THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION ON DRUG ABUSE IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT This research work is used to review the impact of information resources utiliza tion on drug abuse in some selected secondary school in Ikeja local government a rea of Lagos state in Nigeria. A total of ten schools were used for the study. T he target population were the students, questionnaire were administered to them. However, literatures were reviewed from textbook, journals and internet. The re search instruments used were statistically analyzed by using percentage computat ion; the data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed by the researcher. The result findings shows that most students were involved in drug abuse due to lack of information to guide them on effect of drug abuse, parents not having en ough time to spend with their children and the community influence on them. Henc e, information should be provided adequately to guide students on the causes and effects of drug abuse.

TABLE OF CONTENTS TITTLE PAGE CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER ONE 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE STUDY 1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 1.4. RESEARCH QUESTION/HYPOTHESIS 1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS CHAPTER 2.0 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. TWO LITERATURE REVIEW INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION ABUSE INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION AND DRUG ABUSE THE IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE EFFECT OF DRUG ABUSE ON STUDENT UTILIZATION OF DRUGS IN NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 REASEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. INTRODUCTION

3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6.

RESEARCH DESIGN POPULATION OF THE STUDY SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE REASEARCH INSTRUMENT ADMINISTRATION OF REASEARCH INSRUMENT

CHAPTER FOUR 4.0. 4.1. CHAPTER 5.0. RESULTS DISCUSION OFFINDINGS FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS REFERENCE

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The impact of drug abuse among Nigerian students has been a stigma of a morally bankrupt, decadent and waste generation that must be revitalized and collectivel y salvaged together in order to prevent the total degeneration and loss of our s ocietal values and ideals. What is the brain behind our rotten society via the N igerian students: DRUG ABUSE? We cannot all sit on the fence and criminally pret end on the menace of drug abuse that has eaten very deep into the fabrics of our society. What do we mean by the term DRUG ABUSE? Drug abuse may be defined as t he arbitrary over-depence or misuse of one particular drug with or without a prior medical diagnosis from qualified health practitioners. Majority of the Nigerian students ignorantly depend on one form of drug or the other for their various d aily activities social, educational, political, moral, etc. There are many factors that contribute to the influence of drug abuse or drug ad diction among Nigerian students, namely peer groups, parental back ground (broke n home), and emotional stress among others. Firstly, peer group is a form of soc ietal influence on the affected students. For example, a friend can be greatly i nfluenced to be a drug addict if allowed to interact with drug addict (young and old). He can be tempted on one fateful day to join the bad wagon of drug addict s, thereby gradually ruining his career in life. Getting hooked to a particular drug is like a gradual process that will reach a climax. Dangerous drugs like cocaine, Indian hemp (marijuana), morphine, heroine, tobacc o, ephedrine etc. some of these dangerous drugs are both represants and stimulan ts, making the users either to feel high (on top of the world) or low (below the sea level) since there is a common adage which says show me your friend and I wi ll tell you who you are. Our students need to be fully re-oriented with respect t o this social evil. The sociological implication of drug abuse among the Nigerian students have been a major threat to the peaceful co-existence of all and sundry in our contempora ry society, thereby destroying the socio-political dignity, personality and inte grity of dependence on life. Secondly, the parental background of a child can also affect the over- dependenc e rate on drugs among the affected students. Due to various family problems like broken homes (divorces), polygamous family, abject poverty, cultural influence, parental neglect, lack of parental affection and responsibility. A father that is a drug addict may be greatly influenced and carried away by any of his childr en. Like father, like son. Most parent in Nigerian today in their bid to make en

ds meet- searching for greener pasture always abandon and neglect the proper wel fare of their wards and children and expose them to the unofficial assistance of t he so-called house maids. This ugly incidence will psychologically depress such children thereby giving rise to CHILD ABUSE which is an off-shoot of DRUG ABUSE. Without mincing words, such student will end up in taking solace in some illici t hard drugs for their survival of life. Thirdly, naturally some group of teenagers are emotionally stressed, but instead for them to seek for a proper medical attention because a stitch in time saves many, they will result to SELF MEDICATION which is a conceptual relic of drug ab use, thereby using hard drug for such much in drinking coffee, drinks of differe nt brands in order to suppress their normal routine of sleep. Can they successfu lly cheat nature? The frequent and persistent use (or mis-use) of this stimulant might degenerate to drug addiction or otherwise. Many narcotics have been banned among our students for their indiscriminate use by the international organisations like FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) , WHO (World Health Organisation) and our various local organizations. There is a proverb in Latin which says MENS SANA IN CORPORE SANO meaning a sound mind in a s ound body. The various consequences of the drug abuse or drug addiction are so devastating and very shameful to the extent that both the national and international organiz ations all over the world are also worried about the spread of this scourge amon g the Nigerian students. They are as follows: social violence among students, ar med robbery, mental disorder, 419 syndrome, social miscreants (Area boys and gir ls), lawlessness among youths, lack of respect for elders, rape, and many more o f the social evils. Who is to hold to ransom and blame seriously for the menace of drug abuse among the Nigeria students? Parental background via the social or peer groups of our students. Parental background has a major role to play in correcting the plague of drug abus e among the Nigerian students which are believed to be the leaders of tomorrow f or a proud able society. The recommendations and suggested solutions to the mena ce of drug abuse the Nigerian students are highlighted below for national debate . Parents should sincerely re-orientate their children on the adverse of drug ab use on their health, society and human dignity, since charity, they say, begins at home. The Ministry of Education (Federal and State) must as a matter of urgency add to their curricula DRUG EDUCATION for both the primary and post primary school in the country and they should always organize lectures, rallies, seminars and film shows for the Nigerian students on the adverse effects of drug abuse. National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)must also intensify their antidrug campaigns in order to have a drugfree society with a special focus on the Nigerian students because they are the future leaders of this great country in the black continen t of Africa. All forms of government in Nigeria must interfere very fast in educ ating the Nigerian public about the spreading scourge of drug abuse among our st udents through awareness programmes for the Nigerian students in order to safegu ard their career in life. Finally, the above suggested solutions will go a long way in critically correcting the over-dependence of our youth on drugs for progr ess, unity and development of our country 1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM One of the problem facing the Nigerian secondary school students and you th is the information resources and the utilization of information on drug abuse . These problems are so numerous of this function our emphasis shall be based on how to answer the following question: What had been the effect of wrong informa tion on the uses of drugs on Nigeria secondary school student? We find out that some student become a drug addict because of the wrong information given to the m either by their friends or role models. Is there any programme organized by sc hools or other organizational bodies to enlighten the knowledge of student on th e implication of drug abuse? Some student became drug users I the sense that the re is nobody who can enlighten them on the implication of drug abuse and its con sequences. How does student react to information and programmes organized by sch ools and other organizational bodies?

