Untitled as Das d

8/10/2019 Untitled as Das d

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/untitled-as-das-d 1/63

XHerm'aelogium; OR, AN ESSAY At the rationality of the Art of SPEAKING.As a Supplement to Lillie's Grammer, PHILOSOPHICALLY, MYTHOLOGICALLY, & EMBLEMATICALLY Offered by B. J.

In rational knowledges to depart from the received partitions, is nodisallowing of the same.

L. Veru|lam in his Advancement of Learning, p. 330.

London, Printed by R. W. for T. Passet, in St. Dun|stans-Church-yard inFleet-street, 1659.

The Contents.

THE Book analogizing words with things (particularly with Aristotle 'sintrinsecal principles of things) is divided into four parts. Whereof,

• The first, under three Heads or Chapters, specifieth the analogie• Of

• The word of Being or Noune Substantive

• The word of Motionor Verb• The word of Quality or Ad|jective• with

• Matter.• Form.• Privation.

• to fol. 10• The second part, subdivided into five Chap|ters, sheweth the

variations and affections of the said word of Being, both in its de|nominative Entity, and casual qualifica|tion, to fol. 39

• The third, under the same number of Chap|ters, sheweth thevariations and affections of the word of Motion, to fol. 63

• The fourth transiently examineth the state of the four undeclined Partsof Speech, with their concomitant Mutes. And lastly of the Pronoune,with the Arts therefrom proceedings, to fol. 73

Whereunto be added the Philosophical and Pedagogical uses of the whole;with Em|blems of the same Mythologiz'd.



The Preface to the Reader.

AS some moneths sithence (Reader) I was, among my select companions,engaged in a discourse relating to the Grammatical part of THE

ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING, penn'd by the re|nouned Vicecount of St. Albans, I casually fell upon this fansie: Which I profess to have published outof no design to dis|grace, but a desire to advance the profes|sory way nowin use, in some degree to|wards that more prosperous State menti|oned[Note: In Preface to the In|stauration, fol. 5. ] by his said Lordship,wherein the mind may practice her own power upon the nature of things.And therefore have I entituled it [...] . i. e. [...] . Taking the sighing Adverbfor an actuated wish, and the God of Speech for the Art of Speaking.

I say Art as observing the Creatures to be so far verbigerant as is requisiteboth to the preservation and promulgation of their kind, and the paucity ofwords in use not only among the Indians, but even that Nation whoselanguage is recorded to us as most venerable, to evince that Man at first didnot herein excell otherwise than as a distinction between specifical soundrude [ Note: Part 4. c. 1. ] and conformed may easily inform us.

But to what this conformity might be most naturally fansied: how, [ Note: (a) ] why and when graduated to that [ Note: Part 2. c 5. & part 4. c. 2. ]

septuple excel|lency we now find it in, I thought worthy of enquiry. Sincethat the Hebrew should be either to all speeches confounded, or thatlanguage whence the rest should be derived; saving the implicit belief I re|spectfully owe to the Assertors, I find not so much as the reason either ofdiscord or Symphonie. As for instance: Admit I granted that the Latine Cauis were deri|ved from [...] of the Greeks; what were this to the Dog of England or Houndt of Almayne; or either to KELEB of the Hebrew's?

Moreover I find, that besides the im|possibility of reconciling the [ Note: Part. 3. c. 4. ] Idioms, even in the respective refinement of the languages,not only the Northern and Southern people have run a contray course (theone multiplying Consonants as learn|edly as the other endeavour to baulkthem) But even the neighbour Greeks and Ro|mans; the one expressing theCase of the Noun both by Article and Terminati|on; and the other usuallycouching the Article under the Termination. It being their design aswell toexpress much matter with little vocality, as to have several vo|calities for thesame matter or sense.



And I find lastly that the Orthoaepia of that very language is not in allCountries the same; the Scio, folo, genus &c. of the German being by theEnglish rejected, the two first as a Plateasmus; and the last as sounding toomuch of asperity; the English choosing to pronounce the [G] so placed, likean [I] consonant; which again the French and Italian do reject; pro|nouncingit rather like an [Sb] the [I] consonant sounding with them, and theGermans, much as with the Greeks; so that they account the English vocalsound thereof as a Jotacisme.

But as the [ Note: [...] . ] REASON is one, so is it observable that theexpression thereof in and by man is in all Countries (quae Rea|son) thesame; In that the Nations, differ|ing in vocality according to the tempera|ment of the respective climes they live un|der, do nevertheless in point ofSyntaxe agree as one; thereby also manifesting the product of words to bemore from nature; as of Sentences from Reason; distinguish'd nevertheless

but as so many gradual ema|nations of the same [ Note: See the wisdom ofSolomon, ch. 7. v. 15. & 16. ] NATURING NATURE; by the firstunderstanding those secret emanations of rude Nature which thePhilosophers of old called Chance; and by the second that cultivated naturein its several uses, through the [ Note: See Al|sted. Arche [...] log. l. 1. ]Scholastick state of mans life, known by name of Discipline, Science, or Art;and now going under the general term of Phi|losophy; or, to speak strictly,The Philo|sophic of Grammer: for so, by Mr. Watts, do I find his saidLordship interpreted.

We will (saith he) [ Note: In ad|vancement of learning, l. 6. p. 260. ] divideGrammer into two sorts; whereof the one is lite|rary, the otherPhilosophical; the one is meerly applyed to languages that they may be themore speedily learned, or more correctedly and purely spoken; the other ina sort doth minister, and is subservient to Philosophie.

In this latter part which is Philosophi|cal, we find that Caesar writ BooksD[...] Analogia; [ Note: Suet. in Jul. ] and its a question whether thosebooks handled this Philosophical Grammer whereof we speak? Our opi|nionis that there was not any high and subtile matter in them; but only that they

deliver'd precepts of a pure and perfect speech, not depraved by popularcustom, nor corrupted and polluted by over-cu|rious affection; in which kindCaesar excell'd.

Notwithstanding admonished by such a work we have conceived andcompre|hended in our mind a kind of Grammer, that may diligently enquirenot the Ana|logie of words one with another; but the analogie betweenwords and things, or reason.---



On which words to quibble by questi|oning how an analogie can beunderstood otherwise than as subordinate to its Pat|tern? And whether itdoth not follow that Caesars design also was to Analogize words with thingsor reason: I should think almost as great a piece of incivility as is recordedof [ Note: See H. L. his reign of K. Charles. p. 62. ] that Doctor who was notashamed so to disport himself with the brain-pan.

And therefore shall silently trace his Lordship to the next page, where hecon|clusively sets down the literary Grammer as a Deficient. Therebymanifesting his former division meant respectu status per|fectionis; as achild is distinguishable from a man. And so I conceive his divided ex|pression receptible, as if he had continu|ately said; There is a sort ofGrammer [such as Lilie's, &c.] compos'd on the meer score of Authority; noway prying into the reasons those Authors had for their so speaking; As

Caesar in his Books De Analogiâ did; and our self thereby ad|monish'd haveconceived and comprehen|ded in our mind how to do.

Which conception or intendment is my security, that neither those writings ofCaesar, nor of any else [ Note: The here|after so of|ten quoted Tract ofSealiger, De causis Lin|gua Latinae, mainly in|terpreting the Philoso|phy ofthat language more parti|cularly as it floweth from the Greek. ] precisely onthis Subject are extant. Being confident that if any since had writ thereon ithad been of publick use; as so tending to a recovery of the lost rationality ofLatine Syntax, now taught by meer observation; con|cluding an expressioncongruous only be|cause its so read in Cicero, Terence, Virgil or Ovid. As ifthe knowledge of things by accidents were equally certain to that whichcometh by their causes; and that notions entring through the doore of theunderstanding come no better prepared for retention, then do such as likemeer sounds are only thrust in at the ear-windores.

His Lordships design in his propos'd Treatise of the divers properties of Lan|guages;That should shew in what point every particular language did excel, and inwhat point it was deficient; that tongues might be inrich'd and perfected bymutual entertraffique one with ano|ther; so that a pattern might be drawn

for the true expression of the inward sense of the mind from every partwhich is excellent in every language; insomuch that observable conjecturesmight be taken touching the natural dispositi|ons of People and Nations evenfrom their Languages.--- I pretend to no such perfection in language, as to engage therein furtherthen as the diversity of Idioms shall invite me to their examina|tion inpursuance only of my first declar'd intendment.



Wherein so worthy a pattern would have fortified the sedulity of my imitati|on, had his Lordship been pleas'd to de|clare what course either hisExcellency took or himself designed for the stating of that Analogie, which,at this largeness, the reasons [ Note: Viz. in my address to the Uni|versity. ]hereafter manifested invite me to select from Aristotle; with hope only that,in an age wherein the wildest conceipts even of the transcendent entity dofind acceptance, I need not despair of pardon; If by reducing the receivedparts of Speech to BEING, MOTI|ON and QUALITY, as their prin|ciplesanalogical to his [ Note: Arist. 1. Phys c. 6. text, 42. ] MATTER, FORM, andPRIVATION, I do my Countryman but so much service as (in his passagethrough the English and Latine Grammers) the easing of his me|mory fromthe trouble of retaining more than hath been first digested by his rea|son.

These Books following are to be sold by Th [...] Basset in S t .Dunstans-Church-yard in Fleetstreet.

THe General Practice of Physick.

Orbis Miraculum, or the Temple of Solomon pourtrayed by Scripture-light,&c. by Samuel Lee, Minister at Bishopsgate, London.

Thirty Sermons preached at Milkstreet, London; by Anthony Farindon, B. D.

Baxters Treatise of Conversion.

--- Reformed Pastor.

Hooles Grammer.

Parnassi Puerperium, or some well-wishes to In|genuity, in the Translation ofOwen, Martial, and Sir Tho. Mores Epigrams, by Tho. Peck of the In|nerTemple, Gent.

The Life and Reign of King Charles from his Birth to his Burial, by PeterHeylin.

A Physical Discourse touching the Nature and Effects of the Couragiouspassions, written in French by Le chambre, and translated into English by aPerson of Quality.



A Discourse of the Principles of Chiromancy, written in French by Lechambre, and translated by a Person of Quality.

A Survey of the Law, containing Directions how to prosecute and defendpersonal actions usu|ally brought at Common Law, with the Judges opinions

in several cases; by [...] illiam Glisson and Anthony Gulston, Esqs andBaristers at Law.

The Exact Law-giver, containing the Chiefest grounds of the Laws of England.

The Principles of Christian Religion; by James Usher Archbishop of Armagh.

ERRATA.

PAge 11. line ult for being in a sort, read being a sort. p. 12 l. 19. after theword right stop thus[;] p. 21. l. 20. blot out the first my. p. 40. l. 25. for as r. at. p. 44. l. 20. for [i] conceive[.] p. 54. l. 7. for whtch r. which. p. 58. l.ult. at the word action stop thus[.] p. 59. l. 1. blot out that. p. 65. l. 1. forquantites r. quantities. p. 66. l. 6. & l. 30. for proposition r. preposition. Ibid. l. 9. for minis r. nimis. p. 67. l. 4. for my score r. my own score. p. 68. l. ult. for fo r. for. p. 71. l. 25. for n r. In: Ibid. in marg. for argumenti r.argumentis. p. 93. l. 24. for quam read quum. p. 87. l. 4. blot out s.

1Herm'aelogium; The first PART.

CHAP. 1. Treating of the said words in their se|veral respectiveanalogies. And first of the word of Being or noune sub|stantive in itsanalogie to matter.

IN the first place I offer those words which serve to express the Essence orExistence of the Uni|verse; whether in its innumerable parts or whole bulk,actions or passions; as properly called words of Being; In regard they areboth the denomina|tors of entity, and also the basis of motion; even asMatter is of Form. And as we cannot conceive Form without presupposing



Matter; no more may we, sententiously, express a motion without its pre|cedent Being; all motion necessarily proceeding ab aliquo quiescente.

Also as matter doth appetere catch at or invade form in order to formsformed; So Being directeth 2 Motion towards another Being [ Note: Quies

priva|tio est & si|mul perfe|ctio [...] ei. See Com. Magyr. l. r. c. 6. ] qualifiedfor the complement of a Sentence. The first being the material, and the lastthe formal or final cause of the motion.

Wherefore also as in the one place it is terminus à quo, active, and thereforegoverning: It fol|loweth that in the tother it be terminus ad quem fit motus; and consequently (sensu receptitiae perfe|ctionis) passive, and so governed.

The same is hinted at by our LILLIE, un|der the questions WHO or WHAT? and WHOM or WHAT? The first as the nomina|tive case to, and the secondas the casual word of the Verb; which last I hereafter distinguish by name ofa word of Sense, in regard that by its sensuality it compleateth thisPhylosophie of a sen|tence. To which neither the Verb impersonal, its Latinesuccedaneum the Gerund with the Verb of Being, nor the Infinitive Mood canbe an excepti|on. While the word or words mediately follow|ing the first, andimmedately the second, are, in sense, as their nominative case; In that theyare their material cause or basis; and the third signi|fieth no other then theessence [ Note: Part 3. cap 1. ] ot indefinit Being of a Motion. Which theGreeks and English ob|serve, while they denominate their Verbs by theInfinitve mood, as, [...] , To love, &c.

Wherefore our Author teacheth that when twoVerbs meet together, the latter shall be the Infinitve Mood.That Mood so placed bearing the same signification with an essential word ofsense; as when placed before the Verb it doth of a word of Being; andserves either to govern or be Governed by the Verb accordingly.

And because it often doth this accompanyed; not only by words of the samesort by way of 3 apposition, but by the Infinitive Mood and a word of Being;so answering both the questions, WHOM and WHAT: Our Author adds, that

Aliquando ratio est verbo nominativus. Which aliquando I suppose he would

have understood as a conditional semper. As if he had said, Whenever youmeet with any number of words without a Verb in a Mood other then theinfinitive, know that they all can amount to no compleat sentence; but onlyto such a Ratio as may serve for a nomina|tive case to the Verb. And thereason therefore is, that they signifie no more then one word of Being, as isevident even by the example he there in|stanceth out of Ovid:



---Ingenuas didicisse fideliter artesEmollit mores.---

All which, but for the emphasis and verse, (which are but as the secondintentions of lan|guage) might have been as fully expressed by one word of

Being, as if he had said Literatura emollit mores.

4CHAP. 2. Of the word of Motion or Verb, in its ana|logie to Form.

PRoceeding secondly to motion, [...] , ac|cording to its, passage, I observe ittwofold, viz. either going from, or else coming towards the first sententiouslyexpressed Being: as, I love, or I am loved. Yet (transpositis terminis) this

duplicity will appear to be but so many gradual expressions of one and thesame motion. As when I say, JOHN LOVETH JOAN, I thereby but onlyexpress the action of love as barely proceed|ing from John towards Joan; and so a Cat may look upon a King. But if I say JOAN IS LOVED BY JOHN, Ithen not only ex|press as much, but also manifest the energie of Johns love-motion to be such, as that Joan is there|in passionately concern'd.

And hence (with submission to my more learned Readers) I conceive theantients came todistinguish the one by name of a Verb passive, from thatother of an active. And particularly the Latins (with whom this voice is most

Idiomatical) to form the passive from the active by the only addi|tion of theletter [R]. And that Magyrus also in his [ Note: lib. 1. c. 4. ] Physiologiecomes to declare that Motus in duobus consistit (he doth not say duo motus )in agente scil. & Patiente.

Thereby, however, excluding our Authors Neuter-passives, Common andDeponents; as products of a vain attempt of reconciling the Latine andEnglish Idioms, not considering how 5 the first denominate their Verbs àcausâ causae, and the last à causâ causati.

Which once observed, it will be evident that the Romans were never [ Note:

To multi|ply divisions to their low|est particu|larity is an errour in Science. L.Vetu [...] ibid. ] guilty of troubling us with any such subdivision. As forinstance: Vapulo and Exulo must with them needs be Verbs active: It beingtheir Philosophie that Nemo laeditur nisi à scipso. And so must Precor andMeditor be passives, since it was as well their Theologie that--- Timor primos fecit in orbe Deos.Loquor likewise and Argumentor, strictly under|stood, being when we speak



or argue the sense of others. Besides that, admitting of a gradation, it werenot Scholastick to multiply its comparative Arithmetick beyond a third,[Note: (a) ] (where I state the Verb impersonal) as in the following Chapteris expressed.

