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Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday...
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Transcript of Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday...
![Page 1: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Upcoming:Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday
Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday
Read Vokey Thursday the 6th
Idea Journals Due on the 6th!
The textbook Cognition will be on reserve in the library.
![Page 2: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory•Early visual system parses scene into features represented in “feature maps”
•“Attention Spotlight” can be moved across an overlay of these feature maps to bind features together
![Page 3: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• What term does Treisman use to describe the bundle of features at a specific location?
![Page 4: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• Object Files are mental (neural?) representations of the features associated with an object– whenever an object is selected by attention its
features are bound and an object file is “opened”– when the features of that object change, the object
file is updated
![Page 5: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• How did Treisman et al. test whether the visual system uses object files?
![Page 6: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• Priming: observers are faster to respond to something they’ve just seen
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Feature Integration Theory
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Feature Integration Theory
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G
N
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Feature Integration Theory
+
![Page 10: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
+
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Feature Integration Theory
+G
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Feature Integration Theory
What Letter?
![Page 13: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• What was the result?
![Page 14: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• What was the result?– Naming was faster if the prime occurred in the
same box, even though the object had moved
![Page 15: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• What was the result?– Naming was faster if the prime occurred in the
same box, even though the object had moved
• Interpretation?
![Page 16: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Feature Integration Theory
• What was the result?– Naming was faster if the prime occurred in the
same box, even though the object had moved
• Interpretation?– visual system establishes object files (e.g. a box
with a G in it) and updates them as the location and features of the object change
![Page 17: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Overview of Memory
• Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
Sensory Signals
Sensory Memory
Short-Term Memory
Long-Term Memory
ATTENTION
REHEARSAL
RETRIEVAL
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“Types” of Memory
• Sensory Memory– brief ( < 1 second)– preattentive / parallel processing (very
large capacity)
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Sensory Memory
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Capacity
• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”
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Capacity
• Describe a simple experiment that could measure the capacity of “memory”
• Briefly present some letters or digits and then ask the subject to report them– Called “whole report”
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Capacity
+
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Capacity
F S F EG S A UT O C G
+
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Capacity
“Recall as many letters as you can”
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Capacity
• George Sperling - Systematic investigation of memory capacity
– Result: subjects accurately recall 3 or 4 items
– What can you conclude from this result?
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Capacity
• Could it be that subjects had encoded but failed to retrieve the information?
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Capacity
• For example: what if recalling interferes with memory?
• How could you modify the experiment to measure the instantaneous capacity, before any forgetting can occur?
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Capacity
• Partial Report - briefly present letters or digits and ask subject to report only some of them
“Report the letters in the row indicated by the arrow”
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Capacity
+
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Capacity
U E S BO D W AI B V S
+
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Capacity
+
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Capacity
+
![Page 33: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Capacity
Which Letters?
![Page 34: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Capacity
• Partial Report
• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !
![Page 35: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Capacity
• Partial Report
• Result: subjects can recall any 3 or 4 letters that are indicated by the arrow !
• What does this mean about the capacity of memory?
![Page 36: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Capacity
• There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…
– in fact, if only a single letter is probed, instantaneous capacity is seen to be unlimited
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Duration
• There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…
• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?
![Page 38: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Duration
• There is some part of the perception system that stores huge amounts of information…
• But for how long? How would you design an experiment to measure the duration of this high-capacity memory system?
• Vary the onset of the probe
![Page 39: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Duration
• Partial Report
Probe Delay
# of letterspotentially recalled
500 ms0 ms never
0
4
10
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Duration
• Partial Report
Delay
# of letters potentiallyrecalled
Interpretation:1. Information dwells in a brief storage “buffer”2. duration of storage lasts about 1/2 of one second
500 ms0 ms never
0
4
10
![Page 41: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Iconic Memory
• a brief storage of “raw data” in the visual system
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Echoic Memory
• Auditory information is stored in a similar sensory “buffer”– Echoic memory seems to last for several seconds
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Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
![Page 44: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
2. Virtually unlimited capacity
![Page 45: Upcoming: Read Expt 1 in Brooks for Tuesday Read Loftus and Sacks For Thursday Read Vokey Thursday the 6th Idea Journals Due on the 6th! The textbook Cognition.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032704/56649d4d5503460f94a2b4b2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Properties of Sensory Memory
1. Brief (iconic ~500ms; echoic ~2 seconds)
2. Virtually unlimited capacity
3. pre-attentive