Some students are dormant or dogmatic that they want to do that which is on thei r mind. Either there is information or not, they still insist on what they wante d to do. How does parental background affect the youth o drug abuse? It is obser ved, that parental background of a child also affects the over-dependence rate o n drugs among the affected youths, due to various family problems like broken ho mes (divorces), polygamous family, abject poverty, cultural influence, parental neglect, lack of parental affection and responsibility. A father that is a drug addict may be greatly influence and carried away by any of his children, like fa ther like son. Most of the Nigeria parent today in their bid to make ends meet (searching for greener pasture) always abandon and neglect the proper welfare of their wards and children and expose them to the unofficial assistance of the so called house-maids. 1.3. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research report is to do or reveal the problems faci ng youth and secondary school students in Nigeria. This research report will als o help to: 1. Find out the impact of information resources utilization on drugs. 2. To examine the level of information resources utilization on drug abuse. 3. To determine the effect of drug abuse on students. 4. To find out the attitude of student to information resources utilization 1.4. RESEARCH QUESTION The basic research question will bring out the problems facing the stude nt on the information utilization on drug abuse 1. What is the impact of information resources on drug abuse? 2. What is the level of information resources utilization on drug abuse? 3. What are the effects of drug abuse on students? 4. What is the attitude student of students to information resources utiliz ation? 1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 2. There is no significant difference between the use of drugs and informat ion available 3. There is in significant difference between information resources utiliza tion and student use of drugs. 1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The result of this study will provide information on the problems facing youth involved in drugs abuse. The research work also provide the information o n reasons why some students and youth abuse drugs, the effect (both educational effects, health effects, social effects and financial effects) and the types of drugs abused by youth. 1.7. SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research report will be carried out using some selected secondary s chools in Ikeja local government area of Lagos state. Due to the size and geogra phical spread of the area, and as the capital of Lagos state, there are still la rge number4s of youth involved in drug abuse due to one reason or the other. A s ample of ten (10) selected secondary schools from which five (10) students from each school will be used in this research report. This study will be focus mainl y on the academic effects, social effects, financial effects, health effects and mental effects of drug abuse on secondary school students. 1.8. DEFINITION OF TERMS INFORMATION: Information are datas which have been verified to be accurate and ti mely. Information is any kind event that affects the state of a dynamic system. INFORMATION RESOURCES: Information resources is that data and information assets on an organization, department or unit. INFORMATION UTILIZATION: Information utilization is the act of making use of dat a provided or data learned about something. RESOURCES UTILIZATION: Resources utilization is the total amount of resources ac tually consumed, compared against the amount of resources planned for specific p rocess. It is normally measured as percentage. DRUG ABUSE: Drug abuse may be defined as the arbitrary over dependence or mis-use

of one particular drug with or without a prior medical diagnosis from qualified health practioners (Ann Wolters)

CHAPTER TWO 2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW The review of literature on this research writing will be done under the following; 4. Information resources utilization 5. Information resources utilization and drugs abuse 6. Impact of drug abuse 7. Effects of drugs abuse on students 8. Utilization of drugs in Nigeria secondary schools 2.1. INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION Information according to oxford learners dictionary is facts or details about so mebody or something. source of information can be in the schools, churches, home s, mass media, government institutions and other private sectors. The following are the possible means of disseminating information: (i) Public lectures (publicity) (ii) Individual counseling (iii) Advertisement through the media (iv) Workshops (v) Massive campaign (vi) Symposia and few to be mentioned. Resources a supply of something that a country and organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth. Resources are personal qualiti es such as courage and imagination that help to deals with difficult situations. Utilization according to oxford learners dictionary means to use up or to acc ount especially for practical purpose. 2.2. INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION AND DRUG ABUSE INFORMATION Information according to oxford learners dictionary is facts or details about som ebody or something. Source of information can be in the schools, churches, homes , mass media, government institutions and other private sectors The following are the possible means of disseminating information (vii) Public lectures (publicity) (viii) Individual counseling (ix) Advertisement through the media (x) Workshops (xi) Massive campaign (xii) Symposia and few to be mentioned.

RESOURCES Resources a supply of something that a country and organization or a person has and can use, especially to increase their wealth. Resources are personal qualiti es such as courage and imagination that help to deals with difficult situations. UTILIZATION Utilization according to oxford learners dictionary means to use up or to account especially for practical purpose. DRUG ABUSE Drug abuse may be defined as the arbitrary over dependence or mis-use of one parti cular drug with or without a prior medical diagnosis from qualified health pract ioners (Ann Wolters) Drug abuse refers to the mis-use of drugs or the indiscriminate use of it. According to Bracher (1972), drug abuse is an act of using drug to satisfy ones emotion or physiological feeling. 2.3. A. THE IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

Fast-paced social, economic and technological changes present a challenge to the stability and influence of the family. The family is often viewed as the basic source of strength, providing nurturance and support for its individual members as well as ensuring stability and generational continuity for the community and culture in reality, the family is far more complex. At least four conceptual vie ws of the family have been identified. First, it may be seen as protecting and sustaining both strong and weak members, helping them to deal with stress and pathology while nurturing younger and more vulnerable members. Secondly, the family may be a source of tension, problems and pathology, influen cing weaker members in harmful ways, including destructive drug or alcohol use. Thirdly, it may be viewed as a mechanism for family members to interact with br oader social and community groups, such as peer groups, schools, work colleagues and supervisors and persons associated with religious institutions. Fourthly, the family may be seen as an important point of intervention - a natur al organizational unit for transferring and building social and community values . Rapid social, economic and technological change may, under certain circumstances , weaken the sense of family and reduce the sense of belonging to other people, groups and places. Stability of relationships, environment and expectations is p owerful forces in helping people manage their lives, especially important for ch ildren and young adults. In some societies, the classical problem of balancing d iscipline and control of children with nurturing support to encourage their expl oration, understanding of the world and self-realization may be complicated by s ubstance abuse problems as well as a wide range of other conditions. Families can have a powerful influence on shaping the attitudes, values and beha vior of children, but how do they compare with peers in terms of influence on dr ug taking? The influence of peer groups, which is usually strong during formativ e years of youth, may be stronger than that of parents in some cases. One researcher has found that friends are more similar in their use of marijuana than in any other activity or attitude. In this situation, drug use by peers ma y exert a greater influence than the attitudes of parents. This researcher obser ved that peer and parental influences are synergistic, with the highest rates of marijuana use being observed among adolescents whose parents and friends were d rug users. Other investigators, however, have found that peers have a high degre e of influence only when the parents have abdicated their traditional supervisor y roles. Hence, parents exercising traditional family roles may be able to limit the infl uence of peer groups on children s attitudes towards drug use and therefore have

a crucial influence on children s behavior. Prevention of drug problems can emp loy knowledge about family dynamics to address personal and social concerns of f amily members that otherwise would lead to drug abuse, both with respect to dysf unctional as well as intact families. In this regard, it is important to avoid a ssuming "... either that parents are invariably responsible for the problems exp erienced by their children or that substance users can be blamed for all the pro blems experienced by the families in which they live". Family factors that may l ead to or intensify drug use are thought to include prolonged or traumatic paren tal absence, harsh discipline, failure to communicate on an emotional level, cha otic or disturbed members and parental use of drugs, which provides a negative r ole model for children. Lack of household stability, income or employment for a parent may increase stre ss on the family and its vulnerability, pushing marginal individuals to find "so lutions" or solace in alcohol or drugs. Single-parent families may have increase d difficulties, with the single parent being forced to function beyond his or he r ability. Alcohol abuse, other substance abuse and psychopathology have been st udied among family members. It is well known that having biological relatives wi th alcoholism increases the risk in unaffected individuals. Also, families with histories of psychological and social pathology may be at increased risk for alc ohol problems. The degree to which similar processes apply to other drugs is not as well establ ished. Persons who are heavy users of alcohol or other drugs may show psychiatri c symptoms such as depression. Dysfunctional drug or alcohol use may mask an und erlying emotional illness. A frequent finding from clinical assessment of users is a "dual diagnosis", where two or more clinical conditions exist at the same t ime in an individual. Multiple problems in the family are also very common. The existence of an addictive personality type does not appear to have been scientif ically validated, but the obvious signs of troubled persons-often exhibiting mul tiple symptoms-are easily recognized by expert and layman alike.