6CHAP. 3. Of the word of Quality, or Noun-Adje|ctive, in its analogieto Privati|on, &c.

OUR Author telling us that the coherence of the former word with itsnominative case is in respect of number and person: I reserve its saidsuperlative gradation, as more properly explain|able among those and thevariations of the whole three. The last whereof I now offer as the daugh|terof Privation, or (in corporeal naturalities) Proportion; both being hereunderstood in order to perfection. By which as we attain to the distin|ction ofgreat and little as a quantity; so of good and evil as a quality; and by itcome we to the useful knowledge of quantitative qualities, to make themalso adjectible to Beings.

For, although naturally they admit not of com|parison, the least drop beinglogically as much water as is the whole Sea; Yet being coacervated, as theytake up the rooms of great and little, two being more then one, and threethen two, &c. they become convertible with good and evil; the biggest (as

we use to say, caeteris paribus ) being alwayes the best.And sithence we find dilatation and good to be euqally appetible by allBeings, the conversion cannot be improper. [ Note: As is partly demonstra|ble by a Cyphon. ] Wherefore we call a great house a good house; and so dowe complement My very good Lord, &c.

Which nevertheless to wrest too much to a 7 Political sense, were to makecontentment no other than a lazie patience. Ot if to a Theological, to beforced with that otherwise thrice learned [ Note: Campanel|la in Athe|ismotrium|phato. ] Dominican, sometimes of my acquaintance in PARIS, todefend covetousness to be no sin; and consequently, with some Philosophersof the Neotericks, be seduced, practically, to confound Honestum with Utile.

Wherefore its observable that both quantity and quality becomedistinguishers of good and evil only mediately. The one by coacervation, asaforesaid; and the other by separation: Unum, verum, bonum, ens,quatenus ens, being alwaies the same.



But if we apply an Entity or Being to a praeterna|tural use, [ Note: Amygdalae amarae noxiae vulpibus. I. Mart. Met. sect. 6. ] then shall wefind (as was retorted by the Hollander) that English Ale is no better to thatchhousen, then is Dutch butter to stop Ovens.

Or otherwise, if we contemplate several beings of the same kind or sort, bythe privation of some particle of perfection in the one, we learn to value theexcellency of the other. And in case there be two beings herein compa|tible;there the senses immediately summon a Court of Survey; where opinionsitting as Judge decides the controversie by the line or measure ofcomparison. Which subjects all qualities under so variable a construction: itbeing impossible that all Beings should be affected to one and the sameQuality, more than all Qualities may be ratio|nally adjectible to one Being. Orto instance that Elementary Being which is permanent in its affectiontowards a single Quality or Being so qualified. Since as the temperament

alters, so must the Judgement; and Affection being to 8 Judgement, as theCause to the Effect: hence necessarily proceed both the [ Note: I meddle notwith the supernal allyance of the stars. Only as my Vernacular Idiomerenders it, Kyfanian a G [...] rthani|an. ] Sympathy and An|tipathy of theUniverse.

This we may read most handsomly exemplified in the observations left us by[Note: Hist. Bel|gic. ] Strada on the re|sults of the Council held at Madrid before the Expedition which the Duke of Alva thereupon un|dertook for theNetherlands. To which he adds,That every man while he votes for the publike, votes for himself. And thevote (saith he in Sir Philip Stapleton's language) which nature ex [...] orts, wethinK we give to the cause, when, indeed, we do it to our own humor.

Nevertheless we find this wise Nature, in order to the preservation of it selfin its respective In|dividuals, to have stamped certain characters of generalreception on Good and Evil; even as by a number of mysterious lines on theface, the fea|tures are promoted in order to beauty: as we may be more atlarge satisfied concerning the one by the Mathematicks, as of the otheramong the Ethicks.

My present part being only by this difficulty to instance how expedite it wasthat the degrees of comparison should be carv'd exactly answerable to theHermetical Phylosophie of Vertue; which is, To be multiplyed in the second,and compleated in the third. That number being worthily magni|fied by theAntients as most perfect, in regard it is uncapable of an equal division;[Note: (a) ] and so remains of Infinitness the nearest representativeimagina|ble. And this the French idiome confirms by its expression of mostby thrice: as, Grand, Plus grand, trois grand. Great, Greater, Greatest.



M [...] gnus, Major, Maximus: The rest, in the La|tine, having for the mostpart their superlative 9 in [issimus] as faelix faelicissimus: Excepting such asare called Anomola or irregular; or whose rise is mentioned affectedly: as,M [...] lior for Mollior, or Maximus for Maximè optatus. To compare by magis and maximè being proper only to words ending with a yowel before [us] Inregard [be|sides that the too much overture of concurrent vowels is in somesort abhorred by all languages] the regular comparison renders such scarcecom|prehensible by any Latine verse, except the Lyric: And therefore do theRomans compare them by their Adverbs; much as the English more andmost.

But to conclude. As Privation became known by contemplation of want, thehigh way to nothing: So Quality can, Grammatically, signifie nothing, until itbe adjected to that Being whereof it shew's the quality; as to say, A fairwoman, a large hawk, &c. and therefore is the Adjective in what degree

soever plac'd to agree with its Sub|stantive in Gender, Case and Number, asaffecti|ons which by it are occasionally varyed as fol|loweth.

10Herm'aelogium. The Second Part.

CHAP. I. Shewing the Rational Variations or Affections of the NounSubstantive, whether in its Entitative denomina|tion or sensualcasuality. And first of its Articulation.

TO this word do belong first its articles: He, She, or It. The word Genus being here, as I with the same submission conceive, understood by theLatines in a mixt sense; For if we look upon it Logically, it will appear to berather Species generis than Genus. And if meerly Physically à generando: Then must we take it only as an article manifesting the property of a Being

in point of generation; that is, Whether it be 11 male, female, or neither. TheEnglish understand|ing it no further, whiles, until they be of years topropagate, they articulate the noblest of Creatures by this neither or neuter gender, as when they say: It's a pretty Girl or Boy.

Whereas the Latins use it not only to distinguish the Sex, but also the activeand passive qualities of Beings in point of use, as; Hic liber, haec Pila. The



book being look'd upon as an agent by which we are instructed, and the Ballas a patient by the tossing whereof we are recreated. Which yet I find tohold most in the articulation of such words as be radically Latine; such asderive from the Greek being articulated commonly as most consonant withtheir terminations. So, Hic lapis, Haec petra. Which I rather take with [ Note: De caus. ling. lat. l. 4. ] Scaliger from [...] and [...] , than with the Antientsfrom pedem laeden|do and quià teratur pedibus; or from any experi|ment oftheir growth found out by the Neote|rics.

Yet its observable that such Greek words as be Latiniz'd only quoad sonum do sometimetimes herein outstretch our use of the Being, by a [ Note: Enallage generis. ] trope which the Latines declare themselves not a littleenamour'd with whiles not only the repesenta|tives of sometimes livingpersonages, as Statua; but such dead being as be either actually or po|tentially but the containers [as the place and placed] of the living, are by

them numbred among the feminines: as, Manus, Domus, Civi|tas, &c.So they articulate the names of all Cities, ex|cepting such as so strictlyfollow the names of their Founders, that their termination cannot properly beadvanc'd to the feminin gender. And only these, being in a sort of moreremote tropical 12 feminines, do they articulate rather according to theirtermination; which may be a reason why Londinum may not be declin'dfeminiely aswell as Glycerium.

Derivative Beings, whose names proceed from primitive Latine words, theydecline according to the nature of that word whence the derivationproceedeth; and in case the derivative proceeds from more then one, theytake the denomination à fortiori; whether that be a word of Being, or a wordof Motion. For example, Fluvius if it had its denomination from the water orthe fish it is suppos'd to contain, must have been articula|ted femininly: Butsithence it is neither the wa|ter nor the fish, but the fierce flowing thatmakes the Fluvius of the Latines [for they have their Rivi and Rivuli besides]there it is known by the masculine gender.

And the denomination is right in regard that as every Spring doth not makea River, no more doth every River contain fish. As the River Dulais of Neath

ultra in Glamorganshire, which, until of late years some Trouts were cast intoit, contained no fish but Eels; whose univocal generation being uncertain,are therefore articulated doubtfully. Supposing always that I latinize them bythe old name of Anguis, [Snakes and Adders being num|bred among theOviparia ] and not Anguilla; for then I make it an Epicaen.

The same rule standeth for Hermaphroditical creatures. And not unlike isthat way of articula|tion they call common, as Hic & Haec Canis. The main



end we keep Dogs for being in order to our pleasure of hunting themaccording to their respe|ctive kinds, to which since we do not find that di|stinction of sex doth add any thing, they are 13 properly articulated withcaution only that we distinguish them from dead Being.

As for our Authors Common of three, I observe that as proper only for thedeclension of Adje|ctives; it being impossible a Being should be living anddead at the same instant.

Vegetives, in regard their multiplication is at a distance, are, when theirtermination invites it, content to be articulated neutrally: as, [ Note: Mas &se|mina. ] Absyn|thium. Otherwise for the most part we read thempromiscuously specified aswell by the masculine as feminine gender. Thedistinguishment of their sex being a knowledge peculiar only to Phy|sitians.

So that I dare not induce a reason for our Au|thors strict muliebrity of Alnus,quia alatur amne. While I find amnis both masculine and femininely declin'd.Neither can his first special Rule oblige me to it; whiles Pinus coming alsowithin that verge, I find masculinely, and (by Mr. Hollyoak's observation)aswell feminiely declin'd.

Wherefore where our Author saith, that Ap|pellativa arborum erunt muliebriaut Alnus, I un|derstand him as only telling me he never read it otherwise.

But since its my present undertaking to endea|vour to reach the reason ofthe Ancients for what our Author delivers on the meer account of ob|

servation: The use the Ancients made of that Tree being mainly for shipping;as appeareth not only by the authority of Pliny, but also that the Brittains doat this day call the Shipmast, although consisting of other timber, by nameof that [ Note: Gwernen y Llong. ] tree; therefore were I not therebynecessitated to hete|roclite it, I should, after Plinie's example, take the Treefor the Ship that is thereof built, or at 14 least wise that by it is perfected,and so make it a tropical feminine, as Domus. And who knoweth but that inthe infant refinement of the language it was so taken and declined, while Mr.Hollyoake derives it from the same root with Quercus? Since as [ Note: InEpist. dedicat. ] Dr. Taylor well observes, Voces & familiaris sermo suas

habent vicissitudines; & magis convenit inter linguas Gallicam & Italorum,quâm Latinitati sequioris aevi cum Ennianâ

CHAP. II. Of the Cases.



THe second variation of this word is according to the respective conditions itmay serve in, whether Genitive, Dative, Accusative, or Abla|tive. The serviceit doth Vocatively being barely Salutatorie; and Nominatively, either asapposited to a word of its own sort, or subjected only to its own motion. Andtherefore do I rather adven|ture on this my own fancyed conditionaldefinition of the Cases, then comply with the learned Sca|ligers à Cadendo, [...] , as he [ Note: Ibid. p. 183. ] renders it; that extraction too muchentrenching on the state of this Case; whose said imployment can be ad|

judged no more cadent than for one hand to serve another.

The services it performs in its other conditions are first as it is governed byanother word of Be|ing: And so it serves the English man commonlyGenitively: The house of his father, and the use of his friend sounding to himalike. But with the 15 Roman the first bearing the sense of a possession, andthe second of an instrument; therefore that shall be govern'd Genitively, and

this Ablatively; and that for reasons in its motional governance speci [...] ed.As for its Dative service, I observe that either to Substantives compoundedwith such Prepositi|ons as our Author notes to bring the Verb so governing:as, Mihi praefectus, advocatus, contu. &c. or else to a Being qua qualitative;as, urbi pater i. e. Patronus: The English to the Adjective subjecting it all oneway, and in as many condi|tions as do the Latins, which is in all the four: As,

• Novitatis avida,• Sis bonus tuis,• Dives Nummis• Gnomon septem pe|des longus,• Greedy of news.• Be good to thy own.• Rich in money.• A line seven foot loog.

Which last only soars up to the Latine rationality; the rest carrying theirsigns before them; and so, in my opinion, may excuse the English man fromthe trouble of conning our Authors dilatations on this Rule. Sithence as wemust necessarily know before we can compose; so doth the English in|formwhat condition to place the goverened word in the Latine.

And its observable that where the English ele|vates it self above the pitch ofvulgarity, the La|tine, as in disdain of that pride, endeavours to soar higher:witness that Authority cited by our Author out of Columella: Fons latus

pedibus tribus, altus triginta: Where the lateral measure governethAblatively, and the direct Accusatively, by the same tacit reason as doth theVerb.



In which Philosophical Concordancie consists 16 the main subtilty of theRoman language, viz. In subjecting this word in order to the conclusion of asentence, according to the respective inclinations of the motion. As;First, Genitively: And that to Verbs signify|ing Possession, Mercy, Memory,Enjoyments, or most things that belong to tryals or Barre-affairs. And thereason therefore will be obvious, if we but continue our observation of theirforecited me|thod, as of d [...] nominating, so of governing, secun|dumcausam causae, and not cousati, as do the Eng|lish.A custom which I suppose first grounded on a Metaphysical consideration:The Metaphysicks ac|counting the first as the more worthy, and there|forefittest for denomination and government. See jacob. Martin. in part.Metaphysic. Sect. 7. Quest. 4.But to come to our Authors instances, Miserere mei, Have mercy of, or [asthe English by their prepositionally noted idiome more properly ren|der it]upon me: We shall by the said observation find it the same as to say, Let my

miser move your mercy to incline towards me. For by those words we mayobserve my misery to be the Causa causae, your mercy the Causa causati; and your in|clining of it towards me to be the Causatum. And so shall wediscern How miser [...] re mei carries the same rationality of expression asPatris or Paterna do|mus. For my misery being come the cause of yourmercy makes your mercy to be mine.I could illustrate this further, not only by the imitation of other languages; asof the French, Pittie du moi, &c. but also by the [...] oman denomi|nation ofthis motion or verb of Mercy from Mi|sery: Misereo, quasi miseriâ afflcior; and Miseri|c [...] rdia, quasi aegritudo cordis ex miseriâ alterius. But 17 I

rather choose yet to explain it by another of our Authors examples: Furtiabsolutus est. Where I also find Furti governed Genitively. In regard that ifthe Prisoner had not first given some cause of suspition, neither Jury norJudge should have sate on him. Wherefore as the absolution is the Causati, and so the prisoners own suspicious demeanure is the Causa Causae: whichproving but a suspition, doth lead the Judge to the absolution as of due be|longing to the suspected. And so doth Absolve govern Furti Genitively,because the suspected having deserved no other, hath entituled himself tothe absolution as his own. And by the like reason be all those fore-hintedVerbs so for|tified.

