Unrest in Austrian-Hungary

16.5 by:Amberrose Alexander &

Darnisha Floyd

Objective:

How did decline of the Ottoman Empire affect European politics?

Results of the Uprisings

1848’s: Uprisings in France=Revolts in all

European nations!! ~Vienna demonstrators and army clashes ~ Resignations from chief ministers (Prince Metternich) & step downs from emperor’s (Emperor Ferdinand) . Later on, Chief minister’s 18 yr old nephew gets throne

Results of the Uprisings con. As for Hungary, Uprisings from Magyar s, due to their

resentment for the Austrian rule~ They argued that they differed from the

average European customs (i.e. language and culture)~ The Outcome~

1848 revolts, led by Lajos Kossuth, in hopes of independence=Czar Nicholas I of Russia step-in for reversed protection in fear of revolution spread=> Kossuth flees=> ending independence attempts

Formation of the Dual MonarchyDual Monarchy- formed by Austria in

response to the Hungarian independence demands in 1867

Francis Joseph I: common ruler of *Dual Monarchy* held title as Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary

Shared 3 ministers which controlled war, finance, & foreign affairs=> but both had separate Parliaments (1 in Vienna-Austrians & 1 in Budapest-Hungarians)

Formation of the Dual Monarchy con. Economically, it

was an extremely practical arrangement

Hungary=> agricultural (raw materials and food)

Austria=> industrial ( manufacturing goods)

Formation of Dual Monarchy con.

~PROBLEMS~ * Austria wanted more money for their manufactured goods * Division in nationalities were still present and at issue ~differences in languages ~ethnic minorities like the Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs,

Croats, Romanians, Poles, Slovenes, Ukrainians, and Italians had little to no benefit from the dual monarchy=> so they continued to stress the need of self government

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans1800’s=>declining of Ottoman Empire <=constant military defeats=no new/or

remaining territory =>No money for improvements to

present surroundings such as agriculture, roads, or hospitals

Religion and Government issues ran hand-&-hand *Christians & Jewish residents=

religious and political freedom=> but not considered social or political equals

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans con.Same request for self government

from the Balkan area: Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, Albanians, and the Greeks

Time for action: in 1820’s revolts by Greeks and Serbs granted them great success=> Greeks received independence in 1829 w/ outside help, Serbs achieved self-rule

The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans con.Foreign help or self help? Russia formed allies w/ the

Balkans=> self gain involved a water route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean if the Ottoman Empire collapsed.

Great Britain wanted to prevent this from happening so, they supported the Turks

The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan War1875:Revolts broke out in Turk

areas in the Balkan areas=war on the Ottoman Empire=>a defeated Turks forced to sign Treaty of San Stefano in 1878

Treaty granted independence to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro

Also gave self-rule to Bulgaria

The Congress of Berlin and the Balkan War con. Russian influence stuck

out=>meeting w/ the major European powers at the Congress of Berlin

Meeting basically put forth boundaries, rules and how they thought things should go so…

The Balkan League: nations of the Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro which declared war on the Ottoman Empire=WINNERS!!

However, they still fought over the division of lands=2nd war=lose and left with only a small outlet on the Aegean Sea