B. HEALTH Health problems impair family life and productive employment, diminish the quali ty of life and may threaten survival. A comprehensive picture of worldwide healt h implications of drug abuse is not available. Significant country and internati onal data, however, are available and the impact of addictive substances on heal th in both industrialized and developing countries are discussed below. The broa der context of addictive substances includes tobacco, alcohol and solvents (incl uding glues, thinners and gasoline). All of these substances have several important characteristics in common. They a lter the function of the human brain and have an impact on behaviour; they are w idely used throughout the world; and they burden society by increasing social an d economic costs for productive enterprises and by drawing upon limited governme nt services. The most widely used addictive substances, alcohol and tobacco, are harmful with extensive damage to the individual, family and the community. Disease, disability and dysfunction were obviously not included in the estimate in the box but would certainly increase significantly any estimate of human cost s due to substance abuse. Deaths as a result of drug abuse are a major source of concern. Recent informal estimates are that perhaps 200,000 drug-injecting-related deaths may occur per a nnum based on the estimated size of the current world population of injecting dr ug abusers of approximately 5.3 million. WHO has reported as follows: "Existing data indicated a several-fold increase in drug-related deaths over the past decade. The yearly mortality rates (or "letha lity") among intravenous drug users or drug addicts on treatment programmes rang ed between one and two percent in Europe and the United States". Substances commonly associated with drug abuse-related deaths are cocaine, heroi n (and other opiates), barbiturates and amphetamines (and amphetamine derivative s). Benzodiazepines, hallucinogens, cannabis and other substances are less frequ

ently implicated. Combinations of drugs and alcohol were frequently noted. Altho ugh commonly used, the term "overdose" is misleading since different reactions, such as hypersensitivity, may be the real mechanism of death in some cases rathe r than an acute intoxication effect due to excessive amounts of the drugs. Avail ability, cost, chemical contents of the drugs (e.g. adulterants), preexisting an d potentially life-threatening health problems and patterns of use are all facto rs that may play key roles in determining whether harmful effects occur in any i ndividual case. The most widely used controlled drug, cannabis, could be associated with some fa tal accidents despite its low acute toxicity. Concerning chronic use, there may be greater risks of damaging the lungs by smoking cannabis than tobacco. Commenting on the public implications of the use of addictive substances, a toba cco and alcohol consumption account for nearly 5 million deaths annually worldwi de. As levels of GNP per capita rise, third world population age, and noxious su bstances are more widely marketed and distributed in developing countries, the n umber of deaths can only be expected to increase major health report states: "De cisions about the control of tobacco and other addictive substances are among th e most important health-related choices that societies can make collectively. In many populations, prolonged cigarette smoking is already the greatest single ca use of premature death. Alcohol and other drugs also contribute to disease and d isability. The damage from substance abuse is not limited to the individuals inv olved; others also suffer indirectly because of drunken driving, fires, passive smoking, and drug related crime and violence". The proportion of all drug users and abusers who end up with serious health and social problems is not known. Whatever that proportion, illicit drug use more fr equently results in problems or disease rather than death. Since substance abuse is not evenly spread throughout the population, it is advisable to determine th e characteristics of the specific groups involved in order to plan interventions . Drug abuse may be influenced by the social-cultural milieu, the degree to whic h a person is part of a structured environment, his or her personal characterist ics, the specific drugs involved and the circumstances of use. The earliest stages of life are a particularly vulnerable time. Reporting on the effects of alcohol and drug abuse on foetuses in a study carried out in four Da nish cities, one researcher has found that the extent of maternal drug abuse is correlated with obstetric complications and developmental characteristics of the foetus. The effects of an unstable foetal life carry over into childhood. Howev er, with care, many of these effects can be overcome. One of the most visible im pacts of harmful drug use is seen in the consequences of cocaine use on newborn infants. Experts have found that cocaine-using pregnant women have a higher rate of spontaneous abortion. Also, mothers who carried their foetus to full gestational term had infants with depressed behavior and poor responses to stimuli. Other studies indicate that i nfants exposed to sedatives, stimulants or pentachlorophenol (PCP) may have mark ed deficits. PCP and cocaine used by mothers also may interfere with the essenti al bonding that occurs between mother and child at birth. Other investigators ha ve findings supporting these views. In discussing the victims of drug abuse, a c ommentator notes that "maternal drug use is a substantial and apparently growing part of the problems of unhealthy newborns. The direct victim of such passive d rug taking is the child, but there are indirect victims too. Drug-damaged children put burdens on already strained systems of pediatric healt h care and public education. Some of the forms of damage, particularly to cognit ive function and impulse control, will tend to increase crime rates when the chi ldren become adolescents and young adults. The damaged child s future schoolmate s, workmates, and neighbors will all bear some of the cost". Quite apart from th e direct consequences, the care of children abandoned by, or taken away from, ad dicted parents again implies a considerable social cost. Probably the most widel y occurring substance abuse pattern in this context is the foetal alcohol syndro me, which involves both physical and mental deficiencies that are costly to trea t, often requiring both intensive initial and long term care. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes the clinical disease acquired immu

nodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Unknown before the 1980s, it now is an epidemic fo r which there is no known cure and no vaccine. The virus is spread by sexual int ercourse, contaminated blood (e.g. during transfusions), mother-to-child transmi ssion during the pre natal period and use of contaminated syringes and injection equipment. The importance of each of these means of spread varies from one regi on of the world to another. The devastating effects of AIDS are seen most clearl y in the developing world Two-thirds of the AIDS cases, adults and children, are in Africa, where the prim ary means of spread is heterosexual contact. Males may acquire the virus through use of dirty injection equipment and then transmit it to female or male sex par tners. Primary prevention is the only known means of slowing the spread of this virus. Early attempts to prevent transmission of the virus between addicts shari ng dirty needles focused on information programmes that advised "Don t share nee dles or at least clean the syringe with bleach before reusing it". Recently, however, bleach baths for injection equipment have been found to be le ss than fully effective. Results from some of the needle exchange programmes, al though less widely accepted, have been found to be positive, according to some h ealth officials. Peer outreach models have been used in India, the United States and elsewhere. In addition to increasing mortality, the rapid spread of AIDS, particularly in A frica, is producing a whole new class of poor, including orphans under 10 years of age who are expected to number 10 million or more by the turn of the century. Serious effects are expected not only in mortality but also in reduced life exp ectancy, sexually transmitted diseases and endemic diseases such as tuberculosis . Impaired immune systems increase vulnerability to other diseases as well. C. EDUCATION Education is the principal means of preventing drug abuse. In addition to educat ional institutions, other settings are important for the contributions they make to learning and socialization. Home, workplace and religious institutions, to n ame three examples, are settings for the education of young and old alike. Most officials support the full integration of drug abuse education into mainstream i nstitutions, whether public and private, religious or secular. An issue, often unstated, is whether, to have real impact on the drug problem, s ociety or the individual should be the initial target for change. Seeking the ro ot causes focuses on the social conditions that lead persons to engage in drug a buse. Slow and indirect, education is often seen as producing its results only o ver the long run, involving parents and making gradual social changes to reduce experimentation, occasional or regular drug use. The short-term approach (to control the supply of drugs) and the long-term deman d reduction approach by education are two ends of a continuum which are often pl aced in opposition to each other. In reality, both are essential parts of a comp rehensive view of Prevention of drug abuse. To clarify and assess human progress, a yardstick termed the Human Development I ndex (HDI) has been prepared by UNDP. HDI uses real purchasing power, health and education indicators to provide a broader picture of human progress than was pr eviously available on comparative income bases. Generally measuring the ability of people to live a long and healthy life, HDI reflects the importance of educat ion to human and social development and provides a focus for health planning. By focusing on specific target groups, preventive health education has the dual go als of forestalling the abusive use of drugs and promoting human development. Adolescence is a time when enormous changes take place in the process of normal development. In many cultures it is, according to one observer, "a time for deve loping a person s sense of self identity, a process that involves separating fro m parental attachments and values and establishing new social ties, values and i deals. In separating from parents, youth need to form other meaningful relations hips. Sometimes the peers with whom the growing youth associates influence him or her to adopt drugs as part of their social behavior. However, the effect of drugs ma y not be to enhance social relationships and self identity. Rather, the drugs ma