And as possession doth presuppose acquisition, so doth our Author in thenext place subject it Da|tively; and that by such Verbs as are acquisitivelyposited, which I mention by his his own word in regard he hath thereby saidall; the whole Regi|ment he after musters up being rationally compre|hensible under acquisition. And that likewise by the fore-taught observanceof the remoter cause. For so it comprehendeth loss aswell as profit; si|thence as there is no WHY without a WHERE|FORE; so no man damnifieth



another but in or|der to his own advantage, more then it is possible oneshould give what he hath not re|ceived.As for Verbs moving in order to payments, pro|mises, Negotiations,commands and obsequies, their end is sufficiently expressed by the oldRithme,

So ne do go, and some do runne,But 'tis for money when all is done.18And its observable that this acquisitive inclina|tion of the Verb doth so badgeits governed case, that not only Verbs compounded with the notes usuallypreposited to the governance of other cases do then require this; But alsothat we intelligibly can express the word compleating their sense by no othercase, without the addition of a Preposition; which his fore-cited Lordship ofVerulam notes for a [ Note: Ibid, fol. 262. ] loose, he might have said

pernicous, way of delivery.Its unlimited use (as by our Author instanced) rendring both this and theGenitive cases of the Noun useless Sithence the sense of this case becomesso expressible by Prepositions serving to the Accu|sative; as of the other bythe Ablative: Excepting only when the Preposition tenus noteth possessionwithout desired acquisition; as Aurium tenus, it also handing a singularAblative: as Pube tenus. The misfortune (as we say in English ) being not alla case.However, that it doth not regulate when the ca|sual word is to be expressedby a Preposition, and when according to the inclination or line of the Verb, I

thought requisite to note for a serious de|fect in Grammer, and such as couldscarce be sup|ply'd without a preliminary examination How the infancy, stateand declination of the language did respectively use it.The first (having no books by me that inform) I must guess at from Mr.Robinsons (to our Author annexed) defective Heteroclites; which (leaving theredundant as enough for his Sors and Authorum placita ) I supposedesignedly so pass'd by the re|finers, as a monument to posterity what thelan|guage formerly had been; that so their pains might be the more thankworthy. For did we not 19 know that Carnu was once under that singl [...] termi|nation declined throughout our Authors six Cases (excepting the

Vocative, which no dead Being can stand in, because uncapable of salute)and so no otherwise distinguishable than by Epithets and preposited notes:Lucan's --- Cornus tibi cura sinistri.Had been no elegant expression at all; no more were our Authors Patris orPaterna domus a refined Latin phrase; but for dumo or, as the modern haveit, Casa del Padre of the degenerate Italian.This evinceth that as much of the art of Latine Grammer was plac'd in thevariation of the Nounes Termination according to (though seldom as manifold



as) its cases, and of them after the four inclinations or lines of the Verb; sothe end in both was to heighten the language above the laid prepositedvulgar way of speaking. How far then the design fell short in the projectionbecomes hence considerable.Wherein ere I proceed, I must remind my Rea|der how in the front of thistract I only promised an Essay at the [...] ationality of Speech: If happilysome more literate and ingenious might vouchsafe its fostering to a perfectgrandeur. And on that ac|count shall I here expose such reasons as atpresent to me occur dehortative to this intended banish|ment. The ratherbeing thereto encouraged by the fore-cited Noble Lord [ Note: In mo|tives tohis [...] p. 1. ] where he saith:It is better to give a beginning to a thing that may once come to an end,than with an eternal con|tention and study to be enwrapp'd in those mazeswhich are endless.First then I observe that as the Euphonie of the 20 Southern Languages

consists in a smoothness of delivery, [ Note: See the Pre|face. f. l. 2. ] somust the multiplicity of concurrrent Vowels aswell as Consonants be by thembaulk'd as equally disrellishing. Hence comes it that the French do oftenpronounce a fansied Consonant between; as when insteed of Este il disner? hath he dined? they say Ete til dine? and that the Roman Idiome dothinterpose a Preposition; mine hoast with our Author so answering thatSummâ cum humanitate tractavit hominem.Secondly, That the said lines are but Influx|us Causae; and consequentlyindicating rational rather than material governances. Wherefore I say AmoVirginem, but vado ad eam. And on this account do I suppose that Scaliger

calls the Pre|position by name of [ Note: Motum ad locum. Sca|pul. ] [...] . Itbeing convenient that some expressed note should hand a corporal motion,faculty or posture both in its [ Note: Being or Essence. Essentia est

principium motus saith I. Mart. ] beginning, end and space between theword of Being and word of Sence.As when I say Lateo in sepe. So denoting rest in the Being.Curro è sepe. Shewing the motions progress from it. Or

Propero ad Sepem. Indicating its ad|vance towards it as its formal cause orword of sence.

Cum omne corpus (saith he) aut movetur aut quiescit: opus fuit aliquâ notâquae [...] significa|ret, [ Note: Ibid. c. 157. ] sive esset inter duo extrema,inter quae motus fit: sive in altero extremorum in quibus fit quies.

But (with due reverence to the memory of so renowned a Philosopher) themost absolute need 21 of the Preposition I find to be when I am to men|tion



the whole three joyntly; as saying Salio trans sepem; so at once bothsupposing a rest whence I take my leap; naming the hedge; and tending to|wards a third place as the end of my motion. For these lines in their saidinflux being no other than as imaginary Hierogliphicks cannot possibly indi|cate several ways at once.

Else as one Case is prefer'd to another in go|vernance; so shall we find theunusher'd cases to the Prepositionally noted ones wherever a materialmotion may be reduc'd to a lineal sense: As when I say Dego Lutetiae; rejecting Apud Lutetiam as barre (I will not say barbarous) Latine. And yet Isay Apud forum speaking of some Market even in Paris. For, it's possible Imay be at the market, and yet possess'd of nothing there saleable; thereforedo I hand the condition of that Noune by the Preposition. But since I cannotproperly be said to be at the City without my implying my pro tempore possession of a Being there, I condition thar rather after the circular line of

the Verb, as when respecting the Inhabitants I do it after the oblique; mybeing there so aswell supposing a benefit, were it but to the Tavern and Tay|lor. Or, if my condition be mean, that I must have some way of acquisition tosubsist my said being amongst them. Wherefore I then say Parisiis. As whenI would intimate both the place and Inhabitants joyntly I express my selfGenitively, saying Lutetiae Parisiorum; that of the two being the most worthycasual Position.

Dr. Taylor hath a Rule that (baulking the absurdity of teaching the Latine bythe English Idiome, which in this very particular confounds compleat withimperfect narratives) depends much 22 on the same Phylosophy. [ Note: Seehis Grammar p. 76. ] Saith he[of] after a Verb transitive is alwayes expressed by the Preposition [de] asLoquor de Monarchia.

The reason is that the relation of the Monarchy being not absolute, it fallethshort of a transitive; and therefore being comprehensible by none other ofthe said lines, the casual word must be usher'd by a Preposition.

And so our Authors Mereor cum adverbiis: the desert not reaching the wholeman, the Adverb is used circumstantially to express how well or ill, much or

little; which at most amounting but to a part, leaves the casual word underthe same con|demnation.

Where its further observable that motions tend|ing towards fixt Beings havethe circumstance of their failing more elegantly exprest by a note sup|plyingthe sense both of Adverb and Preposition; as Propè Templum, procul urbe,&c.



Thirdly, I finde the Preposition to be of use when ever the Causa propterquam of a motion is expressible; [ Note: Prepter do|tem. ] as to say, John loveth Joan for her dowrie. The line of the Verb's governance reach|ing but atermino in terminum. And

Fourthly, when the formal cause of a motion is also essicient; the said linesas they indicate ra|tional rather than material governances; so do they theformality, & not materiality or essence of the word of Sense. And thereforesaith our Author Baccharis prae ebrietate: and Terence, è Davo hoca [...] divi; as if he had said, Davus told it me. And the same 'tis when theActive voyce of a Verb be|comes Passive; where instead of John loveth Joan, I say Joan is loved by John; he so becoming an efficient cause of herpassion, as in the second chap|ter of the first part of this discourse hathbeen al|ready shewed.

23These as exceptions premis'd, I suppose our Author might safely proceed,teaching that all Verbs admit an Ablative Case of the Instrument, Cause, ormanaer of an action. As

1 Naturam expellas furcá licet us [...] recurret.2 Invidus alterius rebns macrescit opimis.3 Jam veniet tacito curva senecta pede.As if he had said; The condition of those and the like Ablatives are rationallyobvious without a preposited sign; although the first doth sound alike withthe Nominative, as do the other two like the Dative.For whatever moveth from its material cause not attracted by the formal,doth it weakly; and consequently, in order to assistance, laterally. As isdemonstrable either by a Spider or Cyphon. [ Note: See the Em|bleme. ]Else why cannot the Spider mount directly upwards more than the wine cancontinue its ascending motion through a plain instrument aswell as a la|teralwe such as the Embleme notifies?Sembl [...] bly in those examples, the motion having no attraction from theword of Sense [nature at|tracting its expulsion no more than another mansprosperity can naturally my leanness] must make use of a lateral help toreach it.Aud this the first of the said examples doth in|stance in lenminis: theCategorical word of sense in the two last Being umbrated by the Verb: Ma|cre [...] cit quasi macrum se r [...] ddit. So Senecta ve [...] ict, as if he had saidNos assequetur seu depre|he [...] det.And in like manner do I apprehend the word of Price: Teruncio nonemeri [...] . Something being ne|cessarily understood that is so bought.24



Lastly, Whereas our Author noteth certain un|transformed passives, by himcalled Verbs depo|nent, that govern and Ablative barely without Pre|positionor Categorical word either express or understood: as Fungor, Fruor, Utor.I can no way understand this governance as pe|culiar to their said voyces;while they are also read both with preposited Ablative notes and line|allycasual Accusatives; as of utor Mr. Hollyoake observeth out of Gel. l. 15. c. 13. And therefore do I conceive it proper for these and the like Verbs onlywhen their final cause is incomprehensible by the formal; the casual word soserving as an In|strument, Cause, or Mode; though commonly of a motionother than that it immediately depends on, as in the Ciceronian examplethere produc'd Qui adipisci veram gloriam volunt, Justitiae fungantur of|ficiis: where the motion tendeth finally towards glory; the office being us'dbut as a lateral help to reach it.As for those genitives he noteth as led away from this rule; the offencecannot be impardonable while their Verbs move in order to possession; as,

Hujus indigeo patris, &c,Saving of his excepted Tanti, quanti, &c. which I submit if I may not aswellunderstand adver|bially. Sithence I can finde no reason why Quan|ticun{que} may not b [...] so taken aswell as Quantum|enn{que}; both, andthe rest there cited, being equal|ly circumstantial; and circumstances oftenduly prefer'd to demonstrations, as is Reason to Sense. Whence (althoughthe Commentator scruples it) I conceive the expression was no way belowPe|tronius; while on the fall [ Note: Whence probably our Gallants took uptheir toss glass fashi|on. ] of TRIMALIO'S Cup he thus sung: 25

Heu heu nos miseros quam totus homuncio nil est!Sic erimus cuncti postquam nos auferet Orcus.Ergo Vivamus dum licet esse bene.Neither do I find the like liberty less Emphati|cally taken by the English:Witness that of Dr. Dunne's.

Both good and well should in our actions meet;The wicked is not worse than th' indiscreet.Conclusively, [ Note: 4. Whether the Intro|duction be our Authors I questionnot, since I finde the whole en|tituled by his name. ] our Author in his

Introduction tels us,That Verbs transitives are all such as have af|ter them an Accusative case.He might have added only ] sithence its that go|vernance that makes a verbtransitive.Other Verbs as well governing it accompany'd, as,

Aest mo te bujus.



Do litcras tibi.Imperti [...] Parmenonem salute.Whereas the transitive motion both directly tendeth towards, and centerethin its formal cause; except when it runs as it were through it by govern|ingtwo accusatives: Posce deum veniam so mani|festing a confidence ofobtaining. Whereas we say Veniam Petimus ab ipso. Quia poscimusimperiose; at Petimus submisse.As for the word transitive, I do not remember to have read it elsewhere,save only in Scapula as La|tenizing [...] . The large signification of whosepraeposited part affordeth much of rea|son for the reception of this rule asgene|ral.Or if I derive it from [...] ; and then (either in imitation of the PeripatetickPhyloso|phie, 26 or the historical consideration of the great City in itsvarious respective conditions between the sheep-hook and the Crozier) butform a circle of Cases: I shall find the Accusative, according to its name, just

opposite categorical or adverse to the Nominative.As when I say John loveth Joan; there under|standing the action of lovedirectly transfer'd from John to Joan; and consequently teaching to place

Joan accusatively.Or, thirdly, if I look upon this case as it is the center of the variations of theNoune, because placed in the midst of five; [our Authors six cases makingbut five variations] and then observe the natural intendment of all motiontowards the cen|ter as its final cause or perfection, I must thence concludethis governance as natural as that John should love Joan, and consequentlyunderstand our Author, as telling me, That, naturally, all Verbs do expect the

word of sence should serve Accusa|tively.But sithence that there be also motions of design; such as the circular,[Note: See the Emblem. ] oblique and lateral: and that accordingly someVerbs move in order to possession: others to acquisition: and others tooccasional action. Therefore this rule is to be so understood, as that thethree other forecited may be received by way of Exception.

27CHAP. 3. Of the Declansions of the Word of Being, or Noune

Substantive.

THe third variation of this word of Being is according to its respectiveDeclensions. An accident by which the Latines mainly excell in their fore-noted [ Note: See the preface fol. 2. ] magnum in parvo of speech. Sointelligibly couching the Article under the condi|tion of the Noune, as they dothe person or pro|noune under the termination of the Verb: which compells



them so to vary the terminations of both, declining the first respectivelyafter the five rules mentioned by our Author as followeth.

1. Words Masculine and Feminine terminating in [a] they decline after thefirst rule, as Poeta, Musa, &c. But the neutrals in [a] they decline after the

third, as Dogma.

And the observance hereof is of use to the more ready manifestation of thegender: the Neuter otherwise not so soon occurring, in regard of theiradmittance of such dead Beings as contain the li|ving, among the Feminines,as in the first Chapter of the second part hath been foreshewed.

2. Words Identically Masculine and Feminine ending in [us] or [ius] theydecline after the second rule, as, Cibus, Fluvius, Humus: but words Feminineof quality they decline after the third, as, Salus. And so do they theiridentical Neuters, as, Foedus.

But tropical neuters so terminatin [...] , they de|cline after the second rule.Whence ou [...] Author 28 notes them among the non-crescents, as Virus,Pe|lagus --- &c.

Whereof the first is neutrally decline only in regard its operation so takentendeth towards death; [ Note: Virus. ] yet after this rule; To manifest thatits killing energie is identical to the nature of the thing no otherwise than inrespect of the Dos, and manner of its use: there being otherwise among thethree natural bodies no greater Cordials than such as are prepar'd of Opium,

Viper, and Mer|curic.Th[...] Naturality of the second's declension I can not well unrevel withoutsome elongation of dis|course. [ Note: Pelagus. ] It being a word besideswhich the Latine hath more appellations for the Sea then any other languageI know. Whereof four be most signifi|cant names; viz. Fretum, Mare, Pontus and Aequor.

The first properly signifying Creeks or Ferries, which at ebbing water berough, current, and trou|blous. Whence Fretum quasi fervidum, saith Mr.Hollyoake.

The second signifying all Seas in general;

--- Maria ac terras, caelum{que} ProfundumQuippe ferant rapidi--- [ Note: Aen. 1. ]Saith Virgil of the winds.



Mr. Hollyoake derives the word from Marath of the Hebrews; which Iunderstand not quoad gust|um, as he there insinuates, but quoadtransitum.--- Placata{que} venti dant Maria--- [ Note: Aen. 3. ]Saith the same Author.

The third denominating vast Seas; and so ele|gantly 29 formed ab absentiâP [...] ntis. --- Coelum undi{que} & undi{que} Pontus.Saith the Maronian in his fore quoted book.

And the fourth even or calm Seas; ab aequ [...] . As he elsewhere notes by Aequora tuta silent.

The rest being rather Epithites than names, as Salum, i. e. Salsum.Caerulum, i. e. Caeruleum. Ha|dria. i. e. Hadriaticum. So Oceanus, i. e.Oceanum mare.

Which Epithites and names so amply denoting the Sea in all respects; I knownot what should in|duce them to borrow the only name that the Greek hadfor it [ Note: [...] Pelagus. ] , save for a more strict note of that Greek sideor arm of the Mediterranean, which over against Galatia and upwards,themselves also called Mare mortuum: whether for its mourning colour, orthe deadly fewd betwixt them and the bordering Greeks: Or else from môrmarw of the Brittains (said to have since planted with Brennius their Captainon that Greek side) môr in that language signifying a Sea, and marw still or

dead: that being the stillest (or according to the Brittish idiome, deadlyest)Sea my Countrey-men had e're before crossed: It was rational this new wordof their should be declined neutrally. Yet with like caution as hath been fore-noted of Virus: the sub|stance thereof speaking it no more neuter than Pon|tus.

So Vulgus, as it represents a number of living men, must be Masculine:saving when their joynt stupidity is mentioned with scorn by the more in|genuous. And that Catachrestically beyond the bounds-foot of Dutch Boore,by so much as a living dog can be supposed better than a dead Lion.

30I have dwel't longer on this particular in regard I know not but there may bemore words thus va|ryed or at leastwise variable according to the Poet orOrator's occasion. For, The Gender being but an affection of the Noune,becomes alterable not only according to the use of the thing specified: butalso to the present passion or passionate recepti|on of the same.



