Health Information Technology Summit eHealth Initiative Washington October 22, 2004
Unlocking the black box: how technology can make eHealth ... · how technology can make eHealth...
Transcript of Unlocking the black box: how technology can make eHealth ... · how technology can make eHealth...
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Unlocking the black box:
how technology can make eHealth
interventions more persuasive and productive
Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen
25-02-2013
28/02/2013 Platform Product & Service Design
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to intensify cooperation with (inter)national
research centres and healthcare institutes
to contribute to the solution of global health
problems, like ageing and chronic care, via
persuasive designs and business modelling
multidisciplinary development & implementation
approach (social sciences & technology)
http://ehealthresearchcenter.org
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Outline Presentation
eHealth: the Good, the Bad and the Ugly
The Black Box phenomenon
Unlocking the Black Box
Holistic Approach
Persuasive Technology
Productive Technology
Comprehensive evaluations Uptake&Impact
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Bad Technology; low uptake, low impact
Weight LossTech
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Look and feel of a self-help book
Women–driven
Not-interactive
Low uptake
High drop-out
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Tsunami of Happy Feeling & Well-being Tech
high drop out, low impact
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Preacher-Technology
Text Driven
Fixed program
Diaries and Lessons
Cognitive Focus
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Overestimation of self-tracking
Lower impact than expected
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High educated , conscientious women
No diversity
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Low added value Tech
eConsult
log-in ID password Identify your complaint on the virtual body
ill-driven
no profit for client
Inadequate business model
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Tsunami of ePortals & ePlatforms
Lower Uptake than expected;
Low Adherence
Information-overload
No incentives for usage
Not sexy
Data management challenge
Interoperability and inter-
usability problems
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Ugly Tech
Tech for Frail People
Engineering Driven
Not Human centered
ADL support
Sleep/Wake support
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Traffic light system:
Red (danger)
Yellow (slightly danger)
Green (no danger)
- for every specific sensor -
Data make no sense for HCWs
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Uptake problems
• Technical interruptions
No data received (server)
Overload phone line
Sensor too sensitive
• Data hard to understand due to unclear interface
The presentation of data (graphs) was hard to
read
• Data hard to interpret due to technical calibration
(safety industry)
The value of data was disputable, activity
patterns (deviations) are not traceable to
medical evidence, standards , treatment
programs
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Ugly Tech
No Impact
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Industrial Driven
Top down Initiative
Not well thought concept
Electronic Patient Record (EPD), 1994- ?
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eHealth, a struggle ..
A tsunami of failed products
Lack of long-term effects
Rock Solid Healthcare
Inadequate business models
How to survive?
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Black Box Phenomenon
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Does IT work? Can IT help?
Is IT productive? For whom?
Black Box phenomenon
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Black box phenomenon
Technology developed in an ad-hoc manner
Technology considered as a by-product
Technology not articulated in research-designs
No smart data collection
No comprehensive evaluations
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Unlocking the Black Box
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Holistic approach eHealth Roadmap
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Good Tech, High Uptake, High Impact
Cooperation Designers and Healthcare professionals
Stakeholder dialogues in early stage of development
Design for adherence; Persuasive technology
Co-creation users and designers
Implementation interwoven with development
Comprehensive evaluation; smart data collection; robust methods
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Stakeholder dialogues
An early-stage-development debate among stakeholders is a prerequisite to
determine the added values for implementation.
It’s the “preservatives” — the incumbent healthcare players. That is, the
preservatives are trying to protect the status quo, rather than focusing on
how to sincerely address the Triple Aim (improve outcomes, reduce cost,
improve patient experience). In every healthcare organization I’ve talked
with, whether they are a provider, pharma, or health plan, there are
transformers internally who know what to do but are stymied by
preservatives. Forbes, Healthcare's Trillion-Dollar Disruption 1/17/20
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Values medical models & Tech
Patient centred care
Consumer engagement
Prevention models
Population-Health-management models
Smart Homes
Just in time and Personalized care
Nudging healthier lifestyle via persuasive
technology
….