y cause the growing girl or boy to become apathetic and emotionally detached and , consequently, to face problems of establishing social bonds, with the result t hat the youth becomes increasingly isolated emotionally and socially". Although many officials show concern about drug abuse, some also minimize the ri sks. The word "drugs" often causes associations with illness, even shameful illness, although less so for alcohol and tobacco than other drugs. This may be the reaso n why some officials minimize the risks involved in drug use. Cultures vary enor mously with respect to their degree of stigmatizing persons with health or socia l problems. In some countries, only a minority of the children goes to school, a nd those in school may stay there for only a few years. In these situations, met hods need to be adapted when preparing health education approaches for drug abus e prevention, particularly for rural youth. Flexible methods include innovative out-of-school approaches to health promotion activities consistent with communit y values and standards. When fewer children go to school or when families are less integrated, adaptive changes in educational interventions are needed for both formal and informal app roaches. One study which has summarized this work indicates that chronic or acute use of cannabis may result in preoccupation with the immediate present, an impairment of short-term memory and other mental functions, impaired tracking ability in se nsory and perceptual functions, adverse emotional and social development of chil dren and adolescents, and impaired classroom performance. The degree of impairme nt follows the dosage amounts used, everything else being equal. Summarizing the potential impact of several kinds of drugs, another commentator has concluded t hat "drugs can decrease cognitive operations, making it difficult for the youth to develop a functional set of values and ideals. Reduced cognitive efficiency a lso leads to poor academic performance and a resulting decrease in self-esteem, contributing to instability of the individual s sense of identity". Drugs may pr eoccupy and come to dominate the person s thinking as providing a solution to pr oblems that need, in reality, non-drug solutions. Youth, as well as adults, may take drugs to deal with problems which cannot be resolved by such substances. Approaches to education about drugs may be grouped conceptually into a threefold typology: (a) The chosen educational strategy or approach (direct, alternative or indi rect and selective). (b) The target group and (c) The type of activity and teaching materials used. Depending on the target group, a direct substance-centered approach may be used. It is possible to make the environment of the individuals involved the target, although this is not frequently done. Also, educational activities may be carrie d out by adults, teachers, specialist educators, youth leaders, parents or peers . Spending for the general education of youth, frequently relatively small, is o ften allowed to fall behind other areas. According to UNESCO, "public expenditur e in education has continued to stagnate in most countries, accounting for about 3 per cent of GNP for the developing countries of Asia as a whole". Programmes for educating various target groups vary enormously in cost, from pra ctically nothing for activities using donated time or free resources from sponso rs to very expensive for high technology mass media programmes. The cost-effecti veness approach is a means to determine the most suitable responses to drug abus e. Unfortunately, information about the costs and outcomes of various interventi on measures for drug abuse education is not usually available. In the absence of this kind of information, alternative educational measures may be compared on t he basis of costs and other factors to determine their suitability for use in pr ogrammes. The mass media have been used in many different types of campaigns and programmes. D. CRIME Countries vary in the way they define crime. In the drug abuse field, however, a common conceptual structure is provided by international drug treaties. Several of the treaties have obligations which require penal provisions in national law

for illicit traffic offences. Requirements concerning illicit demand are more c omplicated. Countries implement both supply and demand obligations in enormously varied ways. Crime and drugs may be related in several ways, none of them simple. First, illi cit production, manufacture, distribution or possession of drugs may constitute a crime. Secondly, drugs may increase the likelihood of other, non-drug crimes o ccurring. Thirdly, drugs may be used to make money, with subsequent money-laund ering. Fourthly, drugs may be closely linked to other major problems, such as th e illegal use of guns, various forms of violence and terrorism. Whether illicit drug use should be considered a crime, a disease, a social disor der or some mixture of these is debated in many countries. Often, public policy is ambivalent about the nature of addiction, with social at titudes towards drug abuse reflecting uncertainty about what causes abuse and wh o is ultimately responsible. A continuum exists in relation to accepted social status and crime. At one end i s law-abiding behavior and at the other, criminal activity. Between these two ex tremes are found deviant behavior and delinquency. Many marginal persons who use drugs do not go on to become delinquents or criminals. If progression along thi s continuum does not take place within a country, the concept of progression is even less applicable across cultures. What is marginal or deviant in one culture may be tolerated or even considered to be part of the mainstream in another. Information collected by police or other authorities varies from country to coun try. The amount of unreported crime depends on many variables. States parties to the international drug control treaties have an obligation to report on drug ab use to the United Nations. Reports on the illicit traffic and drug abuse are pre sented to sessions of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, which meets regularly in Vienna. Whatever the limitations are of reports to the United Nations as estimates of th e illicit traffic, these reports do shed light on how serious the situation is. Using these various sources of information, UNDCP has recently reported the spre ad of illicit opium poppy cultivation in Latin America, increased heroin abuse i n parts of Africa and Asia and increased cocaine abuse in Latin America and the Caribbean. These increases, along with other information about current trends, r eflect a bleak picture. The United Nations conducts and publishes a series of surveys of crime trends, o perations of criminal justice systems and crime prevention strategies in Member States. Reports on crime-related matters, including the impact of organized crim inal activities on society at large and control of the proceeds of crime, are pr esented to the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. The sharpest increase in crime. Recorded in both the 1980-1985 period and the 1975-1989 peri od was in drug related crime and robbery. The rate of increase in drug crimes wa s greater than for all other types of crime, except kidnapping, for which the ba se figures were low The complex connection between drug use, delinquency and crime has been discusse d by experts for decades. Substance use and delinquent behaviour are often relat ed, especially as either drug use or delinquency become more serious. Early sexu al activity is strongly related to delinquency and drug abuse. Girls who have be en pregnant report increased prior use of alcohol and other drugs. Youth who do not feel a strong attachment to their parents are more likely than others to use drugs and become delinquent, consistent with the findings cited earlier in the section on the family. One aspect of this connection between drugs and crime is temporal causation: whi ch is cause and which is effect? In the case of individual addicts, drug use may precede crime or the reverse. After examination of groups, researchers in the U nited States have concluded that many variations exist but that some delinquency or crime often precedes addiction. They have found that involvement in property crime generally precedes the addiction career. After addiction occurs, property crime increases and narcotic use is further increased. One expert found that du ring "... periods of curtailed narcotics use produced by treatment, property cri me levels are significantly reduced and become extremely low after termination o

