914200-6540

TPF Participants Arizona, California, Texas, Virginia, and Washington State DOTs

U.S. Federal Highway Administration

(Ohio State DOT in process of joining)

Technical, Planning, Facilitation, and Website SupportSonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA

Presented to AASHTO Committee on Environment and Sustainability,

Air Quality, Climate Change, and Energy Subcommittee

July 18, 2018

Update: Near-Road Air Quality

Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF)

Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF)

• Participants:– Arizona DOT

– Caltrans

– Colorado DOT

– FHWA

– Ohio DOT

– Texas DOT

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Objective: “Improve the state of knowledge regarding, and the

ability of state DOT staff to address, near-road air quality issues.”

– Virginia DOT

– Wash. State DOT

• WSDOT is managing the

Near-Road Air Quality TPF

Highlights

• Near-road measurements (backward look)

• Modeling (forward look)

• Research needs

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Near-Road Measurements (backward look)

DeWinter et al., a recent peer-review publication, includes

findings based on 2014 and 2015 data; see: Atmospheric

Environment 183 (2018) 94–105.

2016 NO2 and CO Summary

• NO2

– Overall, 1-hr values well under 100 ppb NAAQS

– Annual averages well below 53 ppb NAAQS

(closest: Ontario, CA, 31 ppb)

• CO

– Concentrations extremely low vs. NAAQS

– Range for 8-hr: -0.40 to 3.51 ppm (mean 0.39)

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These findings are for research purposes and should not be used for

determining attainment status.

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2016 PM2.5 Increment Results

• Mean increment

0.75 μg/m3

• However, varies

widely across

sites

Three methods:

-Inverse distance weighting (IDW)

-Using a single upwind site (WD)

-Using combination of nearby

sites (2016)

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Modeling (forward look)

Reid et al., peer-review publication, includes findings based

on MOVES and EMFAC; see: Transportation Research Record

2570: 12-20.

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Fleet Turnover: Emissions

Impacts vs. 2006 Baseline

• 2015: total PM2.5 reduced 50%

• 2035: total PM2.5 decreases

– MOVES: by 92%

– EMFAC: by 70%

• By 2035, brake wear, tire wear

percent of total increases

– MOVES: from 4% to 52%

– EMFAC: from 30% to 95%

POAQC

EMFAC PM2.5

Contacts

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For Additional Information

Near-Road Pooled Fund: Karin LandsbergKarin.Landsberg@wsdot.wa.gov

360.705.7491

Douglas Eisinger, PhDdoug@sonomatech.com

707.665.9900

Steven Brown, PhDsbrown@sonomatech.com

707.665.9900

Extra Slides

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Research Needs

• NO2 and CO are well below NAAQS; at what point

should CO data trigger a change to conformity hot-

spot analysis requirements?

• Will downward trending PM2.5 values (limited to-

date, ~8 areas) be robust over time and locations?

• As more PM2.5 data become available on values,

trends, increments, could data support screening-

level (as opposed to quantitative) hot-spot analyses?

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Denver, CO (I-25) [0027]- Street View Photos

Example Site: Denver I-25, Looking North

NR Monitor

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Near-Road Monitor Locations, May 2017

• NO2 68 locations

• CO 53 locations

• PM2.5 42 locations (8 sites had 3 complete yrs. of data)

NO2

PM2.5

CO

Some locations have multiple monitors

2016 PM2.5 Summary

– 24-hr NAAQS: 10 sites > 35 µg/m3; Ontario, CA

only site with 98th percentile > 35 µg/m3

– Annual NAAQS: 3 sites below 12 µg/m3 but within

1.5 µg/m3; only Ontario (complete yr. data) above

– Trends (8 sites with 3-yr. data): generally down

– Highest values (sites with 3-yr. data): Indianapolis

• 11.6 µg/m3 (annual mean)

• 26.8 µg/m3 (98th percentile)

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These findings are for research purposes and should not be used for

determining attainment status.