Accede ad ignem hanc ---saith Terence in Eunuchus.But I return to our declensions: where the medi|ate Masculines and tropicalFeminines in [us] I observe declinable after the fourth rule, as Potus,Domus, [ Note: Ignorami socius. ] &c. Whereupon if the Question of Pe|dantius in the Play should be renewed, viz. Cur non Potus facit Poti sicutcibus cibi in genitivo? The answer would be, That the first is supposed to be either water or the

juice of vegetives: but the other properly living creatures: as is observed bythe English, while they call nothing meat but flesh.Or if it should he ask'd, Why morbus is declin'd after the second rule, andsalus after the third?The answer were, That the second is but a meer qualitative Being, but thefirst a substantial one. For, (as the learned Capivaccius [ Note: In cap. deP[...] hisi. ] hath it) Omnis morbus est vel vapor vel minera. Thereby

excluding all the pretended diseases ab inanitione: because until there be apeccant matter, as there can be no inequality, so no pain. It being a maximein medi|cine that Dolorisica actio fit à proportione majoris in|aequalitatis. [Note: (a) ]There do also belong to this declension all words ending in [um] and [ir] andlikewise some 31 flourishing Masculine in [er]. Others so termi|nating beingrationally transfer'd to the third rule: as in the next Chapter shall be shewed.But as for our Author's Satur, I cannot finde it substantially posited by anyLatine writer: neither any word so terminating declinable after this rule.The third claiming both that and all other not forementioned terminations

whatsoever: having of late left none declinable after the fifth. Save only themonosyllable Res, and such as terminate in [ies].A fraus bonesta, which I suppose committed in meer order to thequadrupedation of Heroick verse. Plebs after the old way of declining Being,when obliquely casual, thereby comprehensible no other|wise than as themyrabolan nut of the Apotheca|rie's.

Quod nec Virgilius, nec carmine dixit Homerus, Hoc ex unguento constat & ex balano.

32CHAP. 4. Of the sensuality of the casual word: there|fore in thisTract called a word of sence. Also of the declension of the word ofQua|lity.



HAving in the first Chapter of the first part of this Tract shewed that the wordof Being be|comes sensual by mediation of Quality.

And, in the third, that the signification of this Quality can be sensuallyfashion'd no otherwise than as either joyned or inserted to a Being: It re|

mains that the manner of this union be yet further examined.

The Angel in the Text (as checking the over|curious enquiry of Esdras ) issaid to have bidhim measure an handful of wind, [ Note: Esdr. 2, 4. ] and weigh an ounce offire.

A curiosity which the sons of Hermes yet cease not to pursue; By anunwearied attempt to losen the fire from its entitative fixation: that soincorporat|ing it self with the volateeles, it may, by their rule of rotation, sodefaecated, entice those spirits with it inseparably to cohabit Ad

perpetrandum miracula unius rei. [ Note: In Tab. ] Saith that Father.

However this be not commonly known to suc|ceed in the practice: Thepossibility of the work may, happily, appear less worthily ridiculous: If theforecited process be but compar'd with what we may hourly observe incommon converse: viz. How that by declining a word of Being from itsdenomi|native 33 state or condition, the hinges of its other|wise immoveableessence are so shaken, that it be|comes thereby fitted for such a coitionwith incor|poreal quality, as doth rationally advance it to an excellencyenabling its reception or all the ema|nations of Beings whatsoever. Insomuch

that the numberless notions of man are thereby made com|municative;although the quality of the word have no outward appearance therein at all.

As to reinstance: when I say JOHN LO|VETH JOAN; the very Grammaticallycasual position of Joan, as the formal cause of Johns love, sheweth in hersome perfection wanted by John. Whether qua animal for the perpetuation ofhis entity; or also qua rationale, in order to future conveniency of living. Andso John loveth Joan either so fair, young, rich, &c. as his opi|nion shalladjudge most for his own felicity. Which to understand is the summe of allGram|mer Syntax. The question and its answer being alike modable: and all

definitive, sentences either resolving a question already propounded; or ex|pecting their answer, by confirmation, contradicti|on, or desired illustrationfrom the confabulant. So that whatever else can be expressed is but advoluptatem linguae, and on this depending. There|fore I shall endeavour torender it yet more plain and perspicuous: Even by a Fable read of old byDiotima to Socrates Where she feigneth how that as the Gods werecelebrating the birth-day of Ve|nus, Porus the son of Providence and God ofWealth should be there amongst them: and, got drunk, should, as he went



forth to case him, fall asleep at the Gate where Poenia or [...] overty waitedfor an Alms: Which she observing; That the indigency of her conditionovercoming the mode|sty 34 of her sex, should prompt her to allure Porus toa congress, whereby she conceived and brought forth Love; who ever sincehath been a close companion of Venus; because begotten on her birth-feast,as aforesaid,

By the same reason is the word of Sense as in|separable from its invisiblequality. And is the vi|sible, I mean worded Quality or Adjective ever declinedaccording to the substantial naturality of that word: as by our Authors threefirst rules for declension of nou [...] es appeareth: Bonus domi|nus, Bonamusa, Bonum regnum: Tristis Pareus, Triste Cadaver, Faelix natalis; liberMagister, libera Magistra, liberum Magisterium; few or no Adjectivesterminating in [er] being otherwise declinable. Acer, Pauper, Degener andUber so mentioned by our Author, being as often read The first Acris; and

the second, in no meaner Author than Plautus, Paupera. So that these arelittle better than He|troclites; as the third is than a degenerate sub|stantive,viz. a Substantive foyld with a preposi|tion, and so turn'd Adjective degenere; and the fourth being a meer derivative Ube ab Ubere. So alsoproving first that those Substantives in [er] which be declined after ourAuthor's second rule are naturally excelling those that be transfer'd to thethird: [ Note: (a) ] which are either Feminine as Mater; or dividing from theirunity as frater; or else in the declination of the vigour of their Masculine per|fection as Pater.

Secondly, it proveth that our Author's two last rules for declension ofSubstantives were by the refiners of the Latine added. [ Note: (B) ] The oneto distin|guish such words terminating in [us] as they were pleased by theassistance of their Tropes to advance either from their naturali neutrality to35 the Feminine gender, as Domus: or from their muliebrity to the Masculineas Potus: which as it is water should be declin'd Femininely: but in re|gard ofits nourishing use shall be declin'd Mas|culinely; yet after the fourth rule: Inorder first to a distinction between it and an Identical Mascu|line: andsecondly for manifestation of its advan|cing trope.

As for words ending in [U] their Heteroclity pronounceth them but vulgarly

regular; and some|what of a less esteem than the former, in regard they areall Neuters.

The fist of our Authors rules as it was added so was it repeal'd. Thecelebration of Heroick verse having for the most part rendred it imperti|nentif not offensive, as in the foregoing Chapter hath been foreshewed.



Therefore have these rules no Adjective de|clinable after their terminations.The Latine Qua|lity as well in its declensions as gradual ascentions beingstrictly worded after the forecited Phyloso|phie of [ Note: Excellen|tiaTernarii largè vide|ri est apud Gerard. Dorn. in Philoso|phiâ Chem. Trithem.in Ep. ad Gna|um Ger|man. alios{que} Philoso|phorum passim. Viz. in theuses. ] Vertue; though [...] ll three sound alike from vulgar tongues.

Which worthily magnifies the Roman Ingenui|ty in framing their rules so thatthereby words as well as things should bear their witness.

Of which hereafter ---

36CHAP. 5. Of number, with the Arts thereout eman|ing.

THis accident might deservedly have challenged the first place in respect theothers could not be discussed without it: the Genders, Cases, andDeclensions of the Noune being all distinguish|able by vertue of number. Yetbecause of its small use in Grammer Syntax, I thought fit to marshal it herein the arrear of the declension of the Adjective: its multiplication so takenamount|ing to little more than the Adjective's Even and Odd. For as evenand odd cannot stand together in one number; so may not the same numberbe both singular and plurally accounted; the least ad|dition to the singular

rendring it plural; and the most doing no mo [...] . Therefore are we glad toascertain the unities by the addition of a quanti|tative quality, As to say, two,three, four, five, and so to the end of Arithmetick. By the Antients compil'dto an Art according to their four rules of ADDITION, SUBSTRACTION,MULTIPLICATION, and DIVISI|ON.

Which last they extended even to the division of an unity; and so producedtwo arts more: whereof the one they called Geometrie, and the otherAstronomie; the word [...] signifying both number, order, and harmonie: Thelast whereof originally to proceed from the motion of the spheres; andconsequently its knowledge as an 37 Art from the spherical part ofAstronomie, I con|ceive to need no better proof than what Cicero hath leftus in his transcendent tract de [ Note: Legitur inter frag|menta, Ci|ceronis. ]Somnio Scipionis.

Other notes on this accident observeable find I none. Save that custom dothherein oversway both order, nature and reason. As (to say nothing of the[Note: It is known to every one to what case the royal bloods of Portugal is



driven. Los San|gues --- So Don E|manuel in Reasons for his conver|sion, p.8. ] received civil difference between per|sonages in point of extraction)when mentioning the smoak of an hundred Chimneys exhaling, perhaps,from as many respective combustible ma|terials: Or Latinizing all the sandsbetween Callis and Gravellin, I must express my self singu|larly. Whereastraveling but a little further East|ward, I shall finde the damp'd muddwhereon those Towns stand call'd by name of THE UNI|TED PROVINCES OFTHE NE|THERLANDS. An Alleotheta of such parti|cular ornament as I havebut small encouragement to endeavour the disswasion of the English Gran|dees from owning for good genuine sense, by any addition of success myexperience found the con|trary reasoning of their Scaliger to have gained onhis Houghen Moughens there; his words on the place being these.

Terrae divisionem auspicati sunt à familiaribus occupationibus; Et jus ipsam

injuriam apellarunt; Ne{que} enim m [...] lius terra d [...] buit alii atque aliitribui quam aer. [ Note: Ibid. p. 176. ]

I aque natura vindicat sese; & mortuos Tyran|nos non majore tegit tumulo,quam unum ex opressis: sese omnibus aequalem ostendens matrem.

Yet for certain plurally recorded festivals; since on their daies there werealso kept Fairs, Re|vellings, &c. to mention them accordingly, was butrational. As the old Romans did their Floralia, 38 Bacchanalia, &c. No more isit to name the co|acervation of many into one singularly, as populus, pars, &c.

The Species or Shapes, [ Note: [...] . Specus, uns de species. ] and Figures;which are our Author's other accidents of a Noune: finding them of a meerexternal consideration, I pass; as not competent to the intrinsecal design ofthis dis|course.

39Herm'aelogium; The third PART.



CHAP. 1. Shewing the variations and affections of the word ofMotion. And first of its distinguishment by number and person: Alsoof the Verb imper|sonal.

IT descends first from its [ Note: Anher|bhynedig bhôd. Themate primario.So Dr. Das vis, p. 83. ] Infini|tive Essence in order to an affecti|onateconcordancie with the Be|ing whence it proceeds, in num|ber and person: I,THOU or HE; WE, YE or THEY; under whom be comprehended, and by whichare personated the Basis of all motion whatsoever. All Verbs whereby onspeaks to a Being, of whatever 40 Gender, being naturally personable afterthe se|cond. And all by which mention is made of a thing or things (exceptof ones self or of things joyned to himself) being after the third. Where|forethe Latines not only decline the note of the third person as a PronouneAdjective; but also manifest the esteem and singularity of the Being it underthat [ Note: And some|times also the others, as, Ego [...] ste, [...] u ipse, &c. ] person represents, by their triplicit distinction of Ille, Ipse, and Iste: much as the English Thon and You, so much cavil'd at by our zealousTremblers.

Since then every motion necessarily proceedeth from a Being ascomprehensible by these pronomi|nal persons, some or one of them. Itfollows that there can be no such thing as a Verb impersonal strictly taken;more then that there may be Gold without weight and fixation. Whereforeour Au|thor in his Institutions declareth his acceptation of that name in alarger sense: by telling us not of a Verb that distinguisheth none; but that

doth not vary in point of personality.Being declined throughout all Moods and Tences in the voice of the thirdperson singular only.

What might induce the Ancients to the inven|tion of such a Verb, I onlyguess as by comparing exterior organick motions with the mental. Theperfection of the first being in its end; and there|fore thitherward followedby the eye of the Spe|ctator, with avidity more or less, as the motiontendeth towards acquisition: that, in respect of its grandizing faculty, beingappetible equally with Good: as the contrary is avoydable like hurt or Evill.

Hence comes it not only that young fencers com|monly shut their eyes atthe strokes of their [...] , and that we enjoy those pleasures which 41 end inloss with more freedom of delight in the dark; but also do account it afortitude not to contract and guard our eyes if a Hawk should but offer tosowce at our face; although we behold her flight at a fowl with comparativedelight. The like might be instanced by a Shaft or Bowl, &c.



The same 'tis with the Eye of the understand|ing. And therefore when thematerial cause of the motion is most worthy our observation, the Anci|entsmight rationally marshal it in the arrear of the formal; as saying, Oportetmendacem esse me|morem: where the two last words are the Basis ormaterial cause of oportet; which, were they plac'd in the from of thesentence, would render the Verb Personal, [for we also read oporteo ] and sothe attention would be attracted towards menda|cem as the formal cause ofa transitive motion: which were divers from the intent of the sentence; Thememnonic Art being of such necessary use to a Lyar, that without it he couldnever hope to thrive by his faculty.

Thus as the Passive voyce rendreth the proce|dure of its motioncomparatively excelling the Active by meer addition of the letter [R] andtransposition of its extreams, as hath been [ Note: Part. 1. c. 2. ] fore|shewed, doth the fixation of a Verb in this third person with a retirement of

its material cause to the arrear of the formal, declare a vehemency no lessthen superlatively notable.

Which leadeth me to the observation of two like Ceremonies usual inhumanity; whereof the one is our incitation of importunity, or more earnestsolicitation, by a Maiden refusal of what in covert we ambiently affect; likethe Bishops [ Note: Mes erat apud An|glos ut Ar|chiepiscopo promoventi,Episcopa [...] |rus ter (vel ob modesti|am) respon|deret Nolo. ] Nolo; or thatcoy dame of whom Virgil sings: 42Et fugit ad salices, & se cupit ante videri. [ Note: Ecl. 3. ]The other is, our manifestation of respect towards our Confabulant by sopersonating him according to his attributes. Dominatio vestra being thearticle of salute beyond the Seas even between single Gentlemen; which inEngland is in fashion only among the greater Nobility. Except while a Pai|sant, to shew his respective distance, affordeth the attribute of WORSHIP tothe lesser. And to the same end also is the first Person so convertible; aswhen for [I am] we say [Your Servant is]. The dignity of this number beingcelebrated even by our natural unpolished gestures. In that the first andsecond persons of the Verb be aswell digitally as vocally notified; but thisthird person never digitally, saving in order to contempt. so that it was notwithout reason that the old English usurp|ed it for the heightning ofperswasion. As Sir Geoffery Chaucer when representing the Cheat|ingAlchymist

--- Thus said he in his game, [ Note: The Cha|nons yeo|mans tale. ]Stoopeth a down in faith you be to blame.Delpeth me now, as I did you wylere,Put in your hond looketh what is there.



There is another sort of Verb which Mr. Hoole in his [ Note: Page 147. ]Grammar calleth Verbs of an exempt power, as Fulgurat, Tonitruit, &c. These(saith he) (though he is pleas'd to declare the nature of neither) come nearthe nature of imperso|nals.

The neerness I find to consist meerly in their fixation in this Superlativesingularity of the per|son; 43 and that only by vertue of a reciprocality ècontrario. These last, until their causes were known, being apprehended witha kind of timo|rous admiration; and therefore imitating the fore|saidshutting of the eyes.

I heard thy voice in the Garden (said Adam in the Text) and I was afraid anddid my self. [ Note: Gen. 3. ]

From all which I conclude that however I read the third person singular of aVerb Active usurp'd; I am thereby to understand a vehe|mency; yet notequal with our Authors imper|sonals, unless also the Basis be post-positedas aforesaid.

The Verb Impersonal of the Passive Voice I observe to vary from the sense ofits personality only while it fixeth our observance to it self; just as the fore-quoted noble Chaucer doth by a per|sonal Active, where [ Note: In Assem|bly of fowls. ] he thus singeth:

As from awd ground MENSAITH com|eth Corn fro yeer to year.So from a [...] d Books, by my faith, commen all new Science that men lere.

The Spoke though singular being so ren|der'd more considerable than theplurality of the speakers.

44CHAP. II. Of the Conjugations of the Latine Verb.

THe main end of this and the following varia|tions, as Roman, being [ Note:

In Preface fol. 2. ] already manifested. It remains that their respective bothnatural and vocal inclinations be now examined.