f the addiction career". Researchers have found a close connection between drug abuse, criminal behavior and social attitudes. Review of the crime/drugs literature supports three notion s: heroin addicts are usually deeply involved in crime; daily opiate use increas es criminality several fold; and many heroin abusers are not interested in obtai ning treatment although drug treatment programmes do reduce the criminality of a ddicts while they are in treatment. Whether causality is involved in these relationships is not clear. Illicit drug use, delinquency and crime are best seen as closely interrelated behaviours, esp ecially when they occur in contact with the supply of illicit drugs. Drugs and c rime cannot be considered separately, in isolation from each other, especially i f they emerge from a common set of circumstances. Results show that "drug use is a strong correlate of being booked for a criminal offence, but age is the more important correlate of criminal involvement. There were few differences in model s predicting violent as opposed to property crime, although minority status was a more important predictor of violent crime, and poverty was a more important pr edictor of property crime". E. WORK AND EMPLOYMENT Work status includes more than being either employed or unemployed. Also to be c onsidered are the rate of underemployment and the extent of work in the informal sector. What is perceived as an employment problem also varies according to the views of society. For example, if youth have low status in a particular culture , the fact that they are disproportionately unemployed, not to mention underempl oyed, may be of little interest to decision makers. If a society places youth in a marginal status until some distant adulthood, it is even more difficult for y oung people who have been associated with drugs to obtain productive employment. These adverse effects on youth may also appear for female youth, who in some cu ltures do not normally have prospects for occupational roles outside the home. According to "an estimated 30 per cent of the world s labour force is not produc tively employed. More than 120 million people are registered as unemployed; some 700 million are underemployed". Further, the disparity between the income level s of people in rich and poor countries is growing larger, and even when there ha s been a drop in poverty levels in some countries, the distribution of income ha s not correspondingly improved. Employment has constantly lagged behind economic growth for both developing and industrialized countries. The situation in both is similar in one respect: subst antial increases in capital investment or productivity have not always created a corresponding number of jobs. One study terms this phenomenon" jobless growth". Policy makers are searching for ways to increase the number of jobs along with economic growth. The number of young people is expanding faster than available j obs. The disparity between the size of the labour force and the number of person s employed is projected to worsen throughout the 1990s. ILO estimates, for examp le, that "the labour force for sub-Saharan Africa will grow 3.3% a year in the 1 990s, while productive employment will increase by only 2.4% a year. Even this e mployment growth assumes an acceleration of GDP growth from 3.7% to around 5%. Increased rates of unemployment are projected to occur in the same age group as those persons most likely to use drugs and have drug problems. Add to this the f act that many of the jobs that are available are separated from the community an d the family support network necessary to sustain workers, and the ingredients f or intensification of social problems are clear. Education and training, often m entioned as solutions to unemployment, may be part of the problem rather than th e solution since the existing supply of educated and trained persons frequently exceeds the demand in many countries. Competition for jobs will likely increase and employers may become even more sel ective in hiring young people. Drug abuse occurs more frequently in young people than in other age groups. The risk factors for drug use often occur before entr y into the workforce. The drug abuse problems of the community are, therefore, b rought into the workplace. The age group with the highest frequency of drug use

is often 18-35 years, although wide variation exists between countries. Thus the point of maximum benefit of prevention programmes may occur before or at the po int of entry into the labour market. Employers can make major contributions to t he prevention of drug abuse, helping themselves and the community in the process . Effective workplace initiatives to prevent drug abuse should begin in the comm unity and be directed at young persons who are potential workers. In many parts of the world, the workplace and living areas are not separate. Eve n if property lines set these two areas apart, people pass back and forth freque ntly between the two. The close connection between the family and the work setti ng make it more difficult to use formally organized welfare services or assistan ce programmes to assist with workers problems. Moreover, community or 30 govern ment agencies, such as occupational safety and health departments, are less able to assist workers in informal or in home work settings. The relationship between drug and alcohol abuse and the workplace is significant ly influenced by national, social, cultural, ethnic, religious and gender issues . Cultural or group practices may also facilitate drug or alcohol abuse. Drinkin g or drug abuse cultures exist in some workplaces and some of them set a standar d that may be imposed on the non-user. In addition, conditions in some workplace s involve exposure to harmful or dependence-producing substances, such as glue i n shoe factories. Employees may follow fads or local customs and accept substance abuse, holding v iews that are clearly inconsistent with known facts about their physical effects . A recent study in Portugal found that there are "still some workers who believ e they can work with more precision if they drink a certain amount of wine and t here are some employers, both in the building and agricultural sector, who offer free wine to get some work done". While the consequences of unemployment vary, it usually reduces the ability of t he person to participate in the social, economic and political life of the commu nity. Unemployment is itself a marginal status so long as employment is the norm . With increased migration from rural areas to cities, more competition exists f or jobs. Without training and employment, young people may find themselves on th e fringes of an urban society. Since the expectation exists for most people to e ngage in productive work of some kind, unemployment may become a state of idlene ss. When employment means separation from the family and friends, social relatio nships may deteriorate. If living at home, the unemployed person may feel that t he lack of work places an undue burden on the family that may already have diffi culty meeting the needs of its members. The workplace reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the community. To assess the scope of drug and alcohol problems, a Canadian study carried out three surve ys of more than 2,000 persons in the Alberta workforce, including both the curre nt workforce and those actively seeking work. Less than 1 in 16 persons reported using illicit drugs, mainly marijuana, in the past 12 months. Among current drug users, 18 per cent reported at least two per sonal problems associated with their drug use. Alcohol was the most frequently u sed substance. In research carried out more than 10 years ago (7), disruptive dr ug use was examined in an extensive study of 468 young adults in Los Angeles, on e-third of whom were minorities (black, Hispanic or Asian). Thirty-one per cent admitted to being drunk, stoned or high on at least one psychoactive substance w hile at work or school during the past six months. Less than 13 per cent of thes e young adults had sold any illicit drug during the past six months. Disruptive drug use was not limited to a single substance and characteristically involved m ultiple substances. Alcohol was the most prevalent class of substance used, and marijuana was the most prevalent individual substance used at work or school. Th e magnitude of the relationship of disruptive drug use and work-related variable s was small to moderate. However, "disruptive use of all drugs was significantly correlated with the more times that one lost a job during the past four years, losing a job in the past six months, increased trouble with job, increased vandalism at work, and increas ed seeking of support and advice from family and friends for a work problem". Th

e frequency of drug- and alcohol-related problems during the last three years wa s obtained for 13 different problems. As indicated in the table below, more than half of the sample reported specific performance impairments and absences from work as a result of drug-related problems. In about two out 31 of five cases, or ganizations had dismissed employees for drug-related reasons. In sum, drug probl ems have a costly impact on the workplace as well as the community. Employers and workers alike are concerned about the consequences of drug and alc ohol abuse. According to one expert, "alcohol and drug involvement in accidents, and the impact on such employment indicators as absenteeism, turnover, medical claims, safety risk and lost productivity, confirm that there are direct costs i nvolved with drug or alcohol use in the workplace". 2.4. EFFECT OF DRUG ON STUDENT Drug and Alcohol use in schools is universal. Students articulate many reasons w hy they do it, but most neglected to consider both the long-term consequences of their actions. How wide spread is drug abuse? Teenagers today admit to extensive experimentatio n. According to one study, 90 percent of teens said that they have use alcohol, 50 percent said they have used marijuana, 17 percent said they have used cocaine and 13 said they have used some form of hallucinogenic drug. Drug use has been classified as a major problem of students as early as in the fourth grade. Conse quently, it is no surprise that substance use is prolific on colleges, where man y young adult are free from adult supervision for the first time in their lives. Alcohol use account for over 10, 000 deaths per year in this cou ntry. It contributes to over 50 percent of all suicides, violent crimes emergenc y room admission, traffic accidents, substandard job performances and industrial accidents, and 80 percent of all domestic violence incidents. How can drug and alcohol abuse affect a health young student? The statistics are staggering: Drug and alcohol abuse is the leading cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 24 95% of all secondary school violence is related to drug 28% of all school dropout are alcoholics and 40% of all student having academic problems abuse drug So why do students continue to drink and abuse drugs? Some feel pressure to use drugs or alcohol at social gatherings either because e veryone seems to be doing it, or because they believe its a cool thing to do. Oth ers believe that drug offers a way to escape from school or work related stress, financial worries or relationship problems. Some feel that alcohol or drugs pro vide a way to compensate for feelings or shyness or low self-esteems. Sometimes, these drugs act as a substitute for satisfying relationships, educational accom plishments or self fulfillment. Substance can seriously affect academic performa nce. Aside from long term addiction, it can cause grades to plummet, how? Substance u se to affect the entire body, including the brain, in a variety of ways. Judgmen t is often the first attribute to be affected; student may find it difficult to make good decision, to make them quickly or to be realistic when they make them. Suddenly, it becomes much easier to wait until the last minutes to cram for tha t exam or to crank out the paper. Students may also find themselves having diffi culty concentrating and paying attention, especially when they are in class or t rying to study. The act of abusing drugs can prevent student from focusing on cl asses and even missing classes. Time spent drinking takes student away from thei r studies. Drug abuse can lead to jail time, cause students to lose sports schol arship and also fall behind in studies, which can lead to students getting kicke d out of school. Mental Effect; Drug addicts can lose interest in activities unr elated to drugs, including education. Time spent studying might instead spent se arching for drugs or abusing drugs, some drug users go on drug-binging sprees th at can last for days. Also, the temporary highs can leave drug users disoriented

