UNIX - OUM Students from Maldives · PDF filels • ls -- listing ﬁle and directories...

UNIXBasic UNIX Command

Saturday, October 23, 2010

Command List• ls

• mkdir

• mv

• chmod

• groupadd

• hostname

• kill

• head

• top

• compress/uncompress

• pwd

• Cat

• find

• chown

• useradd

• id

• ioscan

• pdf

• sar

• cd

• more

• grep

• chgrp

• passwd

• mount

• dmesg

• netstat

• tar

• rm

• cp

• touch

• su

• uname

• ps

• tail

• ifconfig


ls

• ls -- listing file and directories

• Most Commonly used options are:

• - a Listing all entries, including whose names begin with a period (.) are not listed

• - l List in long format

• - F After each file name, put one slash (/) if the file directory or an asterisk (*) if the file is executive.

• EXAMPLE

• ls -alF


pwd

• pwd -- Show current directory

• Most Commonly used options are:

• -L Display the logical current working directory.

• -P Display the physical current working directory (all symbolic links resolved).

• EXAMPLE

• pwd [-L | -P]


cd

• Changing Working directories

• Can use with absolute path and relative paths

• Using without any argument will redirect to User’s HOME directory

• EXAMPLE

• cd Desktop


rm

• Removing files or directories

• OPTIONs

• -f Force each file or directory to be removed without prompting for confirmation, regardless of the permissions of the entry

• -i Write a prompt to standard error requesting confirmation before removing each entry. This option ignores any previous occurrence of the -f option

• EXAMPLE

• rm myFile


mkdir

• Create a directory

• EXAMPLE

• mkdir myFolder

• mkdir /Users/xinuosx/Desktop/myFolder


rmdir

• Remove a directory

• Can only remove if directory is empty.

• EXAMPLE

• rmdir myFolder

• rmdir OfficeDocuments

• rmdir: OfficeDocuments: Directory not empty


cat

• cat - concatenate, copy, print files

• Cat reads each file in a sequence and writes it on the standard output.

• Thus cat file prints file on the default standard output device.

• EXAMPLE

• cat file1 file2 > file3

• (concatenate file1 and file2, and place the result in the file3)


more

• Display the contents of a file one page at a time

• EXAMPLE

• more filename


cp

• Copy file and directory subtrees.

• EXAMPLE

• 1. Copy file1 to new or existing new_file,

• cp file1 new_file

• 2. Copy file1 to existing directory

• cp file1 destination_directory

• 3. To create a zero-length file,

• cp /dev/null file


mv

• Move or Rename file and directories

• EXAMPLE

• 1. Move file1 to new or existing file,

• mv file1 new_file

• 2. Move file1 to existing directory

• cp file1 destination_directory

• 3. Rename a file in the current directory,

• mv old_filename new_filename


grep

• Search a file for a pattern

• EXAMPLE

• To search a file named address containing the following entries,

• Mohamed Nasheed Mulee Aage

• Mohamed Waheed Hilaaleege

• Maumoon A Gayoom Theemuge

• The command: grep Maumoon address

• prints:

• Maumoon A Gayoom Theemuge


touch

• Update access, modification, and /or change times of file

• Usually, touch is used to create a new file.

• EXAMPLE

• To create a zero-length file, use

• touch Wataniya


chmod

• Change file mode access permission.

• SYNOPSIS

• chown numeric_mode file..

• EXAMPLE

• To change the access permission of file1 to 664

• chmod 664 file1


chown, chgrp

• Change file owner of group

• SYNOPSIS

• chown [-R] owner[:group] file..

• EXAMPLE

• The following command searches the directory design_notes and changes each file in that directory to owner mark and group

• chown -R mark: users design_note


SUDO

• First man: Make me a sandwich.

• Second man: What? Make it yourself.

• First man: Sudo make me a sandwich.

• Second man: Okay ...


su

• Change User

• SYNOPSIS

• su [-] [username]

• EXAMPLE

• The following command will change user and user’s environment variable

• su - zameem

• The following command will only change user’s permission

• su zameem


groupadd

• Add a new group to the system

• SYNOPSIS

• groupadd [-g gid] grpup

• EXAMPLE

• Add the group projectx to etc/group file with the group iDD 117.