The first whereof useless in vulgar tongues, which for the most part expressthe Mood and Tense by preposited notes, The Latines, doing it by theirvarious shaping of the Terminations, were therefore forc'd, as for thedeclining of their Noun, so of their Verb, to invent Rules varying by alike



reason, according to the sound and nature of the word; which rules theywere pleasd to make known by name of CONJUGATIONS.

Whether by a Metaphor à Con ugio in regard that without these theconjugated Pronoun cannot be made a femme covert (as our law renders it)

Iscruple not.

Only observe that as all Active Latine Verbs do terminate either in [o] [co] or[io] the [...] of the language noteth no more Conjuga ions i & thenceconclude our Authors third Conjugation to be [even as the [ Note: Part. 2. c.4. (B). ] forementioned two last Declensions of the Noun] added, meerly fora distinguisher of such Verbs as, by the same or like sor [...] d, convey adifferent signification; whereof the significator of the most worthy actionterminating in [o] shall be of the first, and the less worthy shall be of thethird Conjugation. As for instance, That word [ Note: Lego. ] by which ourAuthor exemplifieth this Conjugation we also read declinable after the first.But sithence 45 To set a house in order, or to perform an Embassie beactions so far transcending Reading, Stealing or gathering of hearbs;although the language presents all alike; yet its no small demonstration ofits curiosity that the word is diversly conju|gated.

And as Verbs declinable after this Conjugation do, on this and such like anaccount, descend to the third; so do others of the fourth ascend to it. [ Note: How genu|inely then some Au|thors do confound the Infini|tive of both Isubmit. ] As for example: They properly decline Cupio after the fourth; inregard it denotes want: but Capio because it expresseth the recovery or en|

joyment of a thing fore-wanted [although it also ends in [io] they strictlydecline after the third; which moreover I observe so placed, because

--- Facile est descensus Averni;Sed revocare gradum; bic labor ---

Notwithstanding I find that some Verbs deri|vative from Nounes tetminatingin [io] stick not in their ascent even to the first Conjugation: as, Somnio from Somnium, &c. And on that score have we also some Ver [...] sterminating in [eo] so conju|gated, as Calceo from Calceus, &c.

Contrarily Eo, queo, veneo do descend to the fourth. So by their Conjugationas well as Form proclaiming their Heteroclity: though not de|fect: as aio,Cedo, Salve, &c.

46



CHAP. III. Of the Moods and Tenses.

THe Conjugations lead me thirdly to the Moods; which are modes, shapes orfaces of the Verb carved according to the inclination of the minde for the

stating of a motion under a certain time.Of whose nature or product finding so full an account rendred by the learned[Note: Ibid c. 114 ] Scaliger, I shall not shew my self so much a Plagiary asto insert it otherwise than as the sense of his more able pen, whichsummarily is:

That all things which act must needs be quali|fied with an appetible energieor power to desire: that being the cause of motion as PRIVATI|ON is of It;and whatever it be that desireth, doth it either inconsiderately by a certain

natural propension, such as is the fires to burn, &c. or else advisedly.

Which last sort o [...] esire standeth equally in|clined to two contraries; as aman's either to walk or not. In which also there must be a cer|taindeliberation; that is, an affection of the mind freely reasoning this election;whether pro or con makes no difference. Sithence he that dis|swadeth dothperswade not to do.

Whence it was necessary that things thus done should be declared by aparticular shape, face, or figure of words. Therefore things just now donethey called Indicative or Definitive. Things to be done before this election, oron it depending they called con or Subjunctive. Things absolute 47 or no waydepending and yet in the power of another they distinguished; calling a voteto|wards a greater Optative; and towards a lesser Imperative.

Lastly, whereas certain Verbs do barely express the will, power or Inclinationof the agent: as, vo|lo, cup [...] o, vadeo, &c. The object of those are ex|pressible either simply, or else under time: thus, Volo cibum, cupioimperium, video cursum. Meat being simply objected to the will; Rule to thedesire; and the course or race to the sight.

But if I were to manifest these objects under time and action joyntly: thenwere I forc'd to find out some word that might express the actionInfinitively: that is, without Positively defi|ning either; as to say: Volocomedere, cupio im|perare, video te currere. Which infinitive way ofexpression cannot yet properly be called a Mood; sit [...] ence no inclinationof the mind is by it mani|fested.



Thus far Scaliger. So comprehending first the questioning Mood of theAncients under the Posi|tive, Definitive or Indicative. Secondly, the Hor|tative under the Imperative; and thirdly, exclu|ding the Infit [...] tive asaforesaid.

Dr. Taylor and Mr. Hoole (whose pardon I shall not despair of, if I transgressthe mode by quoting them in their dayes, when they know that scrib|lingthis at my paternal hermitage in Glamorgan|shire, besides their and thefore-cited, I had the sight of no track on this Subject) Although out ofcompliance with our Author they retain the In|finitive, yet make but oneMood of the Optative, Potential and Subjunctive. And in my opinion astolerably. For if Scaliger couldmaintain his ex|clusion for want of a power toparticularize a tem|poral 48 inclination of the minde: why might not theytheir reduction, [ Note: See the de|finition. ] all three being expressibleunder one figure or face?

Besides that the two last are not essential to the Philosophy, butmultilocution of a sentence, viz that thereby two sentences might beexpressible at once. The sound of the Potential Latine Mood, when single,being alwayes expressed by the addi|tion of Possum, Volo or Debeo. And theSubjun|ctive elsewhere quot [...] d by Scaliger, (and that as the sense of anAncient) to be Nonita dictus quia subjungeretur, sed quia subjungeret. Soimplicit|ly confessing its defect, until another be joyned to it.

The same might be said of the Potential; which, so placed, as it intelligiblycomprehends Possum, &c is thereby made capable of the name. So that asthe Optative Mood is known by its Ad|verb; and the Subjunctive by itsconjunction; the Potential is manifested by its Subjunctive of|fice, withouteither Adverb or Conjunction there|to joyned, under the face of an Optative.

But whether the Subjunctive deserves the honor of the name, as Mr. Hoole. Or the Po|tential, as Dr. Taylor; Or the Optative added to the Subjunctive, asScaliger. Or since we can well explode neither with preservation of thelanguage from its ancient barbarity, whether it be not safest to retain themall as we find them ranked by our Author, I shall not undertake to determine.

Only observe that the first intention of Lan|guage in and by the whole, butteacheth mo|dably to question, define, require, perswade or wish accordingto the three formal differences of time whether present, past, or to come.

The sub-division of the time past into [Did] 49 [Have] and [Had] appearingto have been in|vented on the same account with the three last notedMoods. The Ictus or nick of time being of such quickness as preventeth ournotice. So that fitst; To say an action is imperfectly passed is the same as to



say It is passed and not passed. Where|fore the exactest Latin Writers haveused both promiscuously.

So that as for Virgils authority cited in mainte|nance of the contrary, wherehe sings

Hìc Templum Junoni ingens Sidonia DidoCondebat --- [ Note: Aeneid. 1. ]On which our Author comments Erat enim adhuc in opere. I conceive ourAuthor is there to be understood Cum grano Salis, even as is the Poet. Towhose design then in hand, I think I need not be thought at all to derogatefrom his known me|rit, if I allude a note of Ben. Johnsons, viz. That

---Poet never credit gain'd,By writing truth, but things like truth well fain'd.

Chronologers agreeing that Troy was taken in the third year of HABDON, Judge of Israel. [ Note: See Hel [...] . ] And a Monument, yet remaining nearold Carthage, shewing that the builders or fortifiers of the place were of thesons of Anack, who had thither fled from the face of that great Robber: Sothey call'd Joshua the son of Nun.

Yet the cause of the first Punic war being by [ Note: See Sir Walter R [...] |leigh 's Hist. of the world. l. c. c. 5. ] Historiographers rendred as scarsehonorable on the Roman side; It might be allowable in Virgil so to representboth that Queen, Place and En|tertainment. To the end that, Aeneas hisdesertion being once believed to have been by an especial [ Note: Aeocid[...] ] command from Jupiter, he might thereon state a 50 Theme for such aTract on that war as should much vindicate the reputation of hisCountrymen. For, As the Greeks, waging against them as Trojans for theirusurpation of a Lady, prevailed. The Carthaginians, grounding their quarrelagainst them as Romans on a cause contrary, might by the same Justice berender'd Authors of their own ruine. And thence might he conclude with veryseasona|ble dehortatives from effeminacy; and in|citements to aperseverance in that prowess which already had deified their Caesars.

But be it as the Poet there fansieth. It appear|eth that it was the verse andnot the imperfection of the building that invited him to that expressi|on. Thewords following being---Donis opulentum & numine Divae.Otherwise I submit it whether he might not have expressed himself byCondidit as properly as Cicero could write ad Atticum, [ Note: 4. --- adAttic. ] that Postridiè manè ad eum vadebat.



Secondly, To say it is more then perfectly passed is as to add to perfection.Besides that HAD (except in certain English expressions of the havingmotion, as I had, would have had, &c.) is of no use in a single sentence; Andtherefore cannot be more then as a Verbial Conjunction of pass'd acti|ons.

Nevertheless in order to the foresaid design in Elocution, we shall find boththese Carabines of the Pretertense to be of excellent and precise use. As If Iwere to say, When I had spoken I sate down. It were as if I had said Did fit. But in case the expression of the Action were to antecede the Subjunctivedeclaration, then HAVE would 51 be as proper. As to say: He spoke as hehad been an Oracle, i. e. Did speak or hath spoken. And if I were to beginwith the supposition; Then were I to express the following actionPerfectively; as to say: Had he been au Oracle he could not have more trulyspoken. Which sense in the Latine must sound Preter-perfectively. As; Siadesset Apollo, rectius loqui non potuisset.

Where its observable that in that language the anteceding supposition isexpressible by the Preterimperfect as well as the Pluperfect tense, but neverby the Perfect: adfuerit, in that place, sound|ing more like the Future tense.

So that the conveniencie of these and such like connections advise us hereto understand Plus not as it comes from [...] Plenius; but from [...] multus

And so may we admit of this Preterpluper|fect tense; as being a Tensebesides, or rather by the side of the Perfect, expressing something more:that is; somewhat else suffered or done before.

52CHAP. IV. Of the Participial Variation of the Verb.

THe Participle I take for a sort of Motus per ac|cidens or a moving Quality.The Verb so coming adjectible to a Being for manifestation of its qualities inorder to Action or Passion, and that in point of time either present or tocome.

I say ADJECTIBLE: in regard it must then adhere to the Substantive in allrespects like the Adjective after whose Termination it is de|clined.

I say IN ORDER TO ACTION OR PASSION: To distinguish it from a NounAdjective; whose part is to express the quality of the Being in order toperfection; under which I comprehend Good and Evil, as all other qualitiesunder them.



I say IN POINT OF TIME: To di|stinguish it, not only from the VerbialAdjective, as; Tempus edax rerum; which, if I convert to a Participialexpression, must be Edens res; But also from Participial voyces and Nouns.That is: Not the Gerunds, so called by our Author. But Participles that be soonly Vocally. As when I say: A Loving man: The word Loving is a plain Vo|cal[Note: The same is Caredig & Caradwu in the Brit|tish. ] Participle; therebeing no such Adjective in the Language.

Or when in Latine I say Legendis veteribus; le|gendis being Vocally a passiveParticiple of the Future tense.

53Yet in regard, thus posited, those no [...] ifie no time, they are in sense nomore then Adjectives.Wherefore our Author teacheth,That a Par|ticiple taketh part of a Verb, as Tense and Signi|fication.As if he had said: The Vocality cannot make a compleat Participle, unlessalso it hath re|lation to a Tense.Which, lastly, I have here confin'd to either PRESENT or FUTURE; to manifestthat all Qualities must be understood of Beings either Actual or Potential;Sithence a third distinction of Being is not to be found in Nature. And con|tingencies, whether complex'd or incomplex'd, be|ing but Vel praesentia velfutura. So Jacob. Martin. in part. Met. Sect. 10.Thereby clearly excluding our Authors Praeter|tense Passive. And, in myconceit, justly. For, in confirmation of Martins said Philosophy, I observe thatthis Preter-participle doth not answer our Authors definition.First in respect that, in single sentences, it doth not take, but is part of aVerb. Although the Verb or Verbial part of the word be not alwayes ex|pressed. As in that example by our Author produced out of Virgil. Nunc oblita mihi tot [...] armina---As if he had said, Oblita sunt, fuerunt vel fuere.Secondly: That in multilocutorie or compound expressions the time is notnoted by it, but by the following Verb. As when I say Lustratus urbem rusibam; or ibo. The latter (being the same in sense, as if I said Postquamurbem lustratus fuero, rus tho ) doth manifest that the time in the former isnot specified by Lustratus; but by the Verb tham.54Wherefore I submit to my more judicious Rea|der whether I may not hereclose with the Rythme. (I think it be Sir William Davenants. )

Think no more on what is past,Since time in motion makes such hast.



It hath no leisure to descryThe Errors which it passeth by.Thus also becometh the Participle of so covert a cognizance, but most to theLatine liberty of posi|tion; whereas the Northern languages, having the leastradical dependance on the Roman, do mainly so manifest it [ Note: Viz. Byranging their words according to their pecu|liar signifi|cation. ] yet after therespectively different Idioms following.The English always placeth the Adjective in the van of the Substantive; andthe Participle in the arrear either of the Substantive or Verb: as when theysay: A good man loving vertue liveth up|rightly. The word Loving issufficiently known to be a Participle meerly because placed after theSubstantive man, and not before it as the Adjective Good. And rationally: Amain use of the Parti|ple being by the Omission of a Conjunction to bringtwo motions that accidentally proceed from one Being expressible also byone sentence.

As for further instance: To read and to write are different actions. Yet itspossible they may at once proceed from the same Agent: At which time,insteed of I write and I read, I may, so, more concinly say that I writereading.So a good man may be a bad Citizen. But when both capacities well qualifieddo meet in one per|son: whereas verbially I must have said, That good manloveth vertue and liveth uprightly; I may participially express all by onesentence, say|ing: 55 That good man loving vertue liveth, &c.The same position have all the languages coming from the Schlavonic andHigh-dutch which I have heard sundry Gentlemen of those Countries main|

tain to be originally but one. Those that were otherwise minded everdisputing the antiquity of tother language.Contrarily the Brittish (being a language of more reality then complement)as it alwayes placeth the Substantive in the front (it being non|sense tothem to prefer accidents to their sub|stances) so, when the casual word isregular without a preposited note, doth their participial sense follow theAdjective like a middle gerund of the Latine: Gwr da yn caru rhinwedh, &c.I. e. Vir bonus in amando virtutem. (En aimant saith the Frenchman. )

An Idiome fully ratified in the sense of the fore-quoted flower of Leyden where he saith; [ Note: Iul. Seal. ib. l. 1. c. 143. ] Medium gerundiorumservat vires participii: Sed tanto apti|ore modo quanto superabantur à

participiis verba.

But we must, with [ Note: In prafat. ad Ethic. ] Dr. Case, confess that RuinaBangoriensi gloria Walliae nebulata fuit.



Ah! Sceler oedh y [ Note: Saxon, Schelum. ] Scholan,O'r Twr daflu'r Llyfrau'r tán.

The like position have the languages deriving from the Brittish: as JaithGerniw and Jaith Lu|daw; i. e. The Cornish and the Armoric, commonly

called Little Brittaine; which, as Mr. Cambden af|firms, was the ancient nameof Ireland. Where (saith [ Note: In descrip. Hyberniae. ] he) the Brittsh language wasspoken until they were over-run by the Spaniard.

A verity, which, at my being in that Isle, I could discern more by the namesof some places there, 56 then any thing in the language; excepting only thisposition. The said sentence being by them thus rendred.

For mach yn gra du S [...] elki i gamacht gy direcht. i. e. Vir bonus ex amorevirtutis expres è, seu sine do|lo, se gerit. The Substantive GRA, so placed,being their Succedaneum both of Participle and Gerund.

CHAP. V. Of the variation of the Verb into Gerund and Supine.

THe Gerund I find with our Author going un|der a twofold cognizance: viz. Inhis Intro|duction by name of a voyce belonging to the Infi|nitive Mood; andin his Institutions by name of participial voyces.