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Nudging lifestyles via
Persuasive Technology Designs
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Design for Adherence PSD-Model: Oinas-Kukkonen
Persuasive system design-model
Primary Task
Support
Reduction, Tunneling, Tailoring,
Personalization, Self-monitoring,
Simulation, Rehearsal
Dialogue Support
Praise, Rewards, Reminders,
Suggestion, Similarity, Liking, Social role
Credibility Support
Trustworthiness, Expertise, Surface
credibility, Real-world feel, Authority, Third-
party, Verifiability
Social Support
Social learning, Social comparison,
Normative influence, Social facilitation,
Cooperation, Competition, Recognition
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Medical Protocols translated into decision aids
EursafetyHealth-net Platform
Task support; Simple and Smart
Decision support; reduction of needless
info; tailored to tasks HCWS
Bed side tech; right moment, right format
Reduces errors, saves time
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no one-size-fits-all
Persona to create a userprofile
Persona for Personalization
ePublic Health Risk Prevention
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Dialogue Support
Praise
Rewards
Reminders
Suggestion
Similarity
Liking
Social role
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Social Support
Social learning
Social comparison
Normative influence
Social facilitation
Cooperation
Competition
Recognition
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Persuasion, no manipulations or coercion
Verifiability
Praise
Rewards
Reminders
Suggestion
Similarity
Liking
Social role
Master persuaders
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Impact:Persuasive system design does matter Systematic review of adherence to web-based interventions (Kelders, Kok, Ossebaard, Van Gemert-Pijnen, JMIR, 2012)
We included 101 articles on 83 interventions.
19 chronic condition; 16 lifestyle behavior; 48 mental health
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55% variance explained:
Significant predictors:
more frequent intended usage,
more frequent updates content
more frequent interaction with a counselor
more extensive employment of dialogue support
interventions studied with a RCT-design (instead of an observational study),
Block wise enter: 1context, study design, 2 interaction mode, 3 system&content&interaction mode, RCT, 4 PSD
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Conclusion Review
Persuasive design does matter!!
DS sign predictor
SS trend towards sign
PTS not at all sign => more related to effectiveness?
System&Content&Interaction matter
update, dose, duration, intended usage, interaction mode
Methodology
Practical way to assess adherence objectively and comparably
Predictive model to compare web-based interventions
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Tunneling
Automated vs
Human Support
Social learning
Social facilitation
Personalization
Reminders
Self-monitoring
Fractional factorial design;
effects individual factors,
what matters most…
eMental Health
Impact Persuasive Features
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Dialogue Support
It can be concluded that support is important in computer-
based treatments for depression. This supports the wisdom
that a blended approach is preferable, the more successful
programs usually incorporate some therapist/human
support, whether that is online, or by phone, or in person.”
Richards & Richardson (2012)
Computer-based psychological
treatments for depression: A systematic
review and meta-analysis
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Experiment: Interaction support (living to the full)
Interaction support
automated support vs
human support
Outcomes
CES-D
HADS-A
Baseline/post/follow up
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Automated vs Human support
Reduction in depression and anxiety CES-D;HADS-A (post/follow
up)
Resp. whith human support improved more during intervention;
improvement stagnated between post-followup-time
Resp. whith automated support showed less improvement
during intervention, improvement carried on between post-
followup time
Automated vs Human support no difference in adherence, effect
(follow up)
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Design for experience; different cues; what matters?
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Mickael Boulay
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Slow Tech: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
Design for experience
More and more people report feeling overwhelmed by the omnipresence
of online activities and the expectation to be constantly accessible. It's
wreaking havoc on schedules, ruining a full night's sleep and disrupting
relationships.
"slow tech" movement is gaining momentum, pushing people to rethink
how we approach technology from the ground-up. Instead of being
obsessed with an overarching drive towards efficiency in our technology,
slow tech thinkers advocate a more livable, mindful relationship between
consumers and devices.