and unmotivated to process information. Some drugs like alcohol impair memory, preventing students from retaining information. Reality Distortion; some drugs can cause hallucinations, which can distract stud ents from anything, including studies. Drugs like marijuana are known to reduce motivation over time and can also make abusers feel sleepy. Marijuana also inhib its problem solving and the formation of memories in a time when schools are emp hasizing critical thinking skills. Some drug users need the drug to function, ye t students cannot abuse these drugs in school. Therefore, they either dont attend school or cannot function while in school. Inhalants destroy fatty tissues in t he brain that protect nerve cells, leading to students losing the ability to rem ember, learn and solve problems. Ecstasy causes users to lose touch with reality and also disconnects brain cells from each other, though cells can reconnect la ter if the abuse stops. Steroids permanently impair learning abilities. Secondary Effects; while not all students drink, alcohol abuse in schools can ev en inhibit the learning of students who do not drink. Students often have their sleep interrupted by drunken friends and some students even have to take care of drunken friends when they should be studying. Females also experiences unwanted sexual advances. Drinking also can lead to property damage that prevents studen ts from getting schoolwork done. 2.5. UTILIZATION OF DRUGS IN NIGERIA SECONDARY SCHOOL

Drug uses continue to be major- risk behavior among youth, with conseque nt physical and or mental health complications. The use of alcohol, tobacco and other substances constitutes one of the most important risks taking behavior amo ng adolescents and young adults in secondary schools. A drug use amongst student worldwide is a major problem that has elicite d concern from different individuals and groups. Extensive use of caffeine has been associated with brain fag syndrome (BFS ), a culture bound syndrome among West African students. The BFS usually present s with poor study assimilation, functional somatic complaint involving the head and neck region and visual disturbances. The use of mild analgesics (paracetamol and salicylates), antimalarias especially chloroquine and antibiotics followed the pshchostimulants, in that or der. Although they are drug used in clinical practice, our subjects misused them without prescription from appropriate health professionals. In Nigeria, self medication is a major problem cutting across various ages and s ocial classes. It is a widespread belief among the populace that clinical sympto ms such as body pain, headache and fever would usually be due to malaria infesta tion (which is endemic in Nigeria) and bacterial infestion. Hence, the practice of self medication with these groups of drugs: analg estics, antimalaria and bacterial infections. Hence, the practice of self medication with these groups of drugs; analgestics, antimalaria and antibiotics which could all be purchased over the counter in the country without a prescription.

CHAPTER THREE 3.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the method used in carrying out the study, which ar e: Resign design Population of the study Sample and sampling technique Research instrument Administrative of research instrument 3.1 RESIGN DESIGN A descriptive research will be used to carry out the study. A descriptive research is a research that seeks to identify how human (and other animals) beha ve especially in natural settings. It yield useful data about the variety of beh avior, can be used to test hypothesis, and many provide ideas about potential ca use-effect that can be tested experimentally, to achieve all this, the researche r admit the use of questionnaire with a view to obtain adequate information. 3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY The total of ten (10) selected secondary schools in Ikeja Local Governme nt area of Lagos State will be used by the researcher as the population sample. The schools are as follows: Omole Senior Secondary School (Government) Flora High School (Private) Bads Fafunwa Secondary School (Government) Oshobug Model School (Private) Agindigin Senior Secondary School (Government) Royal Master High School (Private) Oke-ira Senior Secondary School (Government) Bright Hope Secondary School (Private) Oregun High School (government) Bachel Model College (private) 3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE For the fact that it is not possible to give questionnaire to all the senior secondary students of each school selected because of the population, the (10) student will be selected from each school. Twenty (20) questionnaires were distributed in each of the ten (10) schools. Ten was given to each school for adequate information. The students were chosen to represent the entire population of the study because they seems to posses the ch aracteristics required for the study. 3.4. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instrument used for this research is the questionnaire which was regarded to a device instrument because of its flexibility and economic features. The Quest ionnaire is very easy to construct, administer, less time consuming and very eas y to supply the answers. The questionnaire has the following rating scale Strongly Agreed SA Agreed A Strongly Disagreed SD Disagreed D

3.5 ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT In administering the research instrument, the following steps were taken: The re searcher made a visit to schools selected in an area to be used for motivation a nd familiarization, particularly with the study. In administering the questionna ire, the students are selected randomly to avoid possible prejudice. The selecte d students were given questionnaire in their respective classroom and collected by the researcher after administration.

CHAPTER FOUR This chapter deals with the presentation of data and also the result of the find ings in tabular form. Question 1. Many students engage in drugs abuse once they have freedom from thei r parents. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 48 40 04 04 100 Percentages(%) 48 08 04 04 100% From the table above, 100 student which represents 48% strongly agreed, 40% agre ed, 48% strongly disagreed and 4% disagreed. Question 2 Majority of students who take drugs are in SSS3 Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 47 25 18 10 100 Percentages(%) 47 25 18 10 100% One hundred students (100) were used for the study, 47% students strongly agreed , 25 (25%) students agreed, 18 (18%) students strongly disagreed while 10 (10%) students disagreed

Question 3 Lack of proper parental care and guidance at home are major causes of drugs abus e among students. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 52 20 12 16 100 Percentages(%) 52 20 12 16 100% In table 3, out of 100 students to the question, 52 (52%) strongly agreed, 20 (2 0%) agreed, 12(12%) strongly disagreed while 16 (16%) disagreed. Question 4 Some Students were introduced to the use of drugs by their friends. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 20 20 20 100 Percentages(%) 40 20 20 20 100% From the table above, 40 students which represent 40% strongly agreed, 20 studen ts which represent 20% agreed, 20 students which represent 20% strongly disagree d while 20 students which represent 20% disagreed. Question 5 Student takes drugs to overcome anxiety, depression and tears. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 32 16 28 24 100

Percentages(%) 32 16 28 24 100% One hundred (100) students were used for the study, 32 (32%) students strongly a greed, 16 (16%) students agreed, 28 (28%) students strongly disagreed and 24 (24 %) students disagreed. Question 6 Students take drugs to cool down tensions and overcome problems of life Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 40 08 12 100 Percentages(%) 40 40 08 12 100% In table 6, out of 100 students to the questions, 40 (40%) strongly agreed, 40 ( 08%) agreed, 8 (40%) strongly disagreed while 12 (40%) disagreed. Question 7 Student prostration and general lack of satisfaction with life make many of the students involve in drugs abuse and misuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 48 30 16 06 100 Percentages(%) 48 30 16 06 100% The result above shows that 48 which represents 48% strongly agreed, 30 which re present 30% agreed, 16 which represent 16% strongly disagreed and 06 which repre sent 06% disagreed. Question 8 The community in which a student lives also makes them involve in drug abuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 35 20 15 30 100 Percentages(%) 35 20 15 30 100% The above table indicates that out of one hundred students used, 35 which repres ent 35% strongly agreed, 20 which represent 20% agreed, 15 which represent 15% s trongly disagreed and 30 which represent 30% disagreed. Question 9 Some students involves in drug abuse to secure courage and boldness for themselv es. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 48 32 16 04 100 Percentages(%) 48 32 16 04 100% Total of one hundred students were used for the study, 48 (48%) strongly agreed, 32 (32%) agreed, 16 (16%) strongly disagreed while 04 (04%) disagreed. Question 10 Lack of recreational to relax after school work forced some students to involve in drug abuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 35 15 20 30 100 Percentages(%) 35 15 20 30 100% From the above table, 35 students which represent 35% strongly agreed, 15 studen ts which represent 15% agreed, 20 students which represent 20% strongly disagree d and 30 student which represent 30% disagreed.