My apprehension is that by his first appellation he chiefly meaneth the thirdGerund; as by his second he notes the other two; but more pre|cisely themiddle its sense being clearly partici|pial, excelling only in that it relates tothe action rather than the person acting; whereas the first, substantially,expresseth the essence of a mo|tion in a middle way between a participleand a Substantive; being fortified in its governance according. to the rules ofthe Genitive of a Sub|stantive, after Adjectives or Substantives; as a verbialaction proceeding from a Being either qua Being, or qua so qualified: as;

Amor ha|bendi, certuo eundi, i. e. Aeneas certus eundi.

57As for our Author's design in converting this Gerund to an adjectiblesignification by his Virgili|an Authority of--- Generandi gloria mellis:I must submit whether that seeming Gerund be other than as one of theparticipial voices fore|mentioned. For were it a Gerund, then should it be



govern'd as the action of Gloria; and must also govern mellis accusatively.Our Author's own rules teaching thatParticiples, Gerunds and Supines do govern by such cases as do the Verbsthat they come of.A domination beyond the verge of those participial voices, in regard theydenote no time, as aforesaid.Which I instance, to ease may readers memory from the trouble of conningthose many substan|tives our Author in his Introduction observes to requirethis Gerund instead of the infinitive mood. That rule amounting to no morethan as if he had said: When ever the essence of an action proceed|eth asout of the possession of a Being, it is more emphatically express'd by thisGerund than either by its Verb, or Substantive. Amor habendi Cecropias apes sounding with more vehemency, than either apes possidere, or possessionisapum. So also do we say Otium scribcndi literas, rather than Scribere, litera|rum scripturae, or Scriptionis; although the Eng|lish seldom express this

otherwise than by the sound of the Infinitive Mood.Yet sithence sometimes, as well as to write, they manifest their leisure ofwriting. Dr. Taylor, [ Note: Pag. 9 [...] . ] to an English translator, gives anexcellent note to this particular, viz. thatThe English of the Infinitive Mood, or the Participle of the present Tensewith|out 58 a Substantive coming after an Adjective, or Substantive whichgovern a Genitive with the sign [of] is put in the Gerund in [di]. And (saith he again)The English of the Participle of the present Tence coming without aSubstantive, and following an Adjective, Verb, or Participle with the sign [of]

or any sign of the Ablative Case, is made in the Gerund in [do] with orwithout a Preposition.To which [for I pretend not to much reading; and therefore in rules takenfrom observation, do wholly submit to more literate heads] I only add: Thatpreposited signs being badges of the vulgari|ty of a language (and thereforeindustriously avoided by the Latine, [ Note: Part 2. c. 2. ] as hath been fore-shewed) may be suspected to have crept in hither with the familiarity ofcommon converse. The original Latine design, by these and the followingvariation of the Verb so meerly tending to the heightening of their Idiome,not probably admitting of such al|laies.

And this our Author tacitly observes, while for their governance he pickethout Authorities free from those clogs: as,

Efferor studio videndi paren [...] es.Defessus sum ambulando;Utendum est aetate.--- Scitatum oracula PhaebiMittimus ---



Where the Poet, to avoid the said vulgarity, choos|eth the voice of a Supinefor his expression of a Gerundian sense.This third Gerund only transcending the Infini|tive Mood by stating the causealong with the acti|on: 59 which our Author confirms teaching: that,The English of the Infinitive Mood coming after a reason, and shewing thecause of a reason is put in the Gerund in Dum.Yet Scaliger takes liberty to extend that faculty to the whole three: Saying,[Note: Ibid. ] Quoniam causam ge|rundia statuunt, idcirco plus indicantquam verba aut participia; His end thereby probably being their Pass underthe same rationality of appellation. Gerundia quia rerum gerendarumcausam unà indicant. In order whereunto (this compleating the num|ber)what in special belong'd to it, I conceive, he might lawfully attribute to thewhole three, by a Synechdoche à retrò.Whatever may excuse me for this reduction of our Author's parts of speech:Besides my igno|rance why a Gerund should not be accounted a part of

speech as well as a Participle: It being con|fessed to indicate more; and aswell known to de|cline into, and [ Note: Declinatio est Tractio dictionis percasuum se|des. So Dr. Davis. p. 60. ] caroch among, its prescribed Con|ditions or Cases.Unless that finding both Participle, Gerund and Supine to be but so manyvariations of the word of motion, I may be adjudged pardonable while I socomprehend them.Conclusively noting, that as this Gerund doth out-do the Infinitive Mood, bystating the cause along with the action:So doth the Supine transcend it; First in point of Confidence; and secondly,

of security.Confidence: In that it expresseth future actions as if they were already cometo pass. As when I say Venio ad pagnandum: I thereby manifest a futureTence. But when I express my self by Pugnatum, the futurity appeareth socertain as p [...] sent. Dictum puta saith Socia in Terence. And rationally, inre|gard 60 all natural motions, the nearer they approach their end or center,move more swiftly; and con|sequently more vigorously. The apprehension ofwhich strength must necessarily introduce confi|dence: and that, security;as the end or perfection of the motion.So that as the first Supine intimates the said mo|tion in viâ: the other doth

it in fine. Venio Pugna|tu, expressing the business so done, that for the fu|ture I may rest securely.Wherefore Scaliger observes how that the Poet describes Melibaeus as aperson strugling with For|tune, [ Note: Ibid. Virgil. Ec|log, 1. ] and managinghis aff [...] irs with more courage than good luck: And Tylyrus lying under theshade supinely.Yet he remains dissatisfied with the Quare of the word; slighting Theodors [...] as too mean, U [...] Latinis auribus satisfiat: those are his words.



My sense is, that a higher reason for it is not to be found below the Moon:[...] signifying carelesly or securely, as well as with the face up|wards. Andthat posture naturally following secu|rity as the effect doth the cause.Wherefore the muscle moving the eye upwards Anatomists do readSuperbus, and that in the sense of Noble or Excellent: and but deservedly;as is easily demon|strable by a Land-skip. I mean, when we view any placewith our head between our legs, or otherwise inverted. For so shall we findthe appearance of the same object excelling even to admirati|on.Hence comes it that when men have once forti|fied themselves with asettled fortune of wealth: they naturally look upwards.A Gentleman of the first head [except while the Spaniard swell's in being theson of his own 61 right hand] seldom known to refuse the Herauld, morethen the Nobles of Rome could Virgil after he had so solemnly sung theirextraction from [ Note: Aen [...] id. 6. ] Elyztum: And Caesar's from the Gods,---Deus nobis haec otia secit. [ Note: Eclog. 1. ]

Most acceptably compounding the delinquency of that Antonian.And thus as security banisheth care, doth it ad|mit fansies restinguible in nolower a sphere.A Naturalism well known to the Aegyptian; his reprehension of the Hebrewsimporting, They were Idle, Proud, Secure and Careless; [ Note: Exod. 5.8. ]therefore they said, Let us go Sacrifice.So much for the name and nature of the Supine, which I confess doth notsatisfie our Author's last, which follow Adjectives: and he would have under|stood passively Neither know I well how the end of a motion may be sorendred. It being analogi|cal to a Physical Ret. And say the Metaphysicks,

Finis & effici [...] ns entitativè ejusdem sunt perfectionis. The only differencebeing that Essentia est quod dat esse rei, & est primum principinm motus. So Jac. Mart. in part Met. Sect. 13.Shall we then, with the fore-quoted Phylosopher, [ Note: [...] cal. ibid. l. 7. c144. ] exclude those as being nominals, rather then ver|bial Supines?[Vocatu Drusi, saith he in the same place, i. e. Vocatione: facile expugnatu, i. e. expug|natione. ] Or may we not rather take them at the rebound? i. e. with such motions as in their end meet with resistance and so becomepassive? For then the difference will not be great whether we deduce themfrom the Noune, or the Infinitive Mood of the Verb. The Supine being to the

Verb much as is the Adverb to the Noune. Sithence as 62 from Homo wehave Humanus, Humaniter, and thence Humanitas. So from voco, or rathervocare, we have vocand, vocando, vocandum, vocatum, vo|catu. Where themotion end's, unless we begin again with vocatio.So vocatu, in its passive reception, standing be|tween vocatio and vocari; [that voice admitting of no Gerund by reason of the impossibility that Ishould have more than a guess at the cause of mo|tions than proceed fromanother towards me.] Why may not the motion as well be fansied to rebound



so far: especially our Author noting it, facile factu or facile fieri? Which beingbut a nicity like the mincing of Cummin attributed of old to Antonius Pius; and of small use, even by the La|tines themselves, [ Note: Dion, in Ant.pium. ] other than to have gradual waies to express the same sense by, I sopass.

63Herm'aelogium; The fourth PART.

CHAP. I. Being a transient disquisition of the state of our Author'sfour unde|clined parts of Speech; with their Concomitant Mutes; andlastly of the Bronoune.

OUr Author's other four parts of Speech being of the same conside|ration, asis before expressed of his Shapes and Figures: [ Note: Part 2. c. 5. ] Iconceive it scarce modest for a person of my small reading, to the sedulouscollections and observations of the forecited Gentlemen hereon, toattempt aSupplement. Yet least it be objected that I might by the same rea|son 64have passed the Adjective; It, although decline|able, of it self signifying aslittle: and therefore as unworthy to bear a part, much less a Principle, in

speech.I must add, That notwithstanding it may justly be said of i [...] as Virgil sungof his usurped verses:Sic vos non vobis---Yet that it is of an intrinsecal consideration, as be|ing analogical to Privation: which is such a Prin|ciple in nature, without which as MATTER cannot receiveform: So [ Note: Privatio & ma [...] eria [...] dem sunt Re & Ratione. See Com.Magyr. l. 1. c. 2. ] Being cannot so subsist. Therefore that QUALITY, soconsidered, is no way inferiour to BEING. But together with it as the same *.

I say together: as finding the separation, I mean the decision of what it is init self, and what to us, to have puzled as able [though I must con|fess Iaffirm it much as a blind man judging of col|ours] a [ Note: Sir WalterRaleigh in his Sceptic. ] Penman as that Age had in Eng|land.

But these be only extrinsecal appendants to the first mentioned parts orprinciples of Speech; as meer notes either of their connection, temperament,



or circumstance. And this our Author seems to in|form us of by his calling ofthem UNDE|CLINED. Declension and Rise in condition be|longing properly tothe Lord, [ Note: See his Grammer, p. 261. &c. ] and not the Lacquey. Whichservilety of theirs is further probable, in that the governing power Mr. Hoole attributes them is not of themselves; but of the Being, Motion, or Qualitythey so personate or usher. As is exem|plary: First by the Adverb; whichsuppose in|vented in order to this threefold use, viz.

1. The abbreviation of Sentences.

652. The gradation of incompatible quantites and qualities. And3. A prescripion to the innumerable circum|stances of Action, Time and Place1. In the first employment I observe its note to be sometimes rude, andsometimes conformed. Whereof the first do notifie things present; [ Note: (a) ] (and that commonly with the assistance of some exterior sign orgesture) and do govern by vertue of the Noune or Verb they so obumbrate,as: En quatuor aras. That is, Vide nunc. Behowld; saith the Englishman.But in case there be two several Verbs couched under this note: and that theVerb in the follow|ing sentence expressed be of the same sort with the lastunderstood; then doth the Adverb govern as by that expressed Verb isrequireable. For example: En Priamus, sunt hìc etiam sua praemia laudi. Asif he had said, Vide nunc, Priamus hìc est; sunt hìc etiam sua praemia laudi. Whereas if the Verb sunt had been absent, the expression must have beenEn Priamum, sua{que} praemia laudi.The word of motion vide, in the person of the Adverb, there governing: as inthe tother the go|vernance proceeds from the Verb of Being.Which manifests the Adverb to be but a meer substitute: besides that sic, and such other Adverbs as have no representative power either of Noune orVerb, dare not aspire to that eminence.2. The conformed Adverbs of this use are numberless, in regard of thenearness of this notes relation to the word of Being. But the go|vernance isever on the same account; as, Pridie Calendarum: i. e. Priori die.Calendarum being there genitively governed as the latter of two Sub|stantives.66Or if I say Pridie calendas. It will be the same as Dics prae, or antc calendas.i. e. the day just or directly before. And therefore is Calendas govern|edaccusatively: the straightness of the motion in the space between itsextreams being so noted by the proposition.2. The second sort of Adverbs are alwaies ex|pressed along with theQualities they so explicate; as, Valde bonus, minis longus, egregie



impudens, &c. and therefore do they not govern at all; the command of theOfficer being so excluded by the presence of the Lord.3. The other speciously governing Adverbs are generally a sort of dethronedAdjectives; so offi|ciating in order to their like manifestation of the accidentsof the Verb, as while Adjectives they did of the Substantive. And thereforedo we say Similis cantus; but similiter c. nit; and doth our Author note thatcanit similiter buic; quia (saith he) Dativum adm [...] tunt nominum undededucta sunt. And so of the rest according to the respective casualgovernance of the Noune or Verb whence they proceed.Their pretended governance of Verbs our Au|thor mentions with so manyInterdum's as evinceth its subjection to the reason of the delivery; nei|thercan I understand his conjunction of similaty and dissimilary Cases, Moodsand Tenses other|wise.The Proposition I confess our Author himself somewhat seemeth to promoteto a governing state, while he teacheth that Praepositioni accidit casuum

regimen; but he adds, S[...] ve constructio. As it he had said, Earumregimen, si vis, constructi|onem, [...] , i. e. orationis structuram appelles. That being the end of their position before other 67 parts, as hath been fore-shewed: [ Note: Part 2. c. 2. ] And [that I may not seem either to expoundour Author, or contradict such as positively affirm the said gover|nancealtogether on my score] I find tacitly rati|fied by my fore-quoted Countrey-man Joannes Davidas Rhaesus [known in England by name of DoctorDavies; and in Italy by a Tract he there writ in the Florentine Idiome destructu [...] á Latini Sermonis ] who in his Institutiones Cym [...] aecae, orLatine Welsh-Grammer, where he mentions these governances, hath no such

word as Regunt; but nectuntur, u [...] ctunt, serviunt; respectively discour|sing of the Adverb, Conjunction and Preposi|tion. The same I also find in Dr.Taylor 's, viz. The first joyned, the second joyning, and the third serving.As for the Interjection: To ascribe it a regular governance, were to confoundit with a Paren|thesis. And therefore doth our Author note it ad Placitum.O fostus dies.

O fortuna [...] os nimium.

O formose puer, &c

It rather governing its concomitant Mute; and so from an imperfect, scarceworded, voice be|coming the most absolute ornament of Speech.

As those who have received their education from the sedulous Lectures ofAcademick Profes|sors can amply witness: And recommend as wor|thy ofingenious consideration, and publick. Were not these gestures in mostCountries singu|lar; and therefore best attainable by observation of theirattractive effect on the attention of re|spective Auditories.



As I remember once merrily hinted at by a no less grave than ingenionsPreachet in Leyden; who 68 to satisfie the importunity of a young Divine ofhis acquaintance, having lent him an elaborate and, in that very place, oftenapproved Sermon to be delivered by this Candidate In order to his ad|mission into the Pastorship, but not taking, had no shift to disabuse my newLevite, other than by perswading him That the fault lay in his own for|getfulness, that he had not borrowed his Bow as well as his Fidle. Both,indeed, proceeding from the same root: As may be instanced by a Bowler.Whom we shall ever see shouldering, puffing, stamping, or drawing back, asthe condition of his cast seems devious.

But if he finds it equally running its right mea|sured ground: Then, he eitherdirectly followeth, or stedfastly look's on, as in his posture of con|fidence.

That these Gestures (though accompany'd with, or proceeding from, neverso strong incina|tions of an unfascinating mind) can either take from, add to,or otherwise direct the motion once passed the Gamesters hand, I shall notsuspect.

Yet having often laugh'd at them in others, and endeavour'd to forbear themmy self, but with more i [...] ksomness than success, I cannot but think themnatural.

Especially while I observe the same, compa|rably, to hold with the Orator.And that accord|ing to the perfection of his language. Which as it doth leastmultiply its attendants with these notes, or (that I may not causlesly vary

from our Authors language) parts of Speech; so requireth is fewer outwardsigns for its ornament. For ex|ample: The Latine Adverbial note Olim, signify|ing a rassed as well as future time. The note cum, used both fo anAdverb, Conjunction and Prepo|sition: 69 As it serves either to declare thesignifica|tion of a Verb; to joyn sentences; or else as a preposited badge tothe Ablative case of a word of Being. Whereas in vulgar languages its senseis expressed by notes severally differing according to the said respectiveimployments.