• groupadd - g 117 projectx


useradd

• Add a new user login to the system

• SYNOPSIS

• useradd [-u uid] [-g gid] [-d dir] [-s shell] [c - cooment] [-m] login

• EXAMPLE

• Add the user xinuosx to the system with a UID of 222, base directory /user/xinuosx, sbin/csh as its default shell, and a primary group of staff

• useradd -u 222 -g staff /user/xinuosx -m -s /sbin/csh xinuosx


passwd

• Change login password and associated attributes

• EXAMPLE

• To Change the password of user xinuosx , use

• passwd xinuosx


uname

• Display information about computer system

• EXAMPE

• uname - a

• Darwin Mohamed-Faisals-iMac.local 10.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 10.4.0: Fri Apr 23 18:28:53 PDT 2010; root:xnu-1504.7.4~1/RELEASE_I386 i386


hostname

• set or display name of current host system

• EXAMPE

• The command hostname may produce the output like;

• Mohamed-Faisals-iMac

• which means the host name is Mohamed-Faisals-iMac


id

• Print user and group IDs and mames

• EXAMPE

• To Display the current user and group data, use

• id

• which produce

• uid=501(xinuosx) gid=20(staff) groups=20(staff)


mount

• Display the already mounted file system

• EXAMPE

• The command mount may display

• /dev/disk0s2 on / (hfs, local, journaled)

• devfs on /dev (devfs, local, nobrowse)


ps

• Report process status

• The most commonly used options of ps are:

• -e select all process

• -f show common user, pid, ppidm cpu, stime, tty, time and args in that order

• EXAMPE

• Generate a full listing of all process currently running on your machine, use;

• ps - ef


kill

• Send a signal to a process; terminate a process

• SYNOPSIS:

• kill - signum pid

• EXAMPLE

• UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD

• 0 1 0 0 4:17.82 ?? 4:19.89 /sbin/launchd

• 0 10 1 0 0:01.73 ?? 0:24.34 /usr/libexec/kextd

• 0 11 1 0 0:24.42 ?? 1:06.88 /usr/sbin/DirectoryService

• 0 12 1 0 0:02.43 ?? 0:03.94 /usr/sbin/notifyd


dmesg

• Collect system diagnostic message to from error log

• EXAMPE

• dmesg is mainly used to display the current memory usage.


ifconfig

• Configure network interface parameters

• EXAMPE

• The command ifconfig lan1 may outputen1:flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 04:1e:64:f1:fe:a6 inet6 fe80::61e:64ff:fef1:fea6%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x6 inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.1.255 media: <unknown subtype> status: active


sar

• System activity reporter

• EXAMPE

• Watch CPU activity evolve for 5 seconds.

• sar 1 5 or sar -u 1 5

• Report buffer activity

• sar -b 1 5

• Report activity for each block device, eg disk or tape drive;

• sar -d 1 5


tar

• Tar is used to archive file

• EXAMPLE

• To archive file1, file2 and file3 into file.tar, use

• tar -cvf file.tar file1 file2 file3

• To display the contents of a archived file.tar, use

• tar -cvf file.tar

• To unachieved a archived file.tar, use

• tar -xvf file.tar


compress/uncompress

• Compress and expand data

• EXAMPLE

• Compress the file name zenith and print compression information to the terminal

• compress -v zenith

• Undo the compression by typing either of following commands;

• uncompress zenith.Z

• compress -d zenith.Z


VIEsc Switch between input mode and input mode and command mode

a Insert after current character

i Insert before current character

s Replace current character

dd Drop a line

o Insert new line after cursor

O Insert new line before cursor

x Remove current character

h/l Move left/right

j/k Move down/up

:w Save

:q Exit

ctr+b Roll back on screen

Ctr+f Roll forward one screen


Thank You


UNIX - OUM Students from Maldives · PDF filels • ls -- listing ﬁle and directories...

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