Question 11 An Indian hemp smoker as well as cigarette smokers respectively are liable to su ffer from mal nutrition, cancer of the lungs and some dietary deficiency disease s. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 50 40 05 05 100 Percentages(%) 50 40 05 05 100% In table 11, out of 100 students to the questions, 50 (50%) strongly agreed, 40 (40%) agreed, 05 (05%) strongly disagreed and 05 (05%) disagreed. Question 12

Drug abuse is dangerous to health e.g. to much use of Marijuana and cocaine can lead to instantly i.e. madness. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 30 10 20 100 Percentages(%) 40 30 10 20 100% Total of one hundred students were used to which represent 40% strongly agreed, 30% agreed, 10% strongly disagreed while 20% disagreed.

Question 13 Taking excessive synthetic drugs like paracetamol, cough syrup panadol etc is al so an act of drugs abuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 45 35 05 15 100 Percentages(%) 45 35 05 15 100% From the above table, 45 students which represent 45% strongy agreed, 35 student s which represent 35% agreed, 05 which represent 05% strongly disagreed and 15 s tudents which represent disagreed. Question 14 Taking drugs without adequate instruction or prescription from a doctor or healt h workers is also an act of drug abuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 40 10 10 100 Percentages(%) 40 40 10 10 100% The above table indicates that out of one hundred (100) students used, 40 which represent 40% strongly agreed, 40 which represent 40 which represent 40% agreed, 10 which represent 10% strongly disagreed while 10 which represent 10% disagree d.

Question 15 Cigarette smoking causes lungs cancer, lack of appetite and general weakness of the body tissue often leads to untimely death. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 48 40 08 04 100 Percentages(%) 48 40 08 04 100% The result above shows that 48 which represents 48% strongly agreed, 40 which re presents 40% agreed, 08 which represent 08% strongly disagreed and 04 which repr esents 4% disagreed. Question 16 Easy accessibility to dangerous drugs such as Marjuana, Cigarette, gin (paraga), brandy etc. make some students involves in drugs abuse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 40 08 12 100 Percentages(%) 40 40 08 12 100% In table 16, out of 100 students to the question, 40 (40%) strongly agreed, 40 ( 40%) agreed, 08 (08%) strongly disagreed and 12 (12%) disagreed. QUESTION 17 Some students take drugs because they sees their parent or elder ones taking it. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 32 28 24 16 100 Percentages(%) 32 28 24 16 100% Total of 100 students were used for the study, 32 (32%) strongly agreed, 28 (28% ) agreed, 24 (24%) strongly disagreed while 16 (16%) disagreed. Question 18 Drug addicts can lose interest in activities unrelated to drugs including educat

ion. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 48 20 08 24 100 Percentages(%) 48 20 08 24 100% From the table above, 48 students which represent 48% strongly agreed, 20 studen t which represent 20% agreed, 08 students which represent 8% strongly disagreed while 24 students which represent 24% disagreed. Question 19 Student drinking at night often wake up with hang over in the morning which prev ents them from focusing in classes and even missing classes. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 40 20 20 20 100 Percentages(%) 40 20 20 20 100% In table 19, out of 100 students to the question 40 (40%) strongly agreed, 20 (2 0%) agreed, 20 (20%) strongly disagreed and 20 (20%) disagreed.

Question 20 Total breakdown of law prohibiting smoking of Indian hemp and cigarette in publi c places coupled with lack of exemplary live styles from some staff of the law e nforcement agencies sere as free licenses for some student to involve in drugs a buse. Strongly Agreed Agreed Strongly disagreed Disagreed Total Number of students 35 35 15 15 100 Percentages(%) 35 35 15 15 100% The result above shows that 35 which represents 35% strongly agreed, 35 which re presents 35% agreed, 15 which represents 15% strongly disagreed while 15 represe nts 15% disagreed. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS Judging by the percentage of those that strongly agreed to this test items, the research work clearly indicate that the impact of information resources utilizat ion affects the use of drugs by students because when a parent of a student is o ut or when a child is out of the umbrella of his or her parent, they feel free a nd want to do whatever they like. Especially if the parents are the type that do es not have time to sit down and counsel the child. Item 2. States that majority of the students who takes drugs are in SSS3 researc h findings indicate that a child who is in SSS3 feels he/she is now big to do wh atever his/her mates are doing, they want to do things their mates are doing to makes them big boys and girls. Item 3. States that lack of proper parental care and guidance at home are major causes of drug abuse among students the researcher after summing up the total stu dents of those that strongly disagreed, disagreed and those that strongly agreed , agreed found out that truly some parents in our society do not pay attention t o their childrens all their do is business. Some after giving money to their chil dren do not bother to ask or know what such money was used for or know how thei r children is behaving in school, even if their child does not even get to schoo l. In this case, if a parent has a care free and guidance attitude towards their children, they will definitely involve themselves in drug abuse. Item 4. States that some students were introduced to the use of drugs by their f riends research findings indicate that the type of friend a student has will also determine the attitude he/she will acquire. If a student moves with friends who abuse drug there is high tendency that the student will also be a drug addict.

Item 5. States that students take drugs to overcome anxiety depression and fear based on the data available, 60% students responded positively while 40% respond ed negatively, from the findings, it shows that some students takes drugs to sup press, depression, anxiety and fear. Especially influence from those who are str onger than them. Item 6 states that students takes drugs to cool down tensions and overcome probl ems of life. The researcher found out that some student who are involved in drug abuse do it to overcome some problems of life especially those that comes from a broken home. Item 7. states that students frustration and general lack of satisfaction with li fe makes many of the students involved in drug abuse and misuse the researcher fo und out that some students takes drugs because they are been frustrated, some ta kes drugs because they are not satisfied with what their parents gives to them o r they are not satisfied with their life styles. Item 8. States that the community in which a student lives also makes them invol ve in drug abuse the researcher after summing up the total students of those that strongly agreed, agreed and those that strongly disagreed and disagreed, found out that truly the community in which a student lives also contribute to them be ing a drug abuser because a student who stays in a community where there are lot of people who smokes or drinks will be attracted by such behavior and will also want to try smoking or drinking. Item 9. states that some students involve in drug abuse to secure courage and bo ldness for themselves research findings indicate that some students takes drugs i n order to have courage to face people who are stronger than them and to have bo ldness in order to be bold to talk and not to be suppressed by anybody. Item 10. states that lack of recreational to relax after school work forced some students to involve in drug abuse the researcher found out that some students are stressed up in school and at home and does not have time to relax or find it di fficult to rest, this will prompt them to get themselves drunk or take some hard drugs which will make them sleep. Item 11. states that an Indian hemp smoker as well as cigarette smokers are liabl e to suffer from mal nutrition, cancer of the lungs and some dietary deficiency diseases based on the data available, 90% students responded positively while 10 % students responded negatively, it is obvious that smokers are liable to die yo ung. Item 12. States that drug abuse is dangerous to health e.g. to much use of marij uana and cocaine can lead to insanity i.e. madness based on the data available,70 % students responded positively while 30% students responded negatively, and als o what is happening that the researcher has also witness, the researcher also ag rees that drug abuse is dangerous to the health. Item 13. States that taking excessive synthetic drugs like paracetamol, cough sy rup, panadol etc is also an act of drug abuse the researcher found out that when a synthetic drug is been used excessively (too much), it affected the actions of the body negatively. Item 14. states that taking drugs without adequate instruction or prescription from a doctor or health workers is also an act of drug abuse according to the def inition of drug abuse: drug abuse is the act of taking drugs without adequate in struction from a qualified health workers, anybody who takes drugs without adequ ate instruction is a drug abuser. Item 15. states that cigarette smoking causes lungs cancer, lack of appetite and general weakness of the body tissue which often leads to untimely death based on the data available, 88% student responded positively while 12% student responde d negatively, it is agreed that smokers are liable to die young. Item 16. states that easy accessibility to dangerous drugs such as marijuana, cig arette, gin (paraga) brandy etc makes some students involves in drug abuse the re searcher after summing up the total of those that strongly agreed, agreed and th ose that strongly disagreed, disagreed found out that truly when a child has fre e access to drugs and alcoholic drinks, there is high tendency that such child w hich want to try taking those drugs and drink, for example student that stays wi th parent or guidance that sells cigarette and alcoholic drinks, the child will

