estimated Population in the BPA Area

0

60

120

180

240

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*

Design Value (ppb)

0

100

200

300

400

Population (Thousands)

Population






PM2.5 Design Values For Clinton Drive(Includes Exceptional Events)

14.1 14.2 14.4 15.0 15.2

3231

3031

3028

14.115.815.4

3130

0

10

20

30

40

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Design Value

(μg/m3)

24-Hour PM2.5 NAAQS = 35 μg/m3

Annual PM2.5 NAAQS = 15.0 μg/m3

24-Hour DV

Annual DV

Annual Average and 98th Percentile PM2.5 at the Clinton Drive Monitor

(Projects 2009 and Includes Exceptional Events)

17.1

14.3 13.8 14.1 14.8 14.415.9 16.0 15.6

14.012.6

35

28

33

3029

3130

32 32

27 26

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

μg/m3

Annual Average PM2.5

98th Percentile PM2.5

23

Efforts to Reduce Local PM2.5 Emissions in the Clinton Drive Area

(as of September 2009)

Road Projects

Railroad Projects

Regulated Industry Projects

24

Road Projects The City of Houston installed barriers to keep trucks from driving off

Clinton Drive onto the dirt shoulders of the road.

The City of Houston installed a traffic light at Clinton Drive and the Industrial Park East gate to control traffic at the intersection and completed a landscaping project along Clinton Drive.

The TCEQ commissioners approved an SEP to pave the parking lot directly adjacent to the monitoring station.

The Port of Houston Authority (PHA) reports widespread use of emulsified asphalt began October 1, 2007.

Valero Asphalt paved its large work yard located across Clinton Drive to the southeast of the monitor.

Railroad Projects

Port Terminal Rail Association (PTRA) and Union Pacific (UP) are operating newly refurbished switcher engines on the Clinton line.– UP currently has 52 new gensets in the Houston area.– UP has 13 locomotives being funded by TERP.

60% of UP switcher engines operating in the area have anti-idling control.

PTRA has stopped the steel loading activities on a dirt area to the south of the monitor.

26

Regulated Industry Projects DuPont, a PHA tenant, has implemented new dust control best

management practices at its fluorspar unloading and storage facility.

Federal consent decrees are anticipated to result in an estimated 33,900 tpy of SO2 reductions in the upper Texas Gulf Coast.– Valero Refining has already implemented control measures to

reduce SO2 emissions by 3,500 tpy. – The Rhodia sulfuric acid plant will decrease its SO2 emissions by

8,984 tpy from 2005 actual emissions by 2012.

27


Flexible Permits

Senate Bill 7 - Grandfathered Electric Generating Units – Resulted in emissions reductions of 102,436 tpy of NOX and

SO2 from previously grandfathered electric generating units.

Coal and petroleum coke fired power plant Petroleum refinery

25,803 tpy SO2 4,877 tpy SO2

10,330 tpy NOX 3,392 tpy NOX

795 tpy PM/PM10 880 tpy PM

530 tpy VOC

4,877 tpy CO

28


-continued-

The voluntary and mandatory permitting requirements for previously grandfathered facilities resulted in over 260,000 tons of reductions in actual emissions from these facilities either through the addition of controls or the shutdown of the facilities.– Senate Bill 766 - Voluntary Emission Reduction Permit or VERP – House Bill 2912 - Mandatory permitting of all grandfathered facilities.

Planned Maintenance, Startup, and Shutdown (MSS)

Infrared (IR) Camera

29

Ongoing Activities

Texas Emission Reduction Plan (TERP)

Drive a Clean Machine

TERP Emission Reduction Incentive Grants and Rebate Grants

Provide grants and incentives to reduce NOX emissions in nonattainment and near-nonattainment areas

Eligible projects include:– Replacement of old vehicles and equipment with newer, more

efficient models– Retrofits and add-ons that reduce emissions from vehicles,

equipment, and stationary sources– Infrastructure to support reduced idling time for equipment, or for

electrification and qualifying fuels– Rail relocation and improvement projects

Texas Emission Reduction Plan (TERP)Projects Awarded Through Nov. 2009

AREA

NUMBEROF

PROJECTSNUMBER OFACTIVITES

TOTAL NOX

(TONS)GRANT

AMOUNT

COST PER TON

TONS PER

DAY IN 2010

TONS PER

DAY IN 2011

TONS PER DAY

IN 2012

TONS PER

DAY IN 2013

Houston/Galveston/Brazoria 2,555 4,993 70,671.4682 $323,555,899.66 $4,578 30.2016 29.1659 27.3258 24.8733

Dallas/Fort Worth 2,628 4,679 55,870.7056 $261,042,156.81 $4,672 21.2109 22.5695 21.7682 21.2155