And hence probably comes it that the Spanish Reel or French Shrugge be not

yet fashonable among the Italians: whose discourses they render no lessmagnetick by the interjection of certain nodds, stops, and change ofcountenance; which, the word Blush being too young, I want expres|sionfor; [ Note: The Flavour is still the Flavour. ] Other than (as we say of theFlavour of Wine) that they are becoming the gravity of an Italian.

Whether there be any Books writ on this sub|ject, I am not certain. Butobserve that, before the use of Bandstrings, this gravity hath been emu|



lated by the English. The noble Chaucer, as he en|comiat's the deportmentof the Arabian Envoy in the Tartarian presence; thus singing;

Accordant to his woords was his chere; [ Note: The Squier Tale ]As teacheth art of speech hem that it lere.

70CHAP. 2. Of the Pronoune with the Arts from it pro|ceeding.

I Conclude with the note of the Nodd the Pro|noune: which our Author callsA part of Speech much like to, and indeed is the same with a Noune;although it differeth from his Noune Adjective in that it denotes a personalBe|ing; and from his Substantive, first in respect that this personality isneither proper nor appellative: and secondly, in that it imply's number: I,THOU and H E.

Under which be comprehended the other twelve: and to whom is added theofficious Relative, as the Gentleman Ipocrifat in Herauldrie.

Wherefore our Author adds that it is used in shewing or rehearsing.viz. The Pronoune in shewing: as, I love: and the Relative in rehearsing: as,I who love.

Ille ego qui quondam ---Which also is the office of its Verb And that ei|ther in order to its own being;or Passions; as, I am, or I am called upon; or else in order to its personalposture: as, I sit, or sleep. All which must have the casual wordnominatively placed, because the motion terminates in it self: And soremain's a monument of the primitive unity.

71I, THOU, and HE living as one, until they came to distinguish MINE, THINE and HIS.

These introduc'd Trade; and that the multiplicity of clinshing words and,tropical sentences in order to perswasion. Insomuch that such is the presentexcellency of that Art: as it might be taken for no Paradox (saving thegravity of a [ Note: Qui ratio naliterutitur argumentis ad persua|dendumOra|toris nomen meruit eti|amsi non persuaserit. Quint. ] Qu ntili|anist)from the young O [...] ator while he maintain|ed the moneys he had promisedhis Tutor for teaching him the whole Art of Rhetorick were not due, until he



could, by that Art, perswade him to part with the summe he neither yet had,nor in|tended for him when he had it And that, he must expect, would createa dispute. Mercurie not re|covering his altitude until he doth Iater duos lo|quentes media currere ut Logicè reciprocetur oratio [ Note: N. Comes. ] . AnArt whose Circumstantials the experience of my short step of travel couldnot observe so long d [...] elt upon beyond the Seas, as in the English Uni|versities is usual. And therefore cannot sufficient|ly applaud the Epitomegiven it by my most worthily honoured friend Sir K [...] nelme Dig|bie [ Note: In Treat. of Bodies. part. 2. c. 3. ] .

[...] n argument (saith he) The assumed Term, unto which the other two areenterchangeably joyn'd, is either said of them or they are said of it. Andfrom hence do spring three different kinds of Syllogism. For either theassumed or middle term is said of both the other two: or both they are said

of it: or it is said of one of them, and the other is said of it. And this is themy|steric of the three Figures our Clerks so much talk of.Which (having elsewhere occasionally cleared the Mathematical Spring ofA[...] ) I 72 here mention, to manifest how that those seven that the civilizedpart of the world do honour with the Epithite of Gent: or Liberal be no otherthan Grammer expanded. And so pro|ceed to the use of this its presentReduction.

73The Use of the whole TREATISE.

THe Text saith;There are three that bear witness in heaven? The Father, the Word, [ Note: Joh. Ep. I. 5.7. ] and the Holy Ghost; and these three are one. There arethree that bear witness in earth; the Spi|rit, the Water, and the Blood; andthese three agree in one.

As I am no quarreller at Scripture; so am I not certain whether the Originalsounds [...] or [...] . However, both coming from [...] , [ Note: Spiro. ] hadthe more strict present occasion of the Evangelist per|mitted the Translatorsto have expressed the Blood by name of Winde, they had thereby saved methe use of faith; sithence I should then have understood the assertionPhilosophically; as knowing the water, wind and Spirit to be one, viz. [ Note: Submis [...] Religioni Philosoph [...] , clavibus son [...] sus legitim [...] utamini.



Verul. ad. Acad. Can|tabrig. ] The wind a rarified water, and the Spirit ararified wind. And consequently, the wind to be a coagu|lated spirit, and thewater a coagulated winde. So bearing their witness of the infiniteness of theopening and the shutting:Mens agitans molem, & coeco se corpore miscens.74 As the Maronian in the fourth of his Georgicks hath it; [ Note: See thelast Embleme. ] (probably) out of Thales Milesius, whose sense Cicero in hisbooks De Natnrâ Deorum so much depends on; and we find abundantly con|firmed in the twelfth chapter of that admirable Book of Job; and elsewherethroughout the Text.

My intent hence is not, with [ Note: In Relig. med. ] Dr. Brown, to maintain amultiplicity of worlds. But to in|duce first how Aristotles principles of theworld do bear the same witness. Form being no other then a vivified matter,as proportionated Beings be the au [...] optic gallantry of that Form formed;

and wherein the respective decay of heat is the recess of the life towards itsabscondity. So secondly (the excellency of the microcosme consisting in itsdis|cursive faculty, [ Note: Plato in Timan. ] as the manifested expansion ofthe unity of mans soul to its trine) How it must also in its Philosophie bear alike testimony. The word of motion being a word of Being actuated; asamare is a word essentially declaring the action of Amor; and modableaccording to the temporal in|clination of the lover towards whatever Beinghe therein can fansie perfection.

Whence the Ancients fained Cupid in as many shapes as they do Venus, [Note: See the Em|bleme. ] or (as Pausanias latinized hath it) Tot amoresquot Veneres. Yet they com|prized all under Greatness and Goodness:which, as saith the same Author, are but one; Quia iden|tidem appetitumalliciunt.

And its observable that the perfection towards which a motion is thusdirected or attracted is of|ten invisible, even as is the fire in water; yetknown to be there by reason of its flowing. For when the ambient coldsorceth the fire to its center; the water, as it ceaseth its flowing, is no 75more water, but ice; until the fire be invited to its pristine expansion byexterior warmth.

Even so, in what ever, whether visible or invisi|ble, quality of a Being myopinion fanfieth per|fection; this perfection but so thence vanishing, themotion of my love immediately retires to its first essentiality.

And thus as John loveth or not loveth Joan, be the cogitations of manexpressible by the said [ Note: Intelligete, movere, & generare es|sentialiteridem sunt. See D. Da|vison in Currie. Chymic. part 2. ] TRINE-U NE words



occasionally varyed and attended as in this Treatise I have assayed to mani|fest. So that I can at present think of no remaining intricacie saving when, inorder to a more copious or concise delivery, I am induced to compound thetermini of a sentence some or one of them; which conjoyned branches,although they contain a Verb respectively in themselves, do yet amount tono more than either a Supposition, Declaration, Re|lation, or Reason.

1. Whereof the first is known by its preposited note of doubt; as when, withour Author, I say: Si cupis placere magistro utere diligentiâ.

2. The second by its subjoyning office, as to say; ut placeas.

3. The third by the Relative; as Qui cupis placere.

4. And the fourth by the absence of a Verb otherwise than infinitivelyposited. As if I were to say Cupiens placere magistro utere diligentiâ.

In all which the understood Noun Personal or Pronoun [Tu] must be theBeing whence the Verb utere moveth towards diligentia as the word ter|minating the sentence. And the governance is la|teral in regard the Verbm [...] veth not as attracted by it, but as a mode of pleasing the Master. SeePart. 2. c. 2.

76Yet that what hath been said may be made more supplemental to ourAuthor, I shall further partize his Example, after the usual Pedagogick

manner, supposing my self a Pupil questioned by my Tutor what part ofSpeech is supplyed by the word Cupis? Answ. The Verbial part.

Quest. How know you it to be a Verb?

A. In that it is a word of motion; that is, moving between the desiring andthe desired Being.

Q. What kind of Verb is it?

A. In that it moveth from the said understood Pronoun (which is its materialcause) simply to|wards its formal: It is a Verb Active. But, that I offend notmy more curious Grammarian, I must also call it a Verb Neuter; in regardforsooth we do not read Cupior. Although the English love as well to bedesired.

Q. After what Conjugation do you decline it?



A. The fourth. And the reason therefore see in Part. 3. c. 2.

Q. What part of speech is Magistro?

A. A Noun Substantive.

Q. How know you it to be a Noun Substantive?

A. In that it manifests a Being; see Part. 1. c. 1.

Q. How do you articulate it.

A. In the Masculine Gender.

Q. Why so?

A. In regard it denotes Rule, which necessarily implyeth Action See Part. 2.c. 1.

Q. Aster which of our Authors rules is it de|clined?

A. The second.

Q. Why so?

A. Because that whether I take the word from [...] ; which jumps with theFrench Idiome 77 thrice more; or from magis and [...] i. e. greater instation; It followeth that it be declined after the most honourable wayincident to its termina|tion

Q. Would you hence infer that such words termi|nating in [er] as carry themore honourable [...] significa|tion should be declin'd after this second Rule,and the less worthy after the third?

A. I thought you had been thereof already so satisfied in Part. 2. c. 4. that tourge me here to reaffirm it were impertinent.

Q. But how comes it then to pass that Puer is de|clined after this, and Pater

after that; sithence it's pass'd question but the last is more honourable? A. I confess it quoad hominem; but not quoad naturam: For, Propagationbeing the eternizor of nature, Naturalists do deservedly state it as the chiefof mans life. Therefore doth love follow the off-spring; and are the stepsfrom the womb to the wedding more honorable than those between it andthe reduction of the Creature; and that by so much as life is more desirablethen death. Whence I conclude that such Masculines terminating in [er] as



on the wheel of life be placed between the state and the end are naturallydeclinable rather after the third rule. I will not say alwayes declined; for that(as one notes) Sermo Inter agrestiaing ma pri|mum ortus doctiorum legibusaliquand [...] refragatur.

Q. What case conceive you Magistro there to stand in?

A. The Dative.

Q. Why so?

A. Because it stands governed by the acquisi|tively posited Verb Placere. See part. 2. c. 2.

Q. How cometh Magistro to be gover [...] d by the Infinitive Mood placere, itto me seeming but us only 78 joyned with it, by way of apposition, to make

up the word of sense; This answering the (whom) as the other doth the (what)?

A. Our Author doth not tell us that the casual word must answer thequestions whom and what; but whom or what;and that the word that com|eth next the Verb as answering to either ofthose, is (saving his exceptions) the casual;which therefore is here due to Placere, as so answering the question. Desirewhat? To please. To please whom? The Master. So that Magistro comes hi|ther not by apposition; but as a word governed of placere. The Infinitive

Mood, when so serving, no way quitting its governing prerogative more thandoth a Participle or Gerund. I say so serving; for that as To please byanswering the question (whom) becomes as a casual word; and a word ofsense as it denotes a perfection wanted by the placitor [ Note: Part. 2. c.4. ] : THOU COVETEST TO PLEASE so making up a compleat sentence. Evenso, when I thus particularlize this pleasing, doth the sense a|mount to aReason; as hath been fore-proved by our Authors Ovidian Authority cited,Part. 1. c. 1. where the first and third words add nothing to the Reason; onlyencomiate the quality of Arts, and express a necessity of fixation in thelearner. So that it were the same if I said Placere magistro requiritdiligentiam.

Q. Suppose you were to express placere by an es|s [...] ntial word of Sense;as to say: If thou covet the pleasure or delight of the Master. How would youlatinize it?

A. Si cupis delectamentum Magistri.



Q. In what case woud you conceive the word De|lectamentum, so placed, tostand in?

A. The Accusative.

79Q. And why? A. As governed by the Verb Transitive Cupis.

Q. How know you Cupis to be a Verb Transitive?

A. Because it answereth all the expectations of that Verb manifested, Part. 2.c. 2. It being none of those motions of design; but a down right natural one,as Amo; whether we take the word from Ca|p [...] o, or à cupidine amoris; asMr. Holyoake.

Q. Admit you were to define this supposition by one word; as of the Reasonhath been fore-noted in Part. 1. c. 1. How would you express your self?

A. Obsequens utitur or (to continue the first hor|tative mode of speech) Tuobsequens utere diligentiâ.

Q. By name of what part of speech would you call Obsequens so placed?

A. Properly by neither of our Authors eight. It there being only a participialvoice, or (as Mr. Hoole would have it) Noun, [...] . A Participle signifying notime; and therefore governing no otherwise than as a Noun Adjective. As inPart 3. c. 4. hath been foreshewed.

Q. Pro [...] eeding with our Authors example where he adds Nec sis tantuscessator ut calcaribus indigeas: I would in the first place know w [...] at partof speech is Nec?

A. A Conjunction coupling the foregoing and following clauses.

Q. What part of speech is Cessator.

A. A Noun Substantive or word of Being.

Q. How is it declined?

A. Masculinely aster our Authors third rule.

Q. Why Masculinely?



A. In regard the very being Slugge denotes action: as we use to say; Itsbetter be idle then do nothing. See Part. 2. c 1.

Q. Why is it declined after the third rule?

80 A. By reason of its termination; as hath been shewed, Part. 2. c. 3.

Q. what condition or case doth it here stand in?

A. The Nominative.

Q. Doth it so govern the Verb Sis, or is it governed by it?

A. It is governed by it; and yet cannot proper|ly be called a word of Sense inregard of its fore|going Conjunction.

Q. From what being then doth Sis move towards Cessator?

A. From the Pronoun Tu; which is understood as couched under thepersonality of the Verb. See Part. 2. c. 3. and Part. 3. c. 1.

Q. If Cessator stands here as a word governed, why doth it not decline itsNominative condition or case?

A. By reason that the motion governing is a Verb of Being, See Part. 4. c. 2.

Q. What part of speech is Tantus? A. A Noun Adjective, or word of Quality.

Q. How cometh it to be understood as a Quality, si [...] hence it denotesMagnitude, and not Bonitude?

A. The identity of quantity and quality hath been already shewed, Part. 1. c. 3 But for your fur|ther satisfaction know that (the slothful being concludedvitious) its quantitative signification implyeth so much of evil; as to sayTantum or tam magnum vitium.

Q. Whnt Case, Gender and Number doth it stand in?

A The Nominative Case, Masculine Gender, and singular Number.

Q. How so?



A. In that it is here adjected to Cessator; which is a word of Being atpresent, so affected, See Part. 1. c. 3.

81Q. What part of speech it ut?

A. A Conjunction causal joyning Calcaribus in|digeas to the subjunctivedeclaration foregoing.

Q. Why call you it not a Sentence?

A. Because the presence of the Conjunction ren|ders it subordinate toanother less clogged Clause or Sentence; as to say ut calcaribus indigeasutere diligentiâ. Whence if I take off ut, and so deliver my self definitively,the first will be a compleat sen|tence as well as the last. As to say: Ego sumcessa|tor, or Ego calcaribus indigeo; tu uteris or utere di|ligentiâ.

Q. Might not these be joyned by Quòd aswell as Ut; It also being aConjunction causal, and giving the same English sound?

A. The design of avoiding a multiplicity of these Attendants hath beenthroughout this Tract so canvassed, that to find them retained by any recom|mendation below a precise necessity, or being re|tain'd to be mistaken Dick for Robin, were to espie a contradiction inconsistent with the Roman inge|nuity. Which induceth me to observe that Sen|tences thus joyned necessarilyimplying one of the formal differences of time mentioned. Part. 3. c. 3. dorequire their Conjunction by notes most sutable to that time. And therefore

to joyn a fu|turity by a note sounding so neer the Relative as Quod, weresuch a piece of vulgarity as would ren|der the expression to be scarce Latine sense. A Re|lation being ever understood of things or actions pass'd, thepresent being no sooner mentioned than passed. And that therefore theLatines by Quòd do joyn such sentences only as imply a past or presenttense, as they do those that speak a futurity by ut; it sounding so near thewishing Adverb Utinam As in this particular Ut calcaribus indigeas; where the82 Verb potentially moded manifesteth a future need by voyce of the presentTense. See Part. 3. c. 3.