walk up to the place where all this drugs are kept and will want to have a taste which later he/she will be addicted to it. Item 17. states that some students takes drugs because they sees their parents o r elder ones taking them research findings indicate that father that is a drug ad dict may be greatly influenced and carried away by any of his children. Like fa ther like son. A student whose elder ones are drug user will also want to do whatever t hey do. Item 18. states that drug addicts can lose interest in activities unrelated to d rugs including education research findings indicate that students who are drug ad dict can lose interest in activities which are not related to drugs including ed ucation because time that should spent studying might instead be spent in search ing for drugs or abusing drugs. Item 19. states that students who drinks at night often wake up with hangovers i n the morning which prevents them from focusing in classes the researcher found o ut that students who takes drugs and drinks find it difficult to attend classes in the morning because of the weakness the drug as cause their body. Item 20. states that total breakdown of law prohibiting smoking of Indian hemp a nd cigarette in public places coupled with lack of exemplary life styles from so me staff of the law enforcement agencies serve as free licenses for some student s to involve in drug abuse the researcher found out that this is one of the major cause why student abuse drugs because they believe nobody is above the law.

CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION. 5.1 SUMMARY. This research work has focused its attention on the impact of information reso urces utilization on drug abuse in Nigeria secondary schools. Many types of wo rks have been received in the research study show the influence of drugs on the students which led to looking at information resources utilization, information resources utilization and drug abuse, the impact of drugs abuse, effects of drug abuse on students and utilization of drugs in Nigeria secondary school. The instrument used in this research work was questionnaire which contained twen ty items drawn to secure information on the attitude and influence of drug abuse on the students. The students formed the population sample. Questionnaire were randomly selected from ten secondary schools in Ikeja Local Government Area of L agos State, the researcher believes that it will help the student to say their o wn opinion about the item in the questionnaire and besides, it is not time consu ming, it saves money, and it is confidential and by so doing, it quickened the w ork of the researcher for this particular study. 5.2 CONCLUSION In conclusion, the items were positively favored by majority of the students. It is believed that positive information recourse on drug abuse should be provided which will help the students to have knowledge about the effects of drug abuse on them academically, socially, physically, emotionally and mentally. In this ca se, it is also advisable that parents, guidance and teachers should devote more of time for their children. 5.3 Having chools 1. 2. RECOMMENDATION found out the effects of drug abuse among students in Nigeria secondary s in Lagos state, it is strongly recommended that: Parents, guidance and teachers should play their roles on the students. Parents should make their children their best friend; this will make the

children to express freely their feelings with them. 3. Parents should pay visit to their children during school hours so as to know what they are up to and the friends they move with. 4. parents should try to inculcate God fearing and good morals in their chi ldren 5. Students should be of a good behaviour in school and at home. 6. Students should mind the friends they move with. 7. Students should be free to rub mind with their parents guidance or teache rs. 8. Teachers should create good rapour between themselves and the students. 9. Teachers should also play parent roles during school hours. 10. Teachers should be able to identify and counsel students who are facing challenges on the use of drugs. 11. Government should endeavour to provide more information pertaining to th e risk involved in abusing drugs. 12. Government should help in organizing seminars on the radio, television a nd other mass media on the effects drug abuse. 13. Government should help in disseminating information effectively. 14. Schools also should be a source of information disseminating. 15. Government should help in implementing law against the use of drugs in p ublic places. REFERENCE Anochie. C, Nkanginieme KEO, Eke F, Alikor EAD: Drug abuse among secondary schoo l students. Nigeria Journal of Medicine 1999; 1: 27-33. Anumonye A: Drug abuse behaviour in Lagos secondary schools. A paper presented a t the 6th Annual Scientific Conference to the Association of Phychatrists in Nige ria 1976. Famuyiwa OO, Bankola Oki OM: A self-report Questionnaire for drug misuse among y ouths in Nigerian postgraduate Medical Journal 1997; 4; 2: 19-24 Smart RG, Hyghes PH Johnson LD, Anumonye A, Medinamora ME, et al: Methodology f or students drug use surveys. WHO offset publication 1980. No. 50 Geneva, WHO. Adelekan ML, Odejide AO: The reliability and validity of WHO Stutent drug abuse questionnaire among Nigerian students. Drug and alcohol dependence 1989; 24: 245 -249. Odejide AO: Problems of drugs abuse in Nigeria. A review of existing literature and suggestions on preventive measures. Nigeria medical journal 1980; 10; 1 & 2: 23-26 Hornby A.S (2000) Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary of current. English Sixth Edition

QUESTIONNAIRE Items SA A SD D 1. Many students engage in drugs abuse once they gain freedom from their pa rents. 2. Majority of the students who takes drugs are in SSS3 3. Lack of proper parental care and guidance at home are major causes of dr ug abuse among students. 4. Some students were introduced to the use of drugs by their friends. 5. Students take drugs to overcome anxiety depression and fear. 6. Students take drugs to cool down tensions and overcome problems of life. 7. Students frustration and general lack of satisfaction with life makes man

y of the students involve in drug abuse and misuse. 8. The community in which a student lives also makes them involve in drug a buse. 9. Some students involve in drug abuse to secure courage and boldness for t hemselves. 10. Lack of recreational to relax after school work forced some students to involve in drug abuse. 11. An Indian hemp smoker as well as cigarette smokers is liable to suffer f rom mal nutrition, cancer of the lungs and some dietary deficiency diseases. 12. Drug abuse is dangerous to health e.g. to much use of marijuana and coca ine can lead to insanity i.e. madness. 13. Taking excessive synthetic drugs like paracetamol, cough syrup, panadol etc is also an act of drug abuse. 14. Taking drugs without adequate instruction or prescription from a doctor or health workers is also an act of drug abuse. 15. Cigarette smoking causes lungs cancer, lack of appetite and general weak ness of the body tissue which often leads to untimely death. 16. Easy accessibility to dangerous drugs such as marijuana, cigarette, gin (paraga) brandy etc makes some students involves in drug abuse. 17. Some students take drugs because they see their parents or elder ones ta king them. 18. Drug addicts can lose interest in activities unrelated to drugs includin g education. 19. Students who drinks at night often wake up with hangovers in the morning which prevents them from focusing in classes. 20. Total breakdown of law prohibiting smoking of Indian hemp and cigarette in public places coupled with lack of exemplary life styles from some staff of t he law enforcement agencies serve as free licenses for some students to involve in drug abuse.