San Antonio 572 873 7,297.9812 $49,397,014.13 $6,769 3.6585 3.7370 3.6688 3.3782

Austin 479 835 5,989.6338 $42,171,255.02 $7,041 3.1958 3.1771 2.9327 2.7182

El Paso 135 170 705.8245 $3,174,307.08 $4,497 0.3302 0.3021 0.2840 0.2205

Tyler/Longview 151 292 6,650.4022 $38,529,555.98 $5,794 2.7767 3.5570 3.5459 3.4828

Beaumont/Port Arthur 118 329 7,971.0967 $39,164,483.34 $4,913 3.2072 2.9791 2.8334 2.1550

Corpus Christi 22 84 1,079.0967 $5,308,404.20 $4,919 0.6616 0.5697 0.3523 0.2563

Victoria 9 13 92.5450 $620,288.66 $6,703 0.0553 0.0541 0.0523 0.0034

Unknown (TBD)* 5 5 2,284.3140 $17,132,355.00 $7,500 0.4672 1.3053 1.3053 1.3053

6674 12,273 158,612.9876 $780,095,719.87 $4,918 70.6813 67.4167 64.0636 59.6085

* Includes Third-Party Grants to the Railroad Commission of Texas and the Texas General Land Office for funding not yet reported as assigned to specific areas.

TERP Projects Awarded Summary

Number of Projects – 6,674

Number of Activities – 12,273

Total NOX Tons – 158,612.9876

Grant Amount - $780,096,719.87

Cost Per Ton - $4,918

VIC, <1%

ELP, <1%

TYL, 5%

BPA, 5% CC, 1%

TBD*, 2%

SAT, 5%

AUS, 5%

DFW, 34%

HGB, 42%

TERP Grant Amount by Area

AUS Austin Area

BPA Beaumont-

Port Arthur

CC Corpus Christi

DFW Dallas-Fort Worth

ELP El Paso

HGB Houston-Galveston-Brazoria

SAT San Antonio Area

TBD* To Be Determined

TYL Tyler-Longview

VIC Victoria

* Includes Third-Party Grants to the Railroad Commission of Texas and the Texas General Land Office for funding not yet reported as assigned to specific areas.

AirCheckTexasDrive A Clean Machine

Counties with vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) program may elect to participate

Provides financial assistance for qualified owners of vehicles

Created in 2001, by the 77th Legislature

Amended by Senate Bill 12 in 2007

Drive a Clean Machine

AreaNumber of

Repairs

Number

of Replacements

Amount Distributed for

Repair/

Replacement

Central Texas 753 2,074 $6,624,439.77

Dallas-Fort Worth 5,504 17,155 $54,181,844.90

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria

5,203 13,911 $44,553,970.69

Total 11,460 33,140 $105,360,255.36

From December 12, 2007, implementation of Senate Bill 12, to February 28, 2010 (end of second quarter Fiscal Year 2010)

36

Air Quality Challenges

Revisions to the 2008 Ozone NAAQS

NAAQS Review Schedule

Effective communication of risk

Continual improvement of APWL process focusing on consistency, transparency, and progress.

2010 Ozone Standard Key DatesThe EPA administrator announced there would be a review of the 2008 ozone NAAQS.

September 16, 2009

EPA proposed revision of the ozone NAAQS.

January 7, 2010

Primary: 8–hr range of 0.060-0.070 ppm

Secondary: range of 7-15 ppm-hrs

EPA signature of revised ozone NAAQS final rule.

August 31, 2010

Designation recommendation due from Governor to EPA.

January 2011

Final ozone nonattainment designations by the EPA.

August 2011

State Implementation Plan (SIP) Revisions due to the EPA.

December 2013

Attainment deadlines August 2014 – August 2031

EPA’s NAAQS Review Schedule

Promulgation: March 27, 2008 Proposed Reconsideration: January 2010

Final Rule: May 27, 2008 Final Rule: August 2010

Proposed Rule – May 28, 2009

Final Rule – December 18, 2009

Proposed Rule – July 30, 2009

Final Rule – March 2, 2010

Promulgation – October 15, 2009

Final Rule - January 12, 2010

Proposed Rule – February 12, 2010

Final Rule – October 19, 2010

Proposed Rule – October 2010

Final Rule – May 13, 2011

Proposed Rule – January 2011

Final Rule – October 2011

2008 2009 2010 2011

2008 2009 2010 2011

Ozone

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

SO2

Lead

NOX/Sulfur Oxides (SOX)

Secondary Level

CO

PM

39

Ongoing Efforts

Corpus Christi Benzene Biomonitoring Project Barnett Shale Investigations Houston Exposure to Air Toxics Study (HEATS) Linear Dose Response Workshops Flare Task Force Flare Research Project Clinton Drive PM2.5 Initiatives

40

Reduction of Ozone in Texas

Update of Air Quality in Texas Susana M. Hildebrand, P.E. Chief Engineer.

Documents

Transcript of Update of Air Quality in Texas Susana M. Hildebrand, P.E. Chief Engineer.