All which our Author teacheth showing that the reduction of the InfinitiveMood by Quòd and Ut, must be precisely in hunc modum; viz. Quòd tu re|d [...] sti incolumis gaudeo. ut tu fabulam agas volo.

Where I break up School; wishing some through|ly enabled linguist would sofabulam agere, that mankind might as no longer speak as Parats; So notwant the fruition of those other advantages in the altitude of such a Venus [Note: Verulam, ibid. p. 261. ] of Apelles supposed le|gible by the noble



Origin of this Essay; which therefore I Corollarily prostrate envelloped by thefollowing Embleme.

[Figure:

The Representors are

• 1 Caelus or Perfection.• 2 Saturn or Beings.• 3 Cupid in Mercuries disguise.• 4 Venus Popularis.• 5 Venus hortensis.• 6 Venator.• 7 Venus Terrestris.• 8 Venus Caelestis.

]

84The Huntsman Speaks!

AS I was winding of my morning Call, (Whether I strain'd beyond my usual Force I not well remember) Such a fright Invaded me when I me saw (poor wight)

Associated and compass'd as you see, That stun'd I stood; till viewing Mercury Thus placed in the round I to him said: Son of great Jove! my Guide to whom are paid My constant vows: and to whose flying fame Be Sacrific'd the (a) Tongues of all the Game That ever yet in forest wild I slew:

Vouchsafe the meaning of this enterveiw To thy astonish'd Suppliant. ---Which Prayer The son of Main (B) hovering in the Air, Thus answered. --- --- Courage Woodman! for this shall Create thee no more trouble than thy call.



The Scheme (C) erected being by the Art Of thy King Saturn's (D) Son; who make'st his part, Thus to detect what the ensuing fate Shall be 'oth' Roman Tongue as well as (E) State.

(a) The Tongues of all Sacrifices the Ancients of|fered to Mercury; as Godnot only of Speech, but also of Reason and Prudence. And there|fore doththe Woodman, on this occasion, choose him for his chief rather then Diana. See Nat. Com. Mytholog. l. 5.

(B) Maia the Daughter of Atlas and Pleion: A Nymph on whom Jupiter begatMercurie. See Virgil Aeneid. 8.

85(C) Or Hieroglyphick Schaema. i. e. Orationis exter|na pars & dignitas. H. O.(D) Picus most skilfull in Augurie, and therefore fain'd transformed to aWood-pecker. Ovid. Met. 14. Although by the word Augurium the Romans understood not only the divination particularly taken from the chattering ofbirds, but also from all other observable causes or Ostents whatsoeverappearing in Heaven, Air, or Earth; as affirmeth Dionysius, and out of himGasper Peucerus in l. de Augu|riis, pag. 374.(E) That is, how the state of Rome shall degene|rate from its goldencondition in the successi|on of Provincial Potentates. Who, seeking af|tertheir particular more then the publick wellfare, shall subject it to want;whose very apprehension as it ushers all kinds of selfish|ness, so shall bemultiplyed the Mode and Cases of the language. The first being Origi|nallybut one, as hath been already shewed part. 2. c. 4. And the second but two,viz. The Nominative and the Accusative, that is, The condition of asubstantial Being whence the motion taketh its rise, and of the qualifiedBeing towards which it formally tendeth.The Vocative being comprehensible under the Nominative, as onlydistinguishable by our position of the person in the arrear of the Verb, andthe rise of our voyce in the close of the period. Or else of this Additional noteof the Writer[?], and the oblique cases an|swering the respective indirectmotions of the Verb, since invented, as by the division of Ve|nus is hererepresented.86

Wherefore bright (F) CAELUS over Saturns face Having the curtain drawn resumes his place. To shew Perfection beneath the skie Henceforth to seek shall be a vanitie. Save what weak loves by their descent retain



On self-design; (which therefore Poets fain. From th' loins of CAELUS in the (G) third degree )

At which in them to aim this Dietie In SATURNS bosom leaves the purblind (H) spark. Opinionately roving at his mark.

(F) By others call'd CAELIUS son of the Skie and Day; for his excelling andpermanent beauty styled Perfection. Bonum and Pulchrum being convertible;as hath been fore shewed. And that these qualities were in him perfect, ismanifest in that from him the Heavens were called Caeli.

He was father to SATURN who was God of Plenty; whence his Age might becalled Golden. His name also coming a Satu|rando, aswell as from theHebrew SATAR. i. e. To hide or shut up; both typifying the witnessed in thePhilosophical use of this Tract forementioned. See more of his golden age in

Fulgentius his Mythologie; as of his veil and succession in Sir WalterRaleigh's Hi|storic of the World, l. 2. c. 24.

(G) VENUS being daughter to JUPITER son of SATURN.

(H) CUPID suppo' [...] d originally blinded with Saturns veil, and thereforeshooting rovingly as his fansie shall occasionally incite him to|wards eitherVENUS.

He shoots Saturns arrows, as personating the word of motion conveying theindigent 87 desires of the word of Being towards its formal cause or word of

sense here represented by VENUS. Wherefore also he stands inMERCURIES's disguise: SATURN MERCURY and VENUS now figuring theremnant of that wisdom which before the veyling was specified by Celius,Saturn and Mercurie; As averreth Trismegistus. Neither could Mercurie represent these several moti|ons in his own person, he being no Archer.

If any then be so critical as to question how I dare add arrows to Saturn: Iwish he would conceive them to be those which, erst, Mercu|rie, havingstoln from Apollo, hid here under Saturns veryl for the present use of Cupid; and so pass my application with the same face that HORACE observes

PHAEBUS to have done the theft:Te, boves olìm nisi redidissesPer dolum amotos, Puerum minaciVoce dum terret, viduus Pharetrâ,--- Risit Apollo, l. 1. Od 10.



Which also shews there shall in SATURNS state Provincial Kings succeed; whose love and hate; Both politick and corporal shall be Guided alone by self-conveniencie. Then may you hear Romes Counsl'ar (I) Orator Perswading these four Venus's to' adore. Which I forbear to blazon; since (Sans doubt) When by such means your state is come about, (Through various fortunes) from the Sheephook to The Crozier; they will be so known that so The world shall speak their language. 88--- what to make Yet of this tail devouring heast the Snake, Other then as it the vicissitude

Of time and things denotes, I not conclude. Though when the Crozier is outwor'n of all Its idolized fukes Canonical, Some think things shall again turn Saturnine. But that conceipt I pass to my Divine.

(I) Cicero who in his third book D[...] Naturâ Deo|rum mentioneth fourVenus's. Three whereof I find sitnamed by Nat. Comes Mytholog. l. 4. viz.Caelestis, Hortensis and Popularis. The first of which typifying the word ofsense answer|ing the direct natural motion of the Verb, I have here plac'd as

the Accusative case of the Noun. The second as figuring possession, andconsequently answering the circular motion, I have marshall'd Genitively.The third, as carrying an analogie with Romes Political confederacy, I haveseated Ablatively. And lastly, Cicero's fourth (which I conceive to be Venusterrestris, and so the end of Acquisition) I have ranked Datively.

For which reasons I further distinguish the first by its natural amorousaspect no way diverted by imployment. The second by the Spindle. The thirdby the Silkworms; and the fourth by the Cyphon. That so they mightdistinctly represent the four re|spective motions of the Verb in the secondChapter of the second Part of this Discourse already mentioned.

As for the Vocative Condition of the Noun: Its incapacity of receiving anyshot of Cupid 's invited 89 me to represent it by a Huntsman. Whom a sightso resembling the [ Note: See Mr. Sands Em|blem before Ovid Met. 30 ]Gargaphian might terrifie to a religious compellation of his Genius thus toex|plicate.



And Reader! now (though Caelus be ascended)If thou but fain our Venus 's contracted;And Cupid's seat to Mercurie resigned,The Analogie will soon appear compleated.[Figure:

MatterBeingeSaturneformeMotionMercuri [...]Priuation or Proportion

QualityVenus]

The Antients as when distinguishing between spiritual and corporeal naturethey likened the one to a Trine and the other to a square; So did they typifiethe whole by water. Finding it, as in its orbicular form to be the Trine of asquare; So in its substance or entity to contain the Fire, Love or Life of allBeings; like as the Mathema|ticians Center doth his Lines.90

This fire, &c. The Greek Philosophers called [...] or [...] , i. e. The mind [orrather mental motion; [...] , i. e. mente agito ] And the He|brew DivinesELOHIM, which our vulgar translation englisheth God. [ Note: Gen. 1.2. ]Vpon the face of the waters (saith Moses ) moved the Spirit of God.To whom alone in his trin-unity won|derful be the glory for ever.

91Rectori magnifico & Professoribus in almâ matre inclytâ FrisiorumAcademiâ quae est Franequerae S.

TRactatulum hunc relegenti confide|rantia mihi occurrit de communi librorumfato Censurâ. Quae quanquam ut cerebri anfractus variegata sit: interimtamen (dum Vota nihil definiant) ne|cessario, quoad hoc, reducibilis videbamin quid unum: Num scil. Philosopho, an cum ratione insanienti potiusquadret. Quapropter, & quum judicium omne plenam supponit judicandi



cognitionem, exseminariò rem dissecandam censui: Alstedio tradentemodum.

In omni disciplinâ (inquit [ Note: In ency. clopaed. Philosoph. l. 4. ] ill:)

oportet spe|ctare primò Cur: & secundo Quomodo sit dis|cenda. i. e. Finis & modus ad finem tendens.

Finis hujus ex libri epigraphe patet ut sit Sermo|nis rationalitas. Conamenquod, dum incompara|tum restat, duo imprimis consideranda praebet: Op|tabilitatem scil. & Possibilitatem rei.

Prior ex Aristotele c [...] nfirmari est, ubi docetIn re|bus eligendis quàm detrahere oportet eligendorum 92 excellentiam.[Note: Topic. l. 3. Tract, 2. c. [...] . ] Quia si honore dignius est optabilius;etiam id quod honore est dignum est optabile.

Sic enim si per causas scire praestat quàm per acci|dentia, (quod exScientiae definitione patet) etiam rationalis Grammatices authoritativae utpraestet ne|cesse est; & per consequens, quod optabile quid talis sit. Quiaquin ars Grammaticalis est honore digna Credo neminem inficias ire, velexinde quo inter ho|minem & belluam distinguit.

Ratificatam invenio Posteriorem per Praenobilem Franciscum de Verulam: Heroen in omni Philoso|phiae genere e [...] imiè agnitum. [ Note: Tom. 6. cap.1. ] Qui in magnâ sua Scientiarum Instauratione (libro per Europam us{que}

adeò celebrato ut vestrâ quin in Bibliothecâ locum tenet nil moror) nonsolum asserit Artem Gramma|ticalem posse reddi Philosophicam: sed &ipsummet Grammaticen quandam mente sibi tenuisse conceptam,quae non verborum cum verbis, sed cum rebus ana|logian monstraret.

Hocque (Excellentissimi viri) lucubratiunculic hisce m [...] is ortum dedit. Idenim cum legeram, mihi potenter aurem vellere fateor. ut qui Romanâ in lin|guâ (omniferae doctrinae Brittano maximè necessa|riâ) per nostratis Lelii Grammaticen è pucritiâ dun|taxat instructus fueram. Donec paulò antedesigna|tam peregrinationem, cum Nobilibus quibusdam trans|marinis, tunctemporis Oxoni [...] commorantibus, memet affociando, ea mihi familiarisfacta est, ut antea, eo|dom solo conversationis medio, Anglicana fuerat. Aliâde loquendi ratione ut prius som [...] iarem tam procul aberat.

Illiuc verò quasi experrectus: Auxesis uti scientiae maerorem intendit;[Note: Eccl. 1.18. ] Itidem (quoad voti modum ) tunc anxiè dolebamAuthorem suam siluisse Prosopo|paeian, carum sive institutionem rerum adquas verba sic aptius conformart possent.



93Donec Doctiss. Hereis Effigiem libro suo praepositem contemplansobservaram. Ut Album in manu tenens, sub libri titulo, in Paginâ dextrâ haecbina verba quasi scripserat [mundus mens] In sinistrâ{que} quì sedac veladdens [connubio jungam stabili.]Quod annuere mihi videbatur ad divini Platonis in Tymaeo comparationemanimae boninis cum Triangulo, in cujus apice sit unitas; Ex uno latere sedilatans in numeros pares, 2.4.8. Ex altero in impares, 3.9.27. Pares numeri(ut notat [ Note: In Tym. ] Proclus) corruptibili|tatem, ut & imparesaeternitatem demonstrantes. Erin|de{que} perpendens Naturam &Rationem, quoad Na|turantem, idem esse [quod & sacra [ Note: Joh. 1.1. ]Pagina pro|bat] ideòque ad Trianguli apicem apprimè compara|bilem: à quodein ut natura in mundum descendens di|viditur in Intellectualem &visibilem. Visibilis suo modo Intelleitualem attestans. Sicque Ratio in men|tem prolapsa ut in cogitativam & loquutoriam parti|tur; [idam enim docet

Aristoteles in libro de Inter|pret. Ubiverba esse Cogitationum imaginesperhibet] Putabam analogian adeo facilem; ac si libata [Ut Ulyssen olim perCircen instructum fecisse fertur] Um|bra dixisset.

Quod voves (Spectator) quam ad ineffabilia non pertinet, hum lori sedequam Idaeis Platonicis acquiescit. Unde fit quod cum Aristotelicâ vel sal|temHermeticâ Philosophiâ [quae Platonicae corpo|rca est] aptius cohaeret.Quamsbrem sicuti per Ari|stotelis Materiam, Formam & Privationem totanobis patefit natura. Sic per verba Entitatis, Mo|tus & Qualitatis absolviturloqucla; quum ceterae partes Orationis vel in ea sunt [...] educibiles, aut ut

satellites illis adstant. Unicè saltem requiritur alte|ratio haec: quòd scil.(quum Qualitas ut objectum supponit Perfectionem: ideo{que} perceptibilisnon sit uisi verbo Entitatis adjuncta, [...] t indelligibiliter in|serta) 94formetur ejus analogiae ad formam formatam sive Proportionem. Quod enimPrivatio in in|tellectualibus, idem & Proportio in corporeis quod sit nullus nonintelligit.

Ob id verò, ut defectum, si ad Hermeticos te ver|tere mavis. Innumeracorum volumina in Trinuni|tate hâc assentiri percipiás, viz. Ut Mercurius pu|rotechnic [...] Saturni scintillâ impregnatus, coquatur in Venerem quamcognominant Filiis notam.

Projectio (mi Praestantissimi) utcun{que} Practicis vix succedere videtur.Interim tamen si à speoulati|onibus quae sub sensum cadunt ad eas quaeintelligen|tiâ solâ percipiuntur ascendamus, quid inde nobis in|telligendumerit aliud quàm Entitas movens ad Per|fectionem. Ut (licèt liber ipsevobiscum vernaculari non mereatur) vel ex emblematibus cerni est.



Et sic mundus factus est. Inquit Hermes. [ Note: In Tab. ]

Quae mea igitur andacia est dum Mentem per trinuna illa verbacommunicativam reddere tento, vo|his submittitur.

R Reliquus liber horum examinat accidentia & usus; medum{que}, obiter,quo ceterae quas liberales vocamus artes ex illis pendent.

De quibus, [...] uper, dum apud familiares (inter po|cula) pro hâc ratâSermocinabar: Eorum, ut Rha|psodemata ista chartis darem, [ Note: Voshorter ut Scientia|rum Instau|rationi in| [...] umbatis. Et veterum labore;ne{que} nihil, neque omnla esse putetis. Idem Verul. ad Acad. Oxon. ]corrogationes abnuere nolui. Ni Verulamii nostri hortamina (quae Doctioresnimium jam diu perpessos putaham) ex integro sem|per neglecta maneant:aut (dum aegris adstare non ar|ridet) Laurus, quam viginti nunc annis èvobis pub|licè receptam ambio, radicitus mecum st [...] rilesccre vi|deatur;omnigeno quasi literarum usu [...] decsset vester

Ab eremo paterno in agro Glamorganiae Cambriae Calendis Martii. [...] Bassert{us} J [...] anesius.

Untitled as Das d

Documents

Transcript of Untitled as Das d