MOBILEDIA, JULY 19, 2012
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Productive Technology
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Activity pattern web-based Mental health- depression
12 weeks treatment (intended usage 3 times a week)
Drop outs: week 4/5 critical points for persuasion
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Diabetes eCoach
logfiles to identify drop outs and usage patterns
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Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
hits
Personal data Online monitoring E-mail contact Online educationCalendar Personal l ifestyle coach Print feature
I just forget and if my
diabetes nurse would
provide some more help
or pay some more
attention to it, it might
result in more interest.
It should be more
interactive; that you
would get a signal
and reply.. That you
would get a slightly
more stable
rhythm...
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Productive Mental Health …
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Productive therapies Blended Approach
Integration of online and face-to-face therapy
Objective = increase efficient and effective treatment
Not applied systematically in health care
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Productive Blended Approach
What dose, intensity, timing, mode of online and face to face
support?
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ASSIGNMENT
CLIËNT
FIRST
SCREENING
CLIENT
INTAKE FACE-TO-FACE 1 ONLINE 1
FACE-TO-FACE 2
ONLINE 2
FACE-TO-FACE 3
ONLINE 3
ONLINE 4
ONLINE 5
FACE-TO-FACE 4
FACE-TO-FACE 5
FACE-TO-FACE 6
FACE-TO-FACE 7
ONLINE 6
ONLINE 7
FACE-TO-FACE 8
ONLINE 8
AFTERCARE
0
0
50% FACE-TO-FACE & 50% ONLINE
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ASSIGNMENT
CLIËNT
FIRST
SCREENING
CLIENT
INTAKE FACE-TO-FACE 1 ONLINE 1
ONLINE 2
ONLINE 3
ONLINE 4
ONLINE 5
ONLINE 7
ONLINE 8
ONLINE 6
FACE-TO-FACE 2
FACE-TO-FACE 3
ONLINE 10
ONLINE 9
ONLINE 11
FACE-TO-FACE 4
ONLINE 12
AFTERCARE
0
0
25% FACE-TO-FACE & 75% ONLINE
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Blended treatment approach
Blended approach has the potential to improve therapy outcomes if:
Therapists and clients are involved in the development of
technology
Technology and content of the therapy are integrated
More systematic research is needed to show the effects of blended
treatment
Adherence
Influence on depression
Influence on treatment process
Influence on costs
Etc.
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28/02/2013 Platform Product & Service Design
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Comprehensive evaluations
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Comprehensive evaluation
Performance & Productive (system, content, service)
Stakeholders perspectives
Continuous evaluation cycles
Mixed methods
28/02/2013 Platform Product & Service Design
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Performance System&Content Productive
What is the reach and adherence rate?
What usage patterns emerge?
What features are used?
What aspects of use provide more
benefits?
What values are achieved?
How service oriented is the eHealth
intervention?
Who are the hard-core users? Who are
the drop outs? Who are the re-starters?
What user profiles can be identified?
What are the net benefits according to
the stakeholders?
Health and well being; QOL,
Knowledge, Insight in healthier
living
Productivity (utilization costs; just in
time care; adequate use of care)
Is the technology easy to use?
Is the technology persuasive ? (triggers to
support self-management)
Is the technology inter-usable with other
devices in use?
Is the technology interoperable with other
information systems in use by the users?
What kinds of business models can be
developed to achieve the added values?
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Toolkit Research
Mixed methods
Dose and exposure rate via log-ins (engagement)
Usage, user patterns via logfiles (understanding of the black box)
Usability tests and interviews (does IT work)
Persuasiveness and Personality assessments (what works for
whom)
Innovative analytic techniques (what IT-benefits most for whom)
Business modelling (what is productive)
Continuous measurement and regular evaluations
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eHealth challenges
Patient centred and stakeholder driven interventions
Persuasive design for engagement, adherence and experience
Emphatic interaction with users
Blended approach for productive tech
Advanced analytics for understanding black box, to optimize
interventions
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Thanks..
Contact: dr. J (Lisette) van Gemert-Pijnen
www.ehealthresearchcenter.nl