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Implementation of Urban

Planning: Zoning andSubdivision Regulations

Stuart Meck, FAICP

Senior Research Fellow

American Planning Association

Module 2: Spatial Analysis and Urban

Land Planning

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Legal Authority forZoning in the U.S.

The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act

The Standard City Planning Enabling Act

State enabling legislation

Other authorityMunicipal charters

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The ZoningOrdinance: Zoning

Map

http://www.ci.zeeland.mi.us/bldg/zoning/images/zoning_map.jpg

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The ZoningOrdinance

District Regulations

YardsHeight

Bulk or Floor Area Ratio

Maximum lot coverage

Maximum impervious surface ratio

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Floor Area Ratios

http://www.ci.cambridge.ma.us/~CDD/commplan/images/gc698/figure4a.gifhttp://www.ci.cambridge.ma.us/~CDD/commplan/images/gc698/figure4a.gif

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Other Regulations

Accessory structures and uses

Landscaping Off-street parking and loading

Home occupations

Conditional uses

Signs

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Off-street ParkingStandards

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Nonconforming Uses

Definition

Nuisance Lawfully established

Vesting

Amortization

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Zoning Map and TextAmendments

Purposes

Piecemeal amendments Comprehensive amendments

Map amendment

Consistency with comprehensive plan Density and intensity, compatibility

Interpretation of plan text

Proposed public improvements

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SubdivisionRegulation

Purposes

Legal authority Contents

Submission requirements

Design standards Engineering Standards

Erosion and sedimentation control

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SubdivisionRegulation

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Subdivision ReviewProcedure

Preapplication conference

Preliminary plat review

Final plat review

Public improvement guarantees

Time limits

Exactions & fees in lieu

Parks & school sites

Storm drainage

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Planned UnitDevelopment

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Urban GrowthBoundary

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Transfer ofDevelopment Rights

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Density Bonus

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Other Techniques

Adequate public facility ordinances

Impact fees

Exclusive farmland districts

Traditional neighborhood developmentzones

Overlay districts

Critical and sensitive areas

Floodplain zoning

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Current Problems inLand-use Controls

Exclusionary zoning

Takings

Bureaucracy

Timeliness of reviews

Coordination among governmental units Gold-plating of development standards

Lack of clear authority